Functional Allium fistulosum Centromeres Comprise Arrays of a Long Satellite Repeat, Insertions of Retrotransposons and Chloroplast DNA

Tóm tắt: Với mục tiêu đánh giá ảnh hưởng của việc bón kali đến năng suất giống hành lá tại Hương Trà, Thừa Thiên Huế, chúng tôi đã bón 4 mức kali cho cây hành giống gồm: 0, 84, 168 và 252 kg K2O/ha. Thời gian sinh trưởng của hành lá từ 105 đến 107 ngày. Liều lượng kali có ảnh hưởng đến các đặc điểm về cao cây (45,8–53,7 cm), số lá (15,8–18,9 lá/cây), đường kính lá (10,3–14,1 mm), đường kính thân (27,6–32,2 mm), và số nhánh trên cây (3,8–6,7 nhánh/cây). Việc bón bổ sung kali làm tăng số hoa chắc (131,4–154,1 hoa/bông) và hạt chắc (195,9–233,0 hạt/bông), giảm hoa lép và hạt lép, làm tăng chiều dài hạt (2,80–2,93 mm), nâng cao khối lượng của 1000 hạt (1,975–2,049 g) và năng suất hạt giống hành (362,65–425,79 kg/ha). Sâu xanh da láng và ruồi đục lá là hai đối tượng xuất hiện rất phổ biến trên cây hành giống, trong khi bệnh khô đầu lá và thối nhũn ít phổ biến hơn. Việc bón 168 kg K2O/ha và 252 kg K2O/ha có sai khác về hiệu quả kinh tế (lợi nhuận là 75,416 và 157,925 triệu đồng/ha). Nên sử dụng 138 kg N + 252 kg K2O + 112 kg P2O5 + 500 kg vôi + 15.000 kg phân chuồng /ha tại Hương Trà, Thừa Thiên Huế để nâng cao hiệu quả sản xuất giống hành.Từ khóa: hạt giống, hành lá, phân bón, Thừa Thiên Huế

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Spatial Patterns of Chloroplast DNA and Cone Morphology Variation within Populations of a Pinus banksiana-Pinus contorta Sympatric Region

The American Naturalist ◽

10.1086/285209 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 156-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

David B. Wagner ◽

Zhong-Xu Sun ◽

Diddahally R. Govindaraju ◽

Bruce P. Dancik

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Pinus Banksiana ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Cone Morphology

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Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Effects of Allium fistulosum L. and Allium sativum L. Extracts on Human Normal and Tumor Cell Lines: A Comparative Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Adrian Bogdan Țigu ◽

Cristian Silviu Moldovan ◽

Vlad-Alexandru Toma ◽

Anca Daniela Farcaș ◽

Augustin Cătălin Moț ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Allium Fistulosum ◽

Tumor Cell Lines ◽

Sensitive Cell ◽

Sensitive Cell Line ◽

Welsh Onion ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

High Concentrations

Allium sativum L. (garlic bulbs) and Allium fistulosum L. (Welsh onion leaves) showed quantitative differences of identified compounds: allicin and alliin (380 µg/mL and 1410 µg/mL in garlic; 20 µg/mL and 145 µg/mL in Welsh onion), and the phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gentisic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, kaempferol, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, and rutin). The chemical composition determined the inhibitory activity of Allium extracts in a dose-dependent manner, on human normal cells (BJ-IC50 0.8841% garlic/0.2433% Welsh onion and HaCaT-IC50 1.086% garlic/0.6197% Welsh onion) and tumor cells (DLD-1-IC50 5.482%/2.124%; MDA-MB-231-IC50 6.375%/2.464%; MCF-7-IC50 6.131%/3.353%; and SK-MES-1-IC50 4.651%/5.819%). At high concentrations, the cytotoxic activity of each extract, on normal cells, was confirmed by: the 50% of the growth inhibition concentration (IC50) value, the cell death induced by necrosis, and biochemical determination of LDH, catalase, and Caspase-3. The four tumor cell lines treated with high concentrations (10%, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25%) of garlic extract showed different sensibility, appreciated on the base of IC50 value for the most sensitive cell line (SK-MES-1), and the less sensitive (MDA-MB-231) cell line. The high concentrations of Welsh onion extract (5%, 2.5%, and 1.25%) induced pH changes in the culture medium and SK-MES-1 being the less sensitive cell line.

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Molecular variation in chloroplast DNA regions in ancestral species of wheat.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/137.3.883 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 883-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N T Miyashita ◽

N Mori ◽

K Tsunewaki

Keyword(s):

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Restriction Enzymes ◽

Triticum Dicoccoides ◽

The Other ◽

Major Type ◽

Aegilops Speltoides ◽

Triticum Timopheevi ◽

Restriction Sites ◽

D Values ◽

Chloroplast Dna Regions

Abstract Restriction map variation in two 5-6-kb chloroplast DNA regions of five diploid Aegilops species in the section Sitopsis and two wild tetraploid wheats, Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum araraticum, was investigated with a battery of four-cutter restriction enzymes. A single accession each of Triticum durum, Triticum timopheevi and Triticum aestivum was included as a reference. More than 250 restriction sites were scored, of which only seven sites were found polymorphic in Aegilops speltoides. No restriction site polymorphisms were detected in all of the other diploid and tetraploid species. In addition, six insertion/deletion polymorphisms were detected, but they were mostly unique or species-specific. Estimated nucleotide diversity was 0.0006 for A. speltoides, and 0.0000 for all the other investigated species. In A. speltoides, none of Tajima's D values was significant, indicating no clear deviation from the neutrality of molecular polymorphisms. Significant non-random association was detected for three combinations out of 10 possible pairs between polymorphic restriction sites in A. speltoides. Phylogenetic relationship among all the plastotypes (plastid genotype) suggested the diphyletic origin of T. dicoccoides and T. araraticum. A plastotype of one A. speltoides accession was identical to the major type of T. araraticum (T. timopheevi inclusively). Three of the plastotypes found in the Sitopsis species are very similar, but not identical, to that of T. dicoccoides, T. durum and T. aestivum.

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Phylogeography of Prunus armeniaca L. revealed by chloroplast DNA and nuclear ribosomal sequences

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93050-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Wen Li ◽

Li-Qiang Liu ◽

Qiu-Ping Zhang ◽

Wei-Quan Zhou ◽

Guo-Quan Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

River Valley ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Glacial Refugium ◽

Ili River Valley ◽

Wild Apricot

AbstractTo clarify the phytogeography of Prunus armeniaca L., two chloroplast DNA fragments (trnL-trnF and ycf1) and the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were employed to assess genetic variation across 12 P. armeniaca populations. The results of cpDNA and ITS sequence data analysis showed a high the level of genetic diversity (cpDNA: HT = 0.499; ITS: HT = 0.876) and a low level of genetic differentiation (cpDNA: FST = 0.1628; ITS: FST = 0.0297) in P. armeniaca. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the genetic variation in P. armeniaca occurred among individuals within populations. The value of interpopulation differentiation (NST) was significantly higher than the number of substitution types (GST), indicating genealogical structure in P. armeniaca. P. armeniaca shared genotypes with related species and may be associated with them through continuous and extensive gene flow. The haplotypes/genotypes of cultivated apricot populations in Xinjiang, North China, and foreign apricot populations were mixed with large numbers of haplotypes/genotypes of wild apricot populations from the Ili River Valley. The wild apricot populations in the Ili River Valley contained the ancestral haplotypes/genotypes with the highest genetic diversity and were located in an area considered a potential glacial refugium for P. armeniaca. Since population expansion occurred 16.53 kyr ago, the area has provided a suitable climate for the population and protected the genetic diversity of P. armeniaca.

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