Magnesium Fertilization Affected Rice Yields in Magnesium Sufficient Soil in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China

Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in rice yield. Heilongjiang Province is the main rice-producing region of China, playing an important role in guaranteeing China's and the world's grain security. However, rarely Mg fertilization is applied in this province. Soil Mg status of main rice-producing areas in Heilongjiang Province was investigated and Mg fertilizer experiments were conducted aiming to provide fertilizer recommendation in this region. A total of 358 soil samples from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layer from the main rice-producing areas of Heilongjiang Province were collected to analyze soil exchangeable Mg (ex-Mg) and relative chemical properties. Meanwhile, field experiments of soil and foliar Mg application were performed in 2017–2019 to identify the effect of this nutrient on rice yield. The results showed that the ex-Mg concentration in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layer was 282 mg kg−1 and 243 mg kg−1, respectively. Moreover, ex-Mg ranged on the abundant and exceptionally abundant level accounted for 75% in 0–20 cm and 55.3% in 20–40 cm. The ex-Mg concentration in the upper soil layer was higher than in the lower soil layer and varied depending on regions, which the west part of Heilongjiang Province showed the highest concentration in both soil layers. Correlation analysis showed that there had a significant (P < 0.05) linear relationship between ex-Mg and pH, CEC, ex-K, Ca, K/Mg, and Ca/Mg. Meanwhile, the results of path coefficients demonstrated that pH, CEC, and Ca/Mg had the most direct effect on ex-Mg concentration among these above factors. Soil Mg application had little effect on rice yield, which might be related to the soil Mg concentration and availability, and root uptake activity. Foliar Mg application increased rice yield by 8.45% (P < 0.05) compared to without Mg treatment, increased 1,000-grain weight by 2.62% (P < 0.05), and spikelet number per panicle by 4.19% (P < 0.05). In general, the paddy soil ex-Mg concentration in Heilongjiang Province was abundant. Soil-applied Mg played little role in rice yield in ex-Mg abundant regions, while foliar application increased rice yields significantly via increasing 1,000-grain weight and spikelet number per panicle.

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Peningkatan Produktivitas Tanaman Padi Sawah Melalui Pemupukan Kompos dan NPK

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2019.v09.i02.p08 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

I GUSTI PUTU RATNA ADI ◽

I NYOMAN PUJA

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Npk Fertilizers ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Total P ◽

Npk Fertilization

Increased Rice Crop Productivity Through Compost and NPK Fertilization. The aims of this research was to study response of compost and NPK fertilizers to the soil chemical properties and rice yield. The method used was a factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor was compost Fertilizer (B) consists of 2 levels, namely: B0 = Without compost fertilizer and B1 = 5 ton compost fertilizer ha-1. The second factors was NPK national recomendation (P) consists of 3 levels, namely: P1 = 50% of NPK recommendation, P2 = 100% of NPK recommendation and P3 = 150% of NPK recommendation. The results showed that the treatment of compost and NPK fertilizers gave no significant effect on tillers number clumb-1 and dry straw weight/m2 , but gave a significant effect on N, P, K and dry grain weight/m2. The combination of 5 tons of compost/ha and 150% of NPK recommendation can produce N-total, P-available level, K-available and dry grain weight per m2 respectively 0.35%, 13.79 ppm, 355, 21 ppm and 0.96 kg and significantly higher than the combination of 50% NPK recommendation and without compost, which were 0.26%, 8.21 ppm, 236.10 ppm and 0.69 kg respectively.

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Growth and Productivity Response of Rice to Applied Zinc and Organic Manure

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5343 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

T Muthukumararaja ◽

M V Sriramachandrasekharan

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Rice Yields ◽

The Impact

The objective of this research was to find out the impact of zinc and organic fertilization on the productivity of rice. Two separate field experiments were conducted in a zinc deficient soil belonging to Typic Haplusterts and Typic Ustifluvents during Rabi 2011-2012. The results revealed that grain and straw yield was significantly enhanced on addition of zinc or organics or both over control in both soils. The rice yield increased with zinc doses and maximum yields was noticed with 5 mg Zn kg-1 and declined at 7.5 mg Zn kg-1. While addition of poultry manure recorded the maximum rice yields and was on par with vermicompost. However the highest grain yield (6103, 6344 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8369, 8459 kg ha-1) was recorded with application of 5 mg Zn kg-1 and poultry manure in Vertisol and Entisol respectively. Similarly, addition of 5.0 mg Zn kg-1 along with poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 registered the highest growth traits it was comparable with vermicompost at same level of zinc, but superior to other treatment combination.

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No-till and integrated crop-livestock system ensure high rice yield through soil fertility improvement of Brazilian lowlands

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11778 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira Denardin ◽

Amanda Posselt Martins ◽

Tales Tiecher ◽

Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho ◽

Abad Chabbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Winter Season ◽

Summer Season ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

No Tillage ◽

Flooded Rice ◽

Rice Yields

Lowland soils represent 4 to 6% of the earth's surface, covering an area of 7 to 9 million km2. Most of these areas can be used for flooded rice cultivation, as a paddy field. These soils commonly have low fertility due to the traditional flooded rice cultivation systems, which are based on intensive soil tillage and rice monocropping. On the other hand, soil conservation management systems, such as no-tillage and integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) may increase the soil fertility and consequently improve rice yield. In lowlands, these practices are contributing to sustainable soil management. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate soil fertility properties by measuring soil organic matter (SOM) and soil available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents, five years after the adoption of different paddy-farming systems in an Albaqualf soil. The long-term ICLS experiment is located in Cristal county, Rio Grande do Sul State, in Southern Brazil. The systems consisted of two ICLS under no-tillage (NT), in comparison to the traditional system (S1) of flooded rice cultivation under soil disturbance, rice monocropping, and winter fallow. The ICLS systems were based in: rice cultivation in summer season and pasture (annual ryegrass) with cattle grazing in winter season (S2), and crop rotation (rice and soybean) in summer season and livestock production in winter season (S3). In 2013, at the beginning of the experiment, and after five years (2018), soil samples were collected in the 0&#8211;10 and 10&#8211;20 cm layers, and then the SOM, and available P and K contents were analyzed. Regarding the rice yield, S2 and S3 always had higher rice yields than S1. The S2 and S3 showed increases in yields of 8.9 and 16.4% in relation to S1, with average yields of 11.3 and 12.1 Mg ha-1, respectively. In addition to S3 having the highest rice yields, it also had high soybean yields for lowland environment in the period evaluated, with an average of 3.8 Mg ha-1. After five years, S2 and S3 increased SOM contents by 27% and 50%, respectively, in the 0&#8211;20 cm soil layer. Similar behavior was verified in available P, with decrease of 4.6 mg dm-3 in S1 and increase of 16.0 mg dm-3 in the S3 compared to the initial evaluation. The available K content was higher in S3 (79.3 mg dm-3), followed by S2 (68.1 mg dm-3) and S1 (59.5 mg dm-3) on average of two years evaluated, in the 0&#8211;10 cm soil layer. Therefore, the results shows that NT adoption, combined with crop rotation and ICLS, improve soil fertility attributes, which results in high rice yields over time, reaching the sustainable intensification of lowlands.

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Study of Effects of Different Fertigation Modes on Soil Profile Nitrogen Distribution and Rice Yield

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2469 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 2469-2475

Author(s):

Guan Xi Zhu ◽

Xiao Hou Shao ◽

Yuan Yuan Li ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Qi Jin Wu

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Effect Analysis ◽

Conventional Irrigation

Field experiments were conducted for controlled and mid-gathering irrigation mode in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, focusing on the effect analysis of this mode with different fertilizations on profile soil total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen distributions and rice yield compared with the conventional irrigation mode. Results obtained showed that both total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen in soil profile were decreased with the increase of soil depth. Fast decrement of total nitrogen was found from surface 0-20 cm of soil layer and it reached the plateau below 40 cm of soil layer. Under the same fertilizer application, both total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen in surface soil layer were lower under controlled and mid-gathering irrigation mode which reduced the loss risks of runoff and leaching of soil and fertilizer nitrogen. Controlled and mid-gathering irrigation reduced water comsumption and N pollutant discharge without significant changes in rice yield compared with conventional irrigation. Conjunction of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the rice yield and utilization rate of nitrogen.

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Soil chemical characteristics and yield of red rice under aerobic irrigation system as affected by intercropping with peanut and application of organic wastes on permanent raised-beds

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 913 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

I G M Kusnarta ◽

D Rahmadhanti ◽

N W D Dulur ◽

W Wangiyana

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Red Rice ◽

Two Factors

Abstract Intercropping with peanuts was reported to increase yield of cereal crops. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of peanut-intercropping and organic waste application on some soil chemical characteristics and red-rice yield under aerobic irrigation systems. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2020 in West Lombok (Indonesia), under Split Plot design, testing two factors, namely intercropping (T1=monocropped rice; T2=rice+peanut intercropping) in the main plots, and organic waste application (L0=without organic waste, L1=application of rice husk, L2=rice husk ash, L3=rice husk ash and cattle manure) in the subplots. Results showed that intercropping did not affect soil chemical properties but it significantly increased number of panicles and filled-grains, 100 grain weight, and grain yield of red rice per clump (31.27 g/clump under monocrop and 41.50 g/clump under intercropping with peanut). In contrast, organic waste application significantly influenced soil chemical characteristics and red-rice yield (the highest yield of 43.52 g/clump under L3). The significant interaction between factors on 100 grain weight indicated that the highest weight (2.89 g) was on intercropped red-rice under L3 treatment and the lowest one (2.18 g) was on monocropped red-rice under L2 treatment.

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Speciation Variation and Bio-Activation of Soil Heavy Metals (Cd and Cr) in Rice-Rape Rotation Lands in Karst Regions

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1364

Author(s):

Jiachun Zhang ◽

Guiting Mu ◽

Zhenming Zhang ◽

Xianfei Huang ◽

Hui Fang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

High Background ◽

Exchangeable Fraction ◽

Karst Areas ◽

Soil Cd

Heavy metals in soil are in a high background state in Karst areas, and agricultural activities will affect the bioactivity of heavy metals. The heavy metal (Cd and Cr) bioactivity and their activation effects in rice-rape rotation lands in Karst areas were studied based on field experiments and laboratory analysis, and the influencing factors of heavy metal activity were analyzed based on the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results suggest that the residual fraction was the largest and the exchangeable fraction was the smallest for both Cr and Cd in rice-rape rotation lands in Karst areas. During the rice-rape rotation process, Cd and Cr tended to be released from the residual fraction and transformed into the other four fractions. The fractions with high bioactivity, including the exchangeable fraction and carbonate fraction, increased to different degrees. Rice-rape rotation could activate the activity of soil Cd and Cr in Karst areas. It is also revealed that the activity of soil Cd and Cr in Karst areas was closely associated with soil pH and electric potential (Eh). In the 0–20 cm soil layer, Cr showed a significant negative correlation with pH (r = −0.69, p < 0.05), while both Cr and Cd showed significant negative correlations with Eh, and the correlation coefficients were −0.85 (p < 0.01) and −0.83 (p < 0.01), respectively. In the 20–40 cm soil layer, Cr showed significant negative correlations with Eh, and the correlation coefficient was −0.95 (p < 0.01). No significant correlation between the activity of soil Cd and Cr and soil mechanical composition was observed. This study revealed that special attention should be paid to changes in pH and Eh in consideration of heavy metal activity in the rice-rape rotation process.

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Soil chemical properties as affected by tillage and crop rotation in a long-term field experiment

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/879/2013-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Neugschwandtner RW ◽

P. Liebhard ◽

Kaul H-P ◽

H. Wagentristl

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Term Field

Long-term field experiments are important for explaining tillage and rotation effects on soil fertility and to develop sustainable nutrient management strategies. An experiment was established in 1996 in Raasdorf (Austria) on chernozem with four tillage treatments (mouldboard ploughing (MP); no-till; deep conservation tillage and shallow conservation tillage) and two crop rotations. Soil samples were taken in November 2003 from 10 cm soil layers down to 40 cm to assess the effects on pH, carbonate content (CaCO3), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (Nt), potentially mineralizable N (PMN) and plant-available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Soil pH and CaCO3 were not affected by soil tillage. SOC, Nt, PMN, P and K increased in the uppermost soil layer with reduced tillage intensity. SOC, Nt, P and K were more evenly distributed in MP whereas a generally higher decline downwards the soil profile was observed with lower tillage intensity. Lower tillage intensity resulted in a decrease of P and K in 30–40 cm. Rotation affected pH and K distribution in the soil whereas the other parameters were not affected.

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Applying mixed manure and inorganic phosphorus fertiliser to improve rice yield on acid sulfate soil (Hydraquentic Sulfaquept)

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr03082 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 693 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Do Thi Thanh Ren ◽

Tran Kim Tinh ◽

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Minh ◽

Tran Ba Linh

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Acid Sulfate Soil ◽

Acid Sulfate ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Rice Yields ◽

P Fraction

In order to improve the yield of rice cultivated on acid sulfate soil, 2 field experiments and 1 pot experiment were conducted continuously for 5 and 2 crops, respectively (1997–2000), in Tri Ton district, An Giang province, Vietnam. Soil for the pot experiment was taken from the 2 field experiments to study the residual effect on phosphorus availability. Both organic and inorganic phosphorus had a possitive effect on the rice yield. Compared with the treatments being fertilised at the same doses of P, a significantly higher yield was obtained in the treatment of mixed inorganic P fertiliser and manure. This effect was found only in the first crop. From the second crop onward, rice yields were not different among treatments (mixed fertilisers, inorganic P fertiliser, and manure only). Manure-only treatment resulted in rice yield equal to the treatment with 60 kg P2O5 in the form of superphosphate. Supplying phosphorus in both organic and inorganic forms over several crops resulted in an accumulation of phosphorus in soil, which became available for rice growth in the following crop season. Adding P fertiliser modified the P fraction in acid sulfate soil mainly to the form of Fe-P.

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Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION ◽

10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-2-173-185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 173-185

Author(s):

Lyubov K. Altunina ◽

◽

Vladimir P. Burkov ◽

Petr V. Burkov ◽

Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Microflora ◽

Russian Arctic ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Trunk Pipeline ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

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Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4201-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

M. Birkás ◽

T. Szalai ◽

C. Gyuricza ◽

M. Gecse ◽

K. Bordás

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Perennial Weeds ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Set Up ◽

Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

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