scholarly journals Vitamin D, Skeletal Muscle Function and Athletic Performance in Athletes—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Książek ◽  
Aleksandra Zagrodna ◽  
Małgorzata Słowińska-Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) exerts its biological effects by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDRs), which are found in most human extraskeletal cells, including skeletal muscles. Vitamin D deficiency may cause deficits in strength, and lead to fatty degeneration of type II muscle fibers, which has been found to negatively correlate with physical performance. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve vitamin D status and can positively affect skeletal muscles. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current evidence of the relationship between vitamin D, skeletal muscle function and physical performance in athletes. Additionally, we will discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation on athletic performance in players. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the underlying mechanisms of calcitriol action in the human skeletal muscle tissue, and to understand how these actions impact the athletic performance in athletes.

scholarly journals Recent Advance on Vitamin D in Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Jinkyung Cho ◽  
Soo-Hyun Park ◽  
Hong-Sun Song
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Myocyte Proliferation

PURPOSE: Vitamin D plays important roles in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Since vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are located in a variety of organs, including skeletal muscle, vitamin D has potentially widespread effects. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current understanding of the effects of vitamin D on muscle function and exercise performance in athletes.METHODS: In this narrative review, we summarized previous studies by searching the literature in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases.RESULTS: Vitamin D has been shown to regulate multiple actions in skeletal muscle tissue, such as myocyte proliferation and growth via genomic and non-genomic molecular pathways. Higher levels of vitamin D are associated with improved skeletal muscle function and exercise performance. Moreover, in some studies, vitamin D supplementation has beneficial effects on muscle strength in athletes, especially those who are vitamin D-deficient.CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D appears to have beneficial effects on muscle and exercise performance in athletes. However, more studies are needed to clarify the action and dosage of vitamin D in athletes.

Vitamin D in Basketball Players: Current Evidence and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110193
Author(s):  
Emilija Stojanović ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Dušan Hamar ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljević
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Context: Despite growing interest in quantifying and correcting vitamin D inadequacy in basketball players, a critical synthesis of these data is yet to be performed to overcome the low generalizability of findings from individual studies. Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of data in basketball pertaining to (1) the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy; (2) the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration (and its association with body composition), bone health, and performance; and (3) crucial aspects that warrant further investigation. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Study Selection: After screening, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, serum 25(OH)D, body composition, stress fractures, and physical performance were extracted. Results: The pooled prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy for 527 basketball players in 14 studies was 77% ( P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Supplementation with 4000 IU/d and 4000 IU/wk (absolute mean difference [AMD]: 25.39 nmol/L; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13.44-37.33), as well as 10,000 IU/d (AMD: 100.01; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 70.39-129.63) vitamin D restored 25(OH)D to normal concentrations. Body composition data revealed inverse correlations between changes in serum 25(OH)D (from pre- to postsupplementation) and body fat ( r = −0.80; very large). Data concerning positive impacts of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Conclusion: The high proportion of vitamin D inadequacy underscores the need to screen for serum 25(OH)D in basketball players. Although supplementation restored vitamin D sufficiency, the beneficial effects on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Adiposity can modulate 25(OH)D response to supplementation.

scholarly journals To Supplement or not to Supplement? The Rationale of Vitamin D Supplementation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Nerviani ◽  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Michele Gilio ◽  
Rosa Daniela Grembiale ◽  
Myles J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by abnormal activation of the immune system, chronic inflammation and organ damage. Lupus patients are more prone to be vitamin D deficient. However, current evidence is not conclusive with regards to the role played by vitamin D in SLE development, progression, and clinical manifestations. Objective: Here, we will summarise the current knowledge about vitamin D deficiency prevalence, risk factors, molecular effects, and potential pathogenic role in SLE. We will focus on the link between vitamin D deficiency and lupus clinical manifestations, and on the clinical trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation in SLE. Method: A detailed literature search was performed exploiting the available databases, using “vitamin D and lupus/SLE” as keywords. The relevant interventional trials published over the last decade have been considered and the results are reported here. Conclusion: Several immune cells express vitamin D receptors. Thus, an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D in lupus is plausible. Numerous observational studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical/serological manifestations of SLE with contrasting results. Negative correlations between vitamin D levels and disease activity, fatigue, renal and cardiovascular disease, and anti-dsDNA titres have been described but not conclusively accepted. In experimental models of lupus, vitamin D supplementation can improve the disease. Interventional trials have assessed the potential therapeutic value of vitamin D in SLE, but further larger studies are needed.

scholarly journals L-tyrosine supplementation is not therapeutic for skeletal muscle dysfunction in zebrafish and mouse models of dominant skeletal muscle α-actin nemaline myopathy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. Messineo ◽  
Charlotte Gineste ◽  
Tamar E. Sztal ◽  
Elyshia L. McNamara ◽  
Christophe Vilmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Nemaline Myopathy ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Tyrosine Concentration

ABSTRACTNemaline myopathy (NM) is a skeletal muscle disorder with no curative treatment. Although L-tyrosine administration has been indicated to provide benefit to patients, previous studies have been limited due to sample size or not testing for raised L-tyrosine levels. We evaluated the efficacy of L-tyrosine treatment to improve skeletal muscle function in three animal models of NM caused by skeletal muscle α-actin (ACTA1) mutations. Firstly we determined the maximum safest L-tyrosine concentration for inclusion in the water of wildtype zebrafish. We then treated NM TgACTA1D286G-eGFP zebrafish from 24 hours post fertilization with the highest safe L-tyrosine dose (10 µM). At 6 days post fertilization, no significant improvement was detected in skeletal muscle function (swimming distance). We also determined the highest safe L-tyrosine dose for dietary L-tyrosine supplementation to wildtype mice. Next we treated the NM TgACTA1D286G mouse model continuously from preconception with 2% L-tyrosine supplemented to regular feed. We examined skeletal muscles at 6–7 weeks using indicators of skeletal muscle integrity: bodyweight, voluntary running wheel and rotarod performance, all parameters previously shown to be reduced in TgACTA1D286G mice. The L-tyrosine treatment regime did not result in any improvement of these parameters, despite significant elevation of free L-tyrosine levels in sera (57%) and quadriceps muscle (45%) of treated TgACTA1D286G mice. Additionally, we assessed the effects of 4 weeks of 2% L-tyrosine dietary supplementation on skeletal muscle function of older (6-7 month old) NM TgACTA1D286G and KIActa1H40Y mice. This dosing regime did not improve decreased bodyweight, nor the mechanical properties, energy metabolism, or atrophy of skeletal muscles in these NM models. Together these findings demonstrate that with the treatment regimes and doses evaluated, L-tyrosine does not therapeutically modulate dysfunctional skeletal muscles in NM animal models with dominant ACTA1 mutations. Therefore this study yields important information on aspects of the clinical utility of L-tyrosine for ACTA1 NM.Summary statementDespite previous encouraging reports, this study utilising zebrafish and mouse models of nemaline myopathy shows no therapeutic benefit on skeletal muscle functionality in response to L-tyrosine supplementation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Merging into Immune System-Skeletal Muscle Network: Effects on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5592
Author(s):  
Clara Crescioli
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The concept that extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D impact on human health have taken place since quite ago. Among all, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on immune regulation, skeletal muscle function, and metabolism are undeniable. Adequate vitamin D levels maintain the immune system and skeletal muscle metabolism integrity, promoting whole-body homeostasis; hypovitaminosis D associates with the important decline of both tissues and promotes chronic inflammation, which is recognized to underlie several disease developments. Growing evidence shows that the immune system and skeletal muscle reciprocally dialogue, modulating each other’s function. Within this crosstalk, vitamin D seems able to integrate and converge some biomolecular signaling towards anti-inflammatory protective effects. Thus, vitamin D regulation appears even more critical at the immune system-muscle signaling intersection, rather than at the single tissue level, opening to wider/newer opportunities in clinical applications to improve health. This paper aims to focus on the immune system-skeletal muscle interplay as a multifaceted target for vitamin D in health and disease after recalling the main regulatory functions of vitamin D on those systems, separately. Some myokines, particularly relevant within the immune system/skeletal muscle/vitamin D networking, are discussed. Since vitamin D supplementation potentially offers the opportunity to maintain health, comments on this issue, still under debate, are included.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Function and Effects of Early Rehabilitation during Acute Heart Failure: Rationale and Study Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Węgrzynowska-Teodorczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Siennicka ◽  
Krystian Josiak ◽  
Robert Zymliński ◽  
Monika Kasztura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Background. Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with disturbances of the peripheral perfusion leading to the dysfunction of many organs. Consequently, an episode of AHF constitutes a “multiple organ failure” which may also affect the skeletal muscles. However, the abnormalities within skeletal muscles during AHF have not been investigated so far. The aim of this project is to comprehensively evaluate skeletal muscles (at a functional and tissue level) during AHF. Methods. The study will include ≥63 consecutive AHF patients who will be randomized into 2 groups: ≥42 with cardiac rehabilitation group versus ≥21 with standard pharmacotherapy alone. The following tests will be conducted on the first and last day of hospitalization, at rest and after exercise, and 30 days following the discharge: clinical evaluation, medical interview, routine physical examination, echocardiography, and laboratory tests (including the assessment of NT-proBNP, inflammatory markers, and parameters reflecting the status of the kidneys and the liver); hemodynamic evaluation, noninvasive determination of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance using the impedance cardiography; evaluation of biomarkers reflecting myocyte damage, immunochemical measurements of tissue-specific enzymatic isoforms; evaluation of skeletal muscle function, using surface electromyography (sEMG) (maximum tonus of the muscles will be determined along with the level of muscular fatigability); evaluation of muscle tissue perfusion, assessed on the basis of the oxygenation level, with noninvasive direct continuous recording of perfusion in peripheral tissues by local tissue oximetry, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results and Conclusions. Our findings will demonstrate that the muscle tissue is another area of the body which should be taken into consideration in the course of treatment of AHF, requiring a development of targeted therapeutic strategies, such as a properly conducted rehabilitation.

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