scholarly journals Effect of Urea Spray on Boll Shell Insecticidal Protein Content in Bt Cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Zhou ◽  
Zhenyu Liu ◽  
Linan Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Insecticidal Protein ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Protein ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
The Impact

Reproductive organs of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic cotton, which contribute to cotton final yield, have low insect resistant efficacy, so it is important to improve their insect resistance. This study was conducted to find out the impact of different urea spray doses on the expression of Cry1A protein in boll shell of Bt cotton (Sikang 1 and Sikang 3), and nitrogen metabolism in this process was also studied to uncover the physiological mechanism. The experiment with six urea doses was organized during peak boll stage in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that urea spray could significantly increase boll shell insecticidal protein contents in both cultivars, with the highest Bt protein content observed at 28–32 kg ha−1 urea dose. In addition, urea spray increased the contents of soluble protein and free amino acid and the activities of GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT, but decreased the activities of peptidase and protease in boll shell. Correlation analysis showed that the amount of boll shell Bt protein was positively correlated with levels of soluble protein and amino acid, and activities of GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT, but negatively correlated with peptidase and protease activities. Thus, this study demonstrated that higher protein synthesis ability and lower proteolysis ability were related to increased Bt protein content in urea-sprayed boll shell.

Amino acid composition and level affect Bt protein concentration in Bt cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eltayib. H. M. A. Abidallha ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hen Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Leila. I. M. Tambel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Protein

Effects of Waterlogging on Bt Protein Content and Nitrogen Metabolism in Square of Bt Cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan LI ◽  
Ya-Bing LI ◽  
Da-Peng HU ◽  
Jun WANG ◽  
Li HENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Protein

Environmental impact of conventional and Bt insecticidal cotton expressing one and two Cry genes in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver G. G. Knox ◽  
Greg A. Constable ◽  
Bruce Pyke ◽  
V. V. S. R. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cry Genes ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Bt Protein ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insecticide Spray

Genetically modified Bt cotton, expressing the Cry1Ac protein for specific insecticidal activity against economically significant lepidopteran pests, has been available commercially in Australia since 1996. This technology has been improved and superseded by the addition of a second gene, allowing new varieties to express both the Cry1Ac the Cry2Ab proteins. Bt cotton offers several advantages to the grower, mainly through reduced insecticide spray requirements. The environmental benefits of reduced insecticide usage are assessed in this paper using the environmental impact quotient (EIQ). The assessment included consideration of the impact of the expressed transgenic proteins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. EIQ values of the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins were calculated at 9.9 and 7.9, respectively. Bt protein expression, plant biomass, insecticide application records, constituent of active ingredient, and insecticide EIQ values were used to produce an environmental impact (EI) value for insecticide use (kg a.i./ha) for conventional non-GM and single- and 2-gene Bt cotton for the 1997–98 to 2003–04 seasons. Inclusion of the Cry proteins in the assessment increased the EI values for Bt cotton by only 2%. The average insecticide EI value, for 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons, for conventional cotton was 135 kg a.i./ha, whereas for the 2-gene Bt variety it was only 28 kg a.i./ha. Results of the EI evaluation indicate that, due to changes in insecticidal choice and reduction in usage, there was a reduction of >64% in EI from growing Bt cotton compared with conventional non-GM cotton in Australia.

scholarly journals Increasing plant density increases Bt toxin concentration of boll wall in cotton by decreasing boll setting speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyuan ZHOU ◽  
Chen CHEN ◽  
Leila I. M. TAMBEL ◽  
Yuan CHEN ◽  
Xiang ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Toxin Concentration ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Bt Protein ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Late Developmental Stage

Abstract Background In order to uncover the mechanism of significantly reduced insect resistance at the late developmental stage in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the relationship between boll setting rate under different planting densities and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal concentrations in the boll wall were investigated in the present study. Two studies were arranged at Yangzhou, China during the 2017–2018 cotton growth seasons. Five planting densities (15 000, 25 000, 45 000, 60 000 and 75 000 plants per hectare) and the flower-removal treatment were imposed separately on Bt cotton cultivar Sikang3 to arrange different boll setting rates, and the boll setting rates and Bt toxin content were compared. Results Higher boll setting rate together with lower Bt toxin contents in boll wall was observed under low planting density, whereas lower boll setting rate and higher Bt toxin contents were found under high planting density. Also, higher Bt protein concentration was associated with higher soluble protein content, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities, but lower amino acid content, and protease and peptidase activities. It was further confirmed that a higher boll setting rate with lower Bt protein content under flower-removal. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the insecticidal efficacy of boll walls was significantly impacted by boll formation. Reduced protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation were related to the reduced Bt toxin concentration.

Exogenous Hormones Affect Bt Protein Content of Two Bt Cotton Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 3076-3083
Author(s):  
Zhang Xiang ◽  
Tian Q. Feng ◽  
Zhao Chen ◽  
Ma Y. Xin ◽  
Wei C. Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Exogenous Hormones ◽  
Bt Protein

Planting density and leaf-square regulation affected square size and number contributing to altered insecticidal protein content in Bt cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Yabing Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Eltayib H.M.A. Abidallha ◽  
Dapeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Insecticidal Protein ◽  
Bt Cotton

scholarly journals The impact of different agroecological conditions on the nutritional composition of quinoa seeds

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Reguera ◽  
Carlos Manuel Conesa ◽  
Alejandro Gil-Gómez ◽  
Claudia Mónika Haros ◽  
Miguel Ángel Pérez-Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Quinoa cultivation has been expanded around the world in the last decade and is considered an exceptional crop with the potential of contributing to food security worldwide. The exceptional nutritional value of quinoa seeds relies on their high protein content, their amino acid profile that includes a good balance of essential amino acids, the mineral composition and the presence of antioxidants and other important nutrients such as fiber or vitamins. Although several studies have pointed to the influence of different environmental stresses in certain nutritional components little attention has been paid to the effect of the agroecological context on the nutritional properties of the seeds what may strongly impact on the consumer food’s quality. Thus, aiming to evaluate the effect of the agroecological conditions on the nutritional profile of quinoa seeds we analyzed three quinoa cultivars (Salcedo-INIA, Titicaca and Regalona) at different locations (Spain, Peru and Chile). The results revealed that several nutritional parameters such as the amino acid profile, the protein content, the mineral composition and the phytate amount in the seeds depend on the location and cultivar while other parameters such as saponin or fiber were more stable across locations. Our results support the notion that nutritional characteristics of seeds may be determined by seed’s origin and further analysis are needed to define the exact mechanisms that control the changes in the seeds nutritional properties.

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