scholarly journals BZR1 Regulates Brassinosteroid-Mediated Activation of AMT1;2 in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Depeng Yuan ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Yuan Hu Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
Genetic Combination

Although it is known that brassinosteroids (BRs) play pleiotropic roles in plant growth and development, their roles in plant nutrient uptake remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that BRs directly regulate ammonium uptake by activating the expression of rice AMT1-type genes. Exogenous BR treatment upregulated both AMT1;1 and AMT1;2 expression, while this induction was impaired in the BR-receptor gene BRI1 mutant d61-1. We then focused on brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), a central hub of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrating the important role of this signaling pathway in regulating AMT1 expression and rice roots NH4+ uptake. The results showed that BR-induced expression of AMT1;2 was suppressed in BZR1 RNAi plants but was increased in bzr1-D, a gain-of-function BZR1 mutant. Further EMSA and ChIP analyses showed that BZR1 bound directly to the BRRE motif located in the promoter region of AMT1;2. Moreover, cellular ammonium contents, 15NH4+ uptake, and the regulatory effect of methyl-ammonium on root growth are strongly dependent on the levels of BZR1. Overexpression lines of BRI1 and BZR1 and Genetic combination of them mutants showed that BZR1 activates AMT1;2 expression downstream of BRI1. In conclusion, the findings suggest that BRs regulation of NH4+ uptake in rice involves transcription regulation of ammonium transporters.

Ammonium transport: unifying concepts and unique aspects

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Dommelen ◽  
René de Mot ◽  
Jos Vanderleyden
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Transport ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
Living Organisms

This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 Ammonium uptake by cells has been studied for more than a century, but only recently a family of ammonium transporters (Mep/Amt) with 10–12 transmembrane domains has been defined. These proteins are probably ubiquitous, since homologues have been found in the major kingdoms of living organisms. Plants as well as yeast and some archaebacteria have multiple Mep/Amt paralogues, which can be distinguished by their affinity for ammonium and the ammonium analogue methylammonium. Most ammonium transporters are induced in nitrogen-starving conditions, both in prokaryotes and plants. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Azospirillum brasilense Mep/Amt proteins where shown to be necessary for growth when the external concentration of the diffusive ammonium form (NH3) becomes limiting. Ammonium transporters also play an important role in pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast and efficient symbiotic interaction between Rhizobium etli and its host plant. In most bacteria, NH4+ transport appears to be a uniport mechanism driven by the membrane potential, but, depending on the organism, a different mode of ammonium uptake may be operating. Current knowledge offers the basis to investigate further the physiological role of ammonium transporters in the natural habitat of organisms and their importance in plant–bacteria interactions.

scholarly journals A Role of Cytokinin Transporter in Arabidopsis Immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Leiyun Yang ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Immune Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mutant ◽  
Induced Defense Responses

The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is not only essential for plant growth and development but also impacts plant immunity. A mutant screen in a constitutively active plant immune receptor mutant snc1 (suppressor of npr1, constitutive1) identified a suppressor mutation of SNC1-induced defense responses in an ABC transporter coding gene ABCG14. ABCG14 transports CK from roots to the shoots, and the suppression of the SNC1-mediated defense response by the loss of ABCG14 is due to a deficiency of trans-zeatin (tZ)-type CK in the shoot. In addition, exogenous application of the tZ-type CK enhances disease resistance associated with increased expression of the plant immune receptor gene SNC1. Taken together, this study further established the role of tZ-type CK in disease resistance and suggests a new intersection of CKs with plant immunity at the expression regulation of a plant immune receptor gene.

scholarly journals NH4+-mediated Protein Phosphorylation in Rice Roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Zhu ◽  
Wan Hui Cai ◽  
Jin Hee Jung ◽  
Yuan Hu Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
N Source ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Important Evidence

Abstract NH4+ is an important N-source which regulates plant growth and development. However, the underlying mechanism of NH4+ uptake and its-mediated signaling is poorly understood. Here, we performed phosphoproteomic studies using the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated phosphopeptides collection method together with LC-MS analysis. The results indicated that phosphorylation levels of 23 and 43 peptides/proteins involved in diverse aspects, including metabolism, transport and signaling pathway, were decreased and increased respectively after NH4+ treatment in rice roots. Among 23 proteins detected, IDD10, a key transcription factor in ammonium signaling, was identified to reduce phosphorylation level of S313 residue. Further biochemical analysis using IDD10-GFP transgenic plants and immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that NH4+ supply reduces IDD10 phosphorylation level. Phosphorylation of ammonium transporter 1;1 (AMT1;1) was increased upon NH4+ treatment. Interestingly, phosphorylation of T446, a rice specific residue against Arabidopsis was identified. It was also established that phosphorylation of T452 is conserved with T460 of Arabidopsis AMT1;1. Yeast complementation assay with transformation of phosphomimic forms of AMT1;1 (T446/D and T452/D) into 31019b strain revealed that phosphorylation at T446 and T452 residues abolished AMT1;1 activity, while their plasma membrane localization was not changed. Our analyses show that many proteins were phosphorylated or dephosphorylated by NH4+ that may provide important evidence for studying ammonium uptake and its mediated signaling by which rice growth and development are regulated.

scholarly journals Ammonium and nitrate regulate NH4+ uptake activity of Arabidopsis ammonium transporter AtAMT1;3 via phosphorylation at multiple C-terminal sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (18) ◽  
pp. 4919-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Wu ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Yongjian Zhang ◽  
Fengying Duan ◽  
Benjamin Neuhäuser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Ammonium Transporter ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Arabidopsis Root ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
Uptake Activity

Abstract In plants, nutrient transporters require tight regulation to ensure optimal uptake in complex environments. The activities of many nutrient transporters are post-translationally regulated by reversible phosphorylation, allowing rapid adaptation to variable environmental conditions. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis root epidermis-expressed ammonium transporter AtAMT1;3 was dynamically (de-)phosphorylated at multiple sites in the cytosolic C-terminal region (CTR) responding to ammonium and nitrate signals. Under ammonium resupply rapid phosphorylation of a Thr residue (T464) in the conserved part of the CTR (CTRC) effectively inhibited AtAMT1;3-dependent NH4+ uptake. Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr (T494), one of three phosphorylation sites in the non-conserved part of the CTR (CRTNC), moderately decreased the NH4+ transport activity of AtAMT1;3, as deduced from functional analysis of phospho-mimic mutants in yeast, oocytes, and transgenic Arabidopsis. Double phospho-mutants indicated a role of T494 in fine-tuning the NH4+ transport activity when T464 was non-phosphorylated. Transient dephosphorylation of T494 with nitrate resupply closely paralleled a transient increase in ammonium uptake. These results suggest that T464 phosphorylation at the CTRC acts as a prime switch to prevent excess ammonium influx, while T494 phosphorylation at the CTRNC fine tunes ammonium uptake in response to nitrate. This provides a sophisticated regulatory mechanism for plant ammonium transporters to achieve optimal ammonium uptake in response to various nitrogen forms.

285: The Role of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Interstitial Cystitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Rackley ◽  
Mei Kuang ◽  
Ashwin A. Vaze ◽  
Joseph Abdelmalak ◽  
Sandip P. Vasavada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cystitis ◽  
Signaling Pathway

417: The Human Androgen Receptor Gene is a Primary Target of the WNT Signaling Pathway

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Ralph Buttyan ◽  
Xuezhen Yang ◽  
Min-Wei Chen ◽  
Debra L. Bemis ◽  
Mitchell C. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Human Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Human Androgen Receptor

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

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