scholarly journals Neutral Ceramidase Is Required for the Reproduction of Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Shi ◽  
Mu-Fei Zhu ◽  
Ni Wang ◽  
Yuan-Jie Huang ◽  
Min-Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Insect Reproduction

Ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that have been implicated in insect development; however, their role in insect reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, we report the pivotal role of neutral ceramidase (NCER) in the female reproduction of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a significant pest in rice cultivation in Asia. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that, among different developmental stages of BPH, the levels of ceramides were highest in 1st instar nymphs and lowest in adults. The transcription of NCER was negatively correlated with the levels of ceramides at different developmental stages of BPH, in that the transcript levels of NCER were the highest, whereas ceramides levels were the lowest in BPH adults. Knocking down NCER through RNA interference (RNAi) increased the levels of ceramides in BPH females and ovaries, which resulted in a delay in oocyte maturation, a reduction in oviposition and egg hatching rate, as well as the production of vulnerable offspring. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assays showed mitochondrial deficiency and apoptosis in NCER-deficient oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that NCER plays a crucial role in female reproduction in BPH, likely by regulating the levels of ceramides.

scholarly journals Stable Establishment of Cardinium spp. in the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens despite Decreased Host Fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Pu Li ◽  
Chun-Ying Zhou ◽  
Si-Si Zha ◽  
Jun-Tao Gong ◽  
Zhiyong Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Pest

ABSTRACT The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera) is a major pest of rice crops in Asia. Artificial transinfections of Wolbachia have recently been used for reducing host impacts, but transinfections have not yet been undertaken with another important endosymbiont, Cardinium. This endosymbiont can manipulate the reproduction of hosts through phenotypes such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), which is strong in the related white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera). Here, we stably infected N. lugens with Cardinium from S. furcifera and showed that it exhibits perfect maternal transmission in N. lugens. The density of Cardinium varied across developmental stages and tissues of the transinfected host. Cardinium did not induce strong CI in N. lugens, likely due to its low density in testicles. The infection did decrease fecundity and hatching rate in the transinfected host, but a decrease in fecundity was not apparent when transinfected females mated with Wolbachia-infected males. The experiments show the feasibility of transferring Cardinium endosymbionts across hosts, but the deleterious effects of Cardinium on N. lugens limit its potential to spread in wild populations of N. lugens in the absence of strong CI. IMPORTANCE In this study we established a Cardinium-infected N. lugens line that possessed complete maternal transmission. Cardinium had a widespread distribution in tissues of N. lugens, and this infection decreased the fecundity and hatching rate of the host. Our findings emphasize the feasibility of transinfection of Cardinium in insects, which expands the range of endosymbionts that could be manipulated for pest control.

scholarly journals The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwik Sugiharti ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Edhi Martono ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field. IntisariAnagrus nilaparvatae merupakan parasitoid telur yang potensial untuk mengendalikan serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Parasitoid perlu mendapatkan sumber pakan yang sesuai untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologis dan kemampuan memarasit inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat pemberian bunga Turnera subulata dan Cosmos sulphureus pada kehidupan A. nilaparvatae. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh bunga yang diuji terhadap tingkat parasitasi dan penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae pada telur N. lugens. Bunga diletakkan di dalam tabung rearing parasitoid yang di dalamnya terdapat bibit padi varietas Ciherang yang mengandung telur N. lugens. Selain itu, terdapat pula perlakuan madu dan kontrol (tanpa bunga dan tanpa madu), dengan total empat perlakuan. A. nilaparvate yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu memiliki tingkat parasitasi yang sama dengan yang tidak diberi pakan. Namun, tingkat penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak diberi pakan. Jumlah A. nilaparvatae yang tidak menetas dari telur N. lugens pada parasitoid yang tidak diberi pakan adalah 37,4% dibandingkan dengan parasitoid yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu yang berkisar 8,19 - 15,67%. Percobaan kedua adalah tindak lanjut untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang kebugaran keturunan A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga yang diuji. Bunga dan madu tidak meningkatkan lama hidup keturunan A. nilaparvatae. Namun, A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan dengan bunga atau madu menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki fekunditas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan keturunan dari A. nilaparvatae yang tidak diberi pakan. Bunga C. sulphureus secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan jumlah keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh A. nilaparvatae. Ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis pakan induk parasitoid menentukan kebugaran keturunannya. Peningkatan penetasan dan fekunditas dari keturunan yang dihasilkan oleh induk A. nilaparvatae yang diberi pakan bunga T. subulata dan C. sulphureus akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan populasi parasitoid sehingga dapat mengendalikan serangan N. lugens di pertanaman padi dengan lebih baik.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivity of a New Guar Gum-Based Film Incorporated with Citral to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Xiubing Gao ◽  
Can Guo ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Rongyu Li ◽  
Xiaomao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is the most notorious rice insect pest. In order to repel BPH effectively while being environmentally friendly, a new film based on guar gum incorporated with citral (GC film) was formulated. A toxicity bioassay of citral and guar gum at different proportions (ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 in w/w) of GC film-forming emulsion to BPH was performed with the rice stem dipping method. Results showed that the most effective ratio of citral to guar gum was 1:1 with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.30 mg/mL, far below the LC50 of guar gum (GG)/citral individual (141.51 and 44.38 mg/mL, respectively). The mortality of BPH adults and nymphs in the third instar treated with different dilution multiples of GC film-forming emulsion ranged from 46.67% to 82.22% and from 37.78% to 71.11%, respectively. These indicated that GC film-forming emulsion had a direct toxicity on BPH, and the mixture of citral and GG had synergistic interactions. Subsequently, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of guar gum with citral was successful and did not result in the formation of new chemical bonds. The GC film exhibited a darker color and rougher surface topography with larger apertures and deeper gullies (Ra = 1.42 nm, Rq = 2.05 nm, and Rmax = 25.40 nm) compared to the guar gum film (GG film) (Ra = 1.00 nm, Rq = 1.33 nm, and Rmax = 16.40 nm), as determined by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The GC film exhibited a 50.4% lower solubility in water (30.30% vs. 15.00%) and 71.3% oxygen permeability (8.26 × 10−9 vs. 2.37 × 10−9 cm3/m2·d·Pa) (p < 0.05) but did not demonstrate any significant difference in mechanical properties, such as thickness (39.10 vs. 41.70 mm), tensile strength (41.89 vs. 38.30 N/mm2), and elongation at break (1.82% vs. 2.03%) (p < 0.05) compared to the GG film. Our findings established a link between physicochemical properties and bioactivity, which can provide useful information on developing and improving GC films and may offer an alternative approach for the control of BPH in the near future.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Impedes Development and Lowers Fecundity of the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e47413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiranan Piyaphongkul ◽  
Jeremy Pritchard ◽  
Jeff Bale
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

RNA interference-aided knockdown of a putative saccharopine dehydrogenase leads to abnormal ecdysis in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-J. Wan ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
S.-Y. Yuan ◽  
Y.-H. Tang ◽  
Q. Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Saccharopine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Wing Deformation

AbstractThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a serious phloem-feeding pest of rice in China. The current study focuses on a saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) that catalyzes the penultimate reaction in biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine (Lys), which plays a role in insect growth and carnitine production (as a substrate). The protein, provisionally designated as NlylsSDH [a SDH derived from yeast-like symbiont (YLS) in N. lugens], had a higher transcript level in abdomens, compared with heads, wings, legs and thoraces, which agrees with YLS distribution in N. lugens. Ingestion of Nlylssdh targeted double-stranded RNA (dsNlylssdh) for 5, 10 and 15 days decreased the mRNA abundance in the hoppers by 47, 70 and 31%, respectively, comparing with those ingesting normal or dsegfp diets. Nlylssdh knockdown slightly decreased the body weights, significantly delayed the development of females, and killed approximately 30% of the nymphs. Moreover, some surviving adults showed two apparent phenotypic defects: wing deformation and nymphal cuticles remained on tips of the legs and abdomens. The brachypterours/macropterours and sex ratios (female/male) of the adults on the dsRNA diet were lowered compared with the adults on diets without dsRNA. These results suggest that Nlylssdh encodes a functional SDH protein. The adverse effect of Nlylssdh knockdown on N. lugens implies the importance of Lys in hopper development. This study provides a proof of concept example that Nlylssdh could serve as a possible dsRNA-based pesticide for planthopper control.

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