scholarly journals Potential Utility of Electrical Impedance Myography in Evaluating Age-Related Skeletal Muscle Function Deficits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Clark ◽  
Seward Rutkove ◽  
Elmer C. Lupton ◽  
Carlos J. Padilla ◽  
W. David Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Health

Skeletal muscle function deficits associated with advancing age are due to several physiological and morphological changes including loss of muscle size and quality (conceptualized as a reduction in the intrinsic force-generating capacity of a muscle when adjusted for muscle size). Several factors can contribute to loss of muscle quality, including denervation, excitation-contraction uncoupling, increased fibrosis, and myosteatosis (excessive levels of inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipids). These factors also adversely affect metabolic function. There is a major unmet need for tools to rapidly and easily assess muscle mass and quality in clinical settings with minimal patient and provider burden. Herein, we discuss the potential for electrical impedance myography (EIM) as a tool to evaluate muscle mass and quality in older adults. EIM applies weak, non-detectible (e.g., 400 μA), mutifrequency (e.g., 1 kHz–1 MHz) electrical currents to a muscle (or muscle group) through two excitation electrodes, and resulting voltages are measured via two sense electrodes. Measurements are fast (~5 s/muscle), simple to perform, and unaffected by factors such as hydration that may affect other simple measures of muscle status. After nearly 2 decades of study, EIM has been shown to reflect muscle health status, including the presence of atrophy, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration, in a variety of conditions (e.g., developmental growth and maturation, conditioning/deconditioning, and obesity) and neuromuscular diseases states [e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and muscular dystrophies]. In this article, we describe prior work and current evidence of EIM’s potential utility as a measure of muscle health in aging and geriatric medicine.

scholarly journals Age-induced oxidative stress: how does it influence skeletal muscle quantity and quality?

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory W. Baumann ◽  
Dongmin Kwak ◽  
Haiming M. Liu ◽  
LaDora V. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Ec Coupling

With advancing age, skeletal muscle function declines as a result of strength loss. These strength deficits are largely due to reductions in muscle size (i.e., quantity) and its intrinsic force-producing capacity (i.e., quality). Age-induced reductions in skeletal muscle quantity and quality can be the consequence of several factors, including accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), also known as oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the published literature that has demonstrated links between aging, oxidative stress, and skeletal muscle quantity or quality. In particular, we focused on how oxidative stress has the potential to reduce muscle quantity by shifting protein balance in a deficit, and muscle quality by impairing activation at the neuromuscular junction, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling at the ryanodine receptor (RyR), and cross-bridge cycling within the myofibrillar apparatus. Of these, muscle weakness due to EC coupling failure mediated by RyR dysfunction via oxidation and/or nitrosylation appears to be the strongest candidate based on the publications reviewed. However, it is clear that age-associated oxidative stress has the ability to alter strength through several mechanisms and at various locations of the muscle fiber.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in isolated mouse skeletal muscle function are dependent on sex, muscle, and contractility mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. R296-R314
Author(s):  
Cameron Hill ◽  
Rob S. James ◽  
Val. M. Cox ◽  
Frank Seebacher ◽  
Jason Tallis
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mouse Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Age Related

The present study aimed to simultaneously examine the age-related, muscle-specific, sex-specific, and contractile mode-specific changes in isolated mouse skeletal muscle function and morphology across multiple ages. Measurements of mammalian muscle morphology, isometric force and stress (force/cross-sectional area), absolute and normalized (power/muscle mass) work-loop power across a range of contractile velocities, fatigue resistance, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform concentration were measured in 232 isolated mouse (CD-1) soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and diaphragm from male and female animals aged 3, 10, 30, 52, and 78 wk. Aging resulted in increased body mass and increased soleus and EDL muscle mass, with atrophy only present for female EDL by 78 wk despite no change in MHC isoform concentration. Absolute force and power output increased up to 52 wk and to a higher level for males. A 23–36% loss of isometric stress exceeded the 14–27% loss of power normalized to muscle mass between 10 wk and 52 wk, although the loss of normalized power between 52 and 78 wk continued without further changes in stress ( P > 0.23). Males had lower power normalized to muscle mass than females by 78 wk, with the greatest decline observed for male soleus. Aging did not cause a shift toward slower contractile characteristics, with reduced fatigue resistance observed in male EDL and female diaphragm. Our findings show that the loss of muscle quality precedes the loss of absolute performance as CD-1 mice age, with the greatest effect seen in male soleus, and in most instances without muscle atrophy or an alteration in MHC isoforms.

The Effects of Aging and Training on Skeletal Muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Kirkendall ◽  
William E. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Type I ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
General Slowing

Aging results in a gradual loss of muscle function, and there are predictable age-related alterations in skeletal muscle function. The typical adult will lose muscle mass with age; the loss varies according to sex and the level of muscle activity. At the cellular level, muscles loose both cross-sectional area and fiber numbers, with type II muscle fibers being the most affected by aging. Some denervation of fibers may occur. The combination of these factors leads to an increased percentage of type I fibers in older adults. Metabolically, the glycolytic enzymes seem to be little affected by aging, but the aerobic enzymes appear to decline with age. Aged skeletal muscle produces less force and there is a general “slowing” of the mechanical characteristics of muscle. However, neither reduced muscle demand nor the subsequent loss of function is inevitable with aging. These losses can be minimized or even reversed with training. Endurance training can improve the aerobic capacity of muscle, and resistance training can improve central nervous system recruitment of muscle and increase muscle mass. Therefore, physical activity throughout life is encouraged to prevent much of the age-related impact on skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of impedance parameters for muscle quality evaluation in healthy men

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Takao Nakamura ◽  
Toshimasa Kusuhara ◽  
Kobara Kenichi ◽  
Katsushi Kuniyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Impedance Parameters

Abstract We investigated the relationship between impedance parameters and skeletal muscle function in the lower extremities, as well as the effectiveness of impedance parameters in evaluating muscle quality. Lower extremity impedance of 19 healthy men (aged 23–31 years) measured using the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis were arc-optimized using the Cole–Cole model, following which phase angle (PA), $${R}_{i}/{R}_{e}$$ R i / R e , and β were estimated. Skeletal muscle function was assessed by muscle thickness, muscle intensity, and isometric knee extension force (IKEF). IKEF was positively correlated with PA (r = 0.58, p < 0.01) and β (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with $${R}_{i}/{R}_{e}$$ R i / R e (r = − 0.43, p < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis results revealed that PA, β, and $${R}_{i}/{R}_{e}$$ R i / R e were correlated with IKEF independently of muscle thickness. This study suggests that arc-optimized impedance parameters are effective for evaluating muscle quality and prediction of muscle strength.

scholarly journals The Need for Standardized Assessment of Muscle Quality in Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit and Other Aging-Related Muscle Dysfunctions: A Symposium Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo ◽  
Michael O. Harris-Love ◽  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Maren S. Fragala ◽  
Brian W. Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Symposium Report

Nutrient-dense protein as a primary dietary strategy in healthy ageing: please sir, may we have more?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
E. A. Nunes ◽  
B. S. Currier ◽  
C. Lim ◽  
S. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss ◽  
And Function

A progressive decrement in muscle mass and muscle function, sarcopoenia, accompanies ageing. The loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is the main feature of sarcopoenia. Preventing the loss of muscle mass is relevant since sarcopoenia can have a significant impact on mobility and the quality of life of older people. Dietary protein and physical activity have an essential role in slowing muscle mass loss and helping to maintain muscle function. However, the current recommendations for daily protein ingestion for older persons appear to be too low and are in need of adjustment. In this review, we discuss the skeletal muscle response to protein ingestion, and review the data examining current dietary protein recommendations in the older subjects. Furthermore, we review the concept of protein quality and the important role that nutrient-dense protein (NDP) sources play in meeting overall nutrient requirements and improving dietary quality. Overall, the current evidence endorses an increase in the daily ingestion of protein with emphasis on the ingestion of NDP choices by older adults.

Disruption of muscle renin-angiotensin system in AT1a−/−mice enhances muscle function despite reducing muscle mass but compromises repair after injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (3) ◽  
pp. R321-R331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate T. Murphy ◽  
Andrew M. Allen ◽  
Annabel Chee ◽  
Timur Naim ◽  
Gordon S. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vasoregulation is well established, but a localized RAS exists in multiple tissues and exerts diverse functions including autonomic control and thermogenesis. The role of the RAS in the maintenance and function of skeletal muscle is not well understood, especially the role of angiotensin peptides, which appear to contribute to muscle atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that mice lacking the angiotensin type 1A receptor (AT1A−/−) would exhibit enhanced whole body and skeletal muscle function and improved regeneration after severe injury. Despite 18- to 20-wk-old AT1A−/−mice exhibiting reduced muscle mass compared with controls ( P < 0.05), the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles produced a 25% higher maximum specific (normalized) force ( P < 0.05). Average fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber oxidative capacity was not different between groups, but TA muscles from AT1A−/−mice had a reduced number of muscle fibers as well as a higher proportion of type IIx/b fibers and a lower proportion of type IIa fibers ( P < 0.05). Measures of whole body function (grip strength, rotarod performance, locomotor activity) were all improved in AT1A−/−mice ( P < 0.05). Surprisingly, the recovery of muscle mass and fiber CSA following myotoxic injury was impaired in AT1A−/−mice, in part by impaired myoblast fusion, prolonged collagen infiltration and inflammation, and delayed expression of myogenic regulatory factors. The findings support the therapeutic potential of RAS inhibition for enhancing whole body and skeletal muscle function, but they also reveal the importance of RAS signaling in the maintenance of muscle mass and for normal fiber repair after injury.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, Skeletal Muscle Function and Athletic Performance in Athletes—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Książek ◽  
Aleksandra Zagrodna ◽  
Małgorzata Słowińska-Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) exerts its biological effects by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDRs), which are found in most human extraskeletal cells, including skeletal muscles. Vitamin D deficiency may cause deficits in strength, and lead to fatty degeneration of type II muscle fibers, which has been found to negatively correlate with physical performance. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve vitamin D status and can positively affect skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current evidence of the relationship between vitamin D, skeletal muscle function and physical performance in athletes. Additionally, we will discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation on athletic performance in players. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the underlying mechanisms of calcitriol action in the human skeletal muscle tissue, and to understand how these actions impact the athletic performance in athletes.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein and Muscle in Aging People: The Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ni Lochlainn ◽  
Ruth C. E. Bowyer ◽  
Claire J. Steves
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Anabolic Resistance

Muscle mass, strength and physical function are known to decline with age. This is associated with the development of geriatric syndromes including sarcopenia and frailty. These conditions are associated with disability, falls, longer hospital stay, higher readmission rates, institutionalisation, osteoporosis, and death. Moreover, they are associated with reduced quality of life, as well as substantial costs to health services around the world. Dietary protein is essential for skeletal muscle function. Older adults have shown evidence of anabolic resistance, where greater amounts of protein are required to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and therefore require higher daily amounts of dietary protein. Research shows that resistance exercise has the most beneficial effect on preserving skeletal muscle. A synergistic effect has been noted when this is combined with dietary protein, yet studies in this area lack consistency. This is due, in part, to the variation that exists within dietary protein, in terms of dose, quality, source, amino acid composition and timing. Research has targeted participants that are replete in dietary protein with negative results. Inconsistent measures of muscle mass, muscle function, physical activity and diet are used. This review attempts to summarise these issues, as well as introduce the possible role of the gut microbiome and its metabolome in this area.

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