scholarly journals Cation and Zn Accumulation in Brown Seeds of the Euhalophyte Suaeda salsa Improves Germination Under Saline Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianrong Guo ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
Ming Du ◽  
Huaying Tian ◽  
Baoshan Wang

Salinity inhibits plant growth due to salt ion accumulation in plant cells and reduced absorption of other nutrients such as metal ions; however halophyte plants have evolved mechanisms to survive and thrive in high-salt conditions. The euhalophyte Suaeda salsa generates dimorphic seeds (black and brown), which show marked differences in germination and seedling growth under high-salt conditions. However, it is unclear whether their ionic status differs. Here, to provide insight on the role of ions in salt tolerance, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure the ion contents in the dimorphic seeds from S. salsa plants treated with or without NaCl. We measured the macroelements Na, K, Mg, and Ca, and the microelements Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo. NaCl-treated S. salsa plants produced seeds with significantly reduced metallic element contents and significantly increased Na+ contents. The brown seeds of S. salsa plants treated with 0 and 200 mM NaCl had much higher contents of K+, Ca2+, and Fe2+ compared with the black seeds. However, the S. salsa seeds (both black and brown) from NaCl-treated plants were significantly larger, and had higher germination rate and higher seedling salt tolerance compared with seeds from plants not treated with NaCl. Interestingly, we measured significantly higher Zn2+ contents in the brown seeds from plants treated with NaCl compared with the black seeds. This suggests that the high contents of Zn2+ and other cations affected seed development and salt tolerance during germination under high-salt conditions. These observations provide insight into the mechanisms of salt tolerance in this halophyte and inform efforts to increase salt tolerance in salt-sensitive species.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Eun Sang Jung ◽  
Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar ◽  
Sung-Chul Hong ◽  
Pyong-In Yi ◽  
Seong-Ho Jang ◽  
...  

The effect of single (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L−1) and binary mixtures (0.1 + 0.1, 1 + 1, and 10 + 10 mg L−1) of metal-based nanoparticles (CdO and CuO) on the germination of Vigna radiata was studied under two humidity ranges (70% and 80%). Filter paper-based tests were conducted. The surface-sterilized seeds were exposed to CdO and CuO under controlled environmental conditions (70% and 80% humidity at 35 °C). Germination rates were scored after 24 h and 48 h. The accumulation of metals was tested in seedlings after 48 h using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Compared with 70% humidity, the germination rate was higher under 80% humidity in all tested conditions. The germination rate of the CdO + CuO treatment was less than that of the single metal exposure under both humidities (70% and 80%) at 48 h. By two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found that germination was greatly influenced by humidity. The accumulation of metal was higher in the CuO test than in the CdO test. Metal accumulation was concentration and humidity dependent, except for Cd accumulation in the CdO + CuO treatment. Here we show that the germination of seeds depends on the humidity and concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles. Understanding these strategies in seeds might help to avoid environmental and chemical stress and improve crop yield.


Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Laura M. Cole ◽  
Joshua Handley ◽  
Emmanuelle Claude ◽  
Catherine J. Duckett ◽  
Hardeep S. Mudhar ◽  
...  

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), was used to obtain images of lipids and metabolite distribution in formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin (FFPE) whole eye sections containing primary uveal melanomas (UM). Using this technique, it was possible to obtain images of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) type lipid distribution that highlighted the tumour regions. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry images (LA-ICP-MS) performed on UM sections showed increases in copper within the tumour periphery and intratumoural zinc in tissue from patients with poor prognosis. These preliminary data indicate that multi-modal MSI has the potential to provide insights into the role of trace metals and cancer metastasis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1374-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjing Cui ◽  
Hongfang Hou ◽  
Jiaojiao Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Yu ◽  
Yafei Guo ◽  
...  

A sensitive and interference-free iodine speciation analysis in high salt matrix is crucial either for the application of iodine ion-exchange adsorption removal or in brine chemical engineering industrial of caustic soda.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Lisa C. Niziolek

Although significant historical research has been done on traditional Southeast Asian kingdoms and chiefdoms, little archaeological work has been undertaken on changes in the economic systems of pre-colonial maritime societies in Asia, especially on the role of specialised craft production in the development of pre-modern complex societies. This project examines changes in the organisation of earthenware production in the prehispanic coastal polity of Tanjay in the Philippines (A.D. 500-1600). More than 250 earthenware pieces from six archaeological sites from the Tanjay region were analysed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at Chicago’s Field Museum. Ceramic samples were drawn from two residential zones in central Tanjay, an elite neighborhood and a non-elite area; two secondary settlements located several kilometers upriver; an upland, swidden farming site; and a contemporaneous, and likely competing, coastal polity 40 km down the coast from Tanjay. Initially, it was expected that changes in the pattern of earthenware production in the Tanjay region would favour one scenario or the other – either continued production at dispersed, local sites or increased specialised and centralised production. So far, however, the preliminary ceramic compositional evidence indicates that both scenarios seem to have been taking place during the centuries prior to Spanish contact. Ceramic production appears to have continued on a local level, with potters from each site making pottery to be used by nearby inhabitants, but there also is evidence that sites, such as the elite Tanjay neighborhood, began to make ceramics expressly for local consumption by elites and for foreign trade.


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