scholarly journals Use of Transcriptomic Analyses to Elucidate the Mechanism Governing Nodal Root Development in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Haoyan Zhao ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Junqin Zong ◽  
Jianjian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Eremochloa Ophiuroides

Centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] is a perennial warm-season grass that originated in China, and its speed of nodal rooting is important for lawn establishment. In our study, centipedegrass nodal rooting ability was limited by node aging. Transcriptome sequencing of nodal roots after 0, 2, 4, and 8 days of water culture was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of root development. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of DEGs indicated that plant hormone signal transduction and transcription factors might play important roles in centipedegrass nodal root growth. Among them, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases participated in multiple hormone signal transduction pathways and interacted with transcription factors. Furthermore, an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase EoSINAT5 overexpressed in rice resulted in longer roots and more numerous root tips, while knockout of LOC_Os07g46560 (the homologous gene of EoSINAT5 in rice) resulted in shorter roots and fewer root tips. These results indicated that EoSINAT5 and its homologous gene are able to promote nodal root development. This research presents the transcriptomic analyses of centipedegrass nodal roots, and may contribute to elucidating the mechanism governing the development of nodal roots and facilitates the use of molecular breeding in improving rooting ability.

scholarly journals The molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance of human glioblastomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Alexandr Chernov ◽  
Irina Baldueva ◽  
Tatyana Nekhaeva ◽  
Elvira Galimova ◽  
Diana Alaverdian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Signal Transduction Proteins

In review discusses the phenomenon of drug resistance of GB in the context of the expression of ABC family transporter proteins and the processes of proliferation, angiogenesis, recurrence and death. The emphasis is on the identifying for molecular targets among growth factors, receptors, signal transduction proteins, microRNAs, transcription factors, proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and their polymorphic variants (SNPs) for the development and creation of targeted anticancer drugs.

Root development in seedlings of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) sown onto the soil surface

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Axial Resistance

The effects of surface-sowing on root type, number and xylem radius were studied in relation to the seedling growth and survival of ryegrass and phalaris. Under optimal conditions in a growth cabinet, both species produced primary and lateral seminal roots, nodal roots and, in the absence of light, a subcoleoptile internode (s.c.i.). Phalaris had fewer lateral seminal roots and, in this species, internodal roots occurred along the s.c.i. Surface placement per se had no effect on any of the measured parameters of root development, but surface drying prevented nodal root primordia from extending, even when plants were otherwise supplied with water. This effect of surface drying on nodal root development was confirmed in a glasshouse study using undisturbed soil cores (30 by 60 cm) to simulate field conditions. Phalaris was less likely than ryegrass to produce nodal roots after surface sowing. The effective xylem radius (re) of the primary seminal root was 7.9 �m in ryegrass and 11.6 �m in phalaris. Calculations using the Poiseuille equation indicated that the axial resistance to water flow through these roots would greatly restrict seedling water uptake and growth in the absence of other roots. Lateral seminal roots and internodal roots had small vessels which could not significantly reduce the axial resistance to flow. Good seedling water relations in both species therefore depend on early development of the nodal roots which contain large xylem vessels (re > 16 �m). It was concluded that the effect of soil-surface drying on nodal root development was likely to account for some cases of poor vigour and survival of surface-sown grasses.

scholarly journals An Efficient Method to Identify Conditionally Activated Transcription Factors and their Corresponding Signal Transduction Pathway Segments

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BBI.S3485
Author(s):  
Haiyan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Protein Interaction Data ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Microarray Datasets

A signal transduction pathway (STP) is a cascade composed of a series of signal transferring steps, which often activate one or more transcription factors (TFs) to control the transcription of target genes. Understanding signaling pathways is important to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease. Many condition-annotated pathways have been deposited in public databases. However, condition-annotated pathways are far from complete, considering the large number of possible conditions. Computational methods to assist in the identification of conditionally activated pathways are greatly needed. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to identify conditionally activated pathway segments starting from the identification of conditionally activated TFs, by incorporating protein-DNA binding data, gene expression data and protein interaction data. Applying our methods on several microarray datasets, we have discovered many significantly activated TFs and their corresponding pathway segments, which are supported by evidence in the literature.

scholarly journals A Molecular Framework for Plant Regeneration

Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 311 (5759) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Hugo Hofhuis ◽  
Renze Heidstra ◽  
Michael Sauer ◽  
Jiří Friml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Stem Cell ◽  
Regeneration Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Molecular Framework

Plants and some animals have a profound capacity to regenerate organs from adult tissues. Molecular mechanisms for regeneration have, however, been largely unexplored. Here we investigate a local regeneration response in Arabidopsis roots. Laser-induced wounding disrupts the flow of auxin—a cell-fate–instructive plant hormone—in root tips, and we demonstrate that resulting cell-fate changes require the PLETHORA, SHORTROOT, and SCARECROW transcription factors. These transcription factors regulate the expression and polar position of PIN auxin efflux–facilitating membrane proteins to reconstitute auxin transport in renewed root tips.Thus, a regeneration mechanism using embryonic root stem-cell patterning factors first responds to and subsequently stabilizes a new hormone distribution.

Rhizotaxis Modulation in Arabidopsis Is Induced by Diffusible Compounds Produced during the Cocultivation of Arabidopsis and the Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-850
Author(s):  
Aoi Inaji ◽  
Atsushi Okazawa ◽  
Taiki Taguchi ◽  
Masatoshi Nakamoto ◽  
Nao Katsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Gus Expression ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Auxin Response ◽  
Root Tips

Abstract Rhizotaxis is established under changing environmental conditions via periodic priming of lateral root (LR) initiation at the root tips and adaptive LR formation along the primary root (PR). In contrast to the adaptable LR formation in response to nutrient availability, there is little information on root development during interactions with beneficial microbes. The Arabidopsis root system is characteristically modified upon colonization by the root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica, accompanied by a marked stimulation of LR formation and the inhibition of PR growth. This root system modification has been attributed to endophyte-derived indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, it has yet to be clearly explained how fungal IAA affects the intrinsic LR formation process. In this study, we show that diffusible compounds (chemical signals) other than IAA are present in the coculture medium of Arabidopsis and S. indica and induce auxin-responsive DR5::GUS expression in specific sections within the pericycle layer. The DR5::GUS expression was independent of polar auxin transport and the major IAA biosynthetic pathways, implicating unidentified mechanisms responsible for the auxin response and LR formation. Detailed metabolite analysis revealed the presence of multiple compounds that induce local auxin responses and LR formation. We found that benzoic acid (BA) cooperatively acted with exogenous IAA to generate a local auxin response in the pericycle layer, suggesting that BA is one of the chemical signals involved in adaptable LR formation. Identification and characterization of the chemical signals will contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptable root development and to unconventional technologies for sustainable agriculture.

Arteriogenesis: A focus on signal transduction cascades and transcription factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 940-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Deindl
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Early Growth Response ◽  
Collateral Artery ◽  
Early Growth Response 1 ◽  
Serum Response ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

SummaryIn recent years intensive investigations have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis), a process designed by nature to compensate the devastating consequences of major arterial occlusions. Currently, a variety of gene products as well as signal transduction pathways involved in arteriogenesis have been identified. However, it is still not clear how the progression of cellular signals evoked by an increased blood flow and therefore mechanical stress proceeds. Literature research identified the transcription factors early growth response-1 (Egr-1) as well as serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) as liaisons connecting the key pathways of arteriogenesis, i.e.the Rho-kinase pathway and the MEK/ERK pathway, with each other as well as with downstream genes.

Impact of Natural Dietary Agents on Multiple Myeloma Prevention and Treatment: Molecular Insights and Potential for Clinical Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Raimondi ◽  
Angela De Luca ◽  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
Agnese Barone ◽  
Pierosandro Tagliaferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dietary Agents

: Chemoprevention is based on the use of non-toxic, pharmacologically active agents to prevent tumor progression. In this regard, natural dietary agents have been described by the most recent literature as promising tools for controlling onset and progression of malignancies. Extensive research has been so far performed to shed light on the effects of natural products on tumor growth and survival, disclosing the most relevant signal transduction pathways targeted by such compounds. Overall, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of dietary agents on tumor cells are supported either by results from epidemiological or animal studies and even by clinical trials. : Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells and subsequent hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, or bone disease, which remains incurable despite novel emerging therapeutic strategies. Notably, increasing evidence supports the capability of dietary natural compounds to antagonize multiple myeloma growth in preclinical models of the disease, underscoring their potential as candidate anti-cancer agents. : In this review, we aim at summarizing findings on the anti-tumor activity of dietary natural products, focusing on their molecular mechanisms, which include inhibition of oncogenic signal transduction pathways and/or epigenetic modulating effects, along with their potential clinical applications against multiple myeloma and its related bone disease.

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