scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Comparison of Different Techniques Among Skilled Water Treaders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina van Duijn ◽  
Chris Button ◽  
Rich S. W. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Movement Instruction ◽  
Probe Reaction Time ◽  
And Task ◽  
The Ideal

In an immersion incident, a person may be required to tread water for extended periods of time in order to survive. Treading water, or maintaining a stable head position above the water surface, can be achieved in several different ways. Determining which treading water techniques are economic (energetically and cognitively) is an important first step in approaching evidence-based water safety instruction. The present study investigated the cognitive and metabolic demands associated with four main techniques for treading water in experienced water treaders. Skilled water treaders (n=21) performed four common treading techniques for 3min each: “running” in the water, “flutter kick” with hands sculling, “upright breaststroke,” and “egg-beater.” Self-reported rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and task load index (TLX) score, as well as objective measures of probe reaction time (PRT; i.e., response to auditory cues while treading), oxygen consumption and heart rate were assessed. The “egg-beater” technique and the “upright breaststroke” technique were linked to significantly lower cognitive and energetic demands compared to the other techniques (VO2: p<0.001 – “Running” M=29.02, SD=7.40/“Flutter kick” M=29.37, SD=8.56, “Breaststroke” M=23.47, SD=7.28, and “Eggbeater” M=23.18, SD=6.31). This study lays the groundwork for future research that may establish the ideal movement behavior in drowning situations and investigate movement instruction to less experienced treaders.

Using the Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups During the COVID-19 ‘Lockdown’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.

The romance of working together: Benefits of gender diversity on group performance in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1487-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
LiWen Hou
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
And Task

The authors examine cross-cultural differences in the effects of gender diversity on group identification and performance using workgroups from American and Chinese firms. Nationality is found to moderate the relationship between gender diversity and group identification in that gender diversity associates more positively with group identification in Chinese workgroups than in American workgroups. Nationality does not moderate the gender diversity–group performance relationship: although the Chinese sample shows a positive association between gender diversity and group performance, the American sample shows no association. A second longitudinal study explores the mechanisms of relationship conflict and task conflict by which gender diversity benefits group performance in China. Results show that gender-diverse groups perform better than homogeneous groups by decreasing relationship conflict and task conflict. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.

Perceived Exertion: An Active or Passive Process?

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jack Rejeski
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Parallel Processing Model

Subjective estimates of physical work intensity are considered of major importance to those concerned with prescription of exercise. This article reviews major theoretical models which might guide research on the antecedents for ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). It is argued that an active rather than passive view of perception is warranted in future research, and a parallel-processing model is emphasized as providing the needed structure for such reconceptualization. Moreover, existing exercise research is reviewed as support for this latter approach and several suggestions are offered with regard to needed empirical study.

Emotional impact, task performance and task load of green walls exposure in a virtual environment

Indoor Air ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungkeun Yeom ◽  
Hakpyeong Kim ◽  
Taehoon Hong ◽  
Changyoon Ji ◽  
Dong‐Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals It’s about Time: Effects of Physical Exertion on Duration Estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Lawrence O. Schwartz ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Edmundo L. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
D Values ◽  
And Task

Background: Task duration is a fundamental aspect of exercise, but little is known about how completed bouts of physical activity are perceived. Consequently, the purpose of the five experiments conducted for this investigation was to examine the effects of engaging in physical tasks on retrospective duration estimates with college student participants. Methods: Across the five experiments, participants were 113 college students (82 women, 31 men). In Experiments 1 and 2, participants provided duration estimates of a period spent engaging in physical activity or rest. In Experiments 3, 4, and 5, participants provided duration estimates of periods spent engaged in physical tasks of high intensity and low intensity. Results: In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, participants engaged in physical activity tended to perceive durations as shorter than participants at rest. When completing less familiar tasks (Experiments 4 and 5), however, participants recalled a high intensity bout of physical activity as lasting longer than a low intensity bout of physical activity of comparable duration. Cohen’s d values for physical activity effects on duration estimates ranged from 0.40 to 1.60. Conclusion: The findings, which partially support a contextual-change interpretation, suggest that factors, such as perceived exertion and task familiarity, affect retrospective duration estimates.

Effects of Choice and Task Preference on the Work Performance of Students with Behavior Problems

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Cole ◽  
Teresa A. Davenport ◽  
Linda M. Bambara ◽  
Christina L. Ager
Keyword(s):  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Multielement Design ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Task Preference ◽  
And Task

This investigation compared the effects of choice and assignment of preferred and nonpreferred tasks on the work performance of three students with moderate intellectual impairments and challenging behavior in a classroom setting. After assessing student task preferences, a multielement design was used to evaluate three conditions: (a) assigning a preferred task, (b) assigning a nonpreferred task, and (c) providing a choice between work tasks. Results indicated individual participant data were idiosyncratic and choice making failed to produce superior effects for any of the participants. Students' task preferences changed from preassessment to postassessment, although their nonpreferred tasks remained unchanged. Results are discussed in terms of previous research and future research needs with this student population.

Moving Toward Accurate Assessment of Working Memory in Adults With Neurogenically Based Communication Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bijoyaa Mohapatra ◽  
Jacqueline Laures-Gore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Memory Assessment ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
And Task

Purpose This article presents a viewpoint highlighting concerns regarding currently available assessments of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Additionally, we provide recommendations for improving working memory assessment in this population. Method This viewpoint includes a critique of clinical and experimental working memory tests relevant to speech-language pathologists. We consider the terminology used to describe memory, as well as discuss language demands and test construction. Results Clinical and experimental testing of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders is challenged due to theoretical, methodological, and practical limitations. The major limitations are characterized as linguistic and task demands, presentation and response modality effects, test administration, and scoring parameters. Taking these limitations into consideration, several modifications to working memory testing and their relevance to neurogenic populations are discussed. Conclusions The recommendations provided in this article can better guide clinicians and researchers to advocate for improved tests of working memory in adults with neurogenic communication disorders. Future research should continue to address these concerns and consider our recommendations.

Usability and Task Load of Applications in Augmented and Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 708-718
Author(s):  
Helena Lovasz-Bukvova ◽  
Marvin Hölzl ◽  
Gerhard Kormann-Hainzl ◽  
Thomas Moser ◽  
Tanja Zigart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Task Load ◽  
And Task

Sleep and Cannabis

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
Param Dedhia ◽  
Alison Kole
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis

With the rising interest in cannabis, the concept of medicinal cannabis for sleep has quickly grown. The chemistry of cannabis and its medicinal effects are becoming known. Within sleep science, cannabis research has noted a connection to circadian rhythm and sleep staging. Early research has looked at insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, rapid eye movement behavior disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and chronic pain. At this time, there is encouragement for future research based on available studies. However, rigorous studies are needed before the medicinal use of cannabis for sleep can be supported by medical literature. Nevertheless, cannabis is being self-administered, and patients are looking for education. The healthcare provider has a unique opportunity to partner with patients through education and guidance, making it important for medical experts to learn about cannabis.

“I Wish I Could Grow a Full Beard”: The Amateur Pogonotropher on the Beardbrand YouTube Channel

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-306
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Pogonotrophy refers to beard cultivation including growth and grooming practices. This exploratory study contributes to the little understood role of beard culture on YouTube. Scholarship examining the relationship between social media platforms such as YouTube and beard culture is almost nonexistent. This gap in the research allows us to ask the following: What sorts of content do users circulate about beards on YouTube? And, how does this content contribute to how users interact and learn about beards? A total of 62,061 user-generated comments across 310 videos featured on the Beardbrand YouTube channel were collected and examined using qualitative media analysis. Three themes emerged from an analysis of these data: the yeard quest, the ideal type, and how to beard. The findings illustrate the important role that YouTube plays in fostering contemporary beard culture. Suggestions for future research are noted.

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