scholarly journals Nutrient Dosing Framework for an Emission-Free Urban Hydroponic Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae In Ahn ◽  
Jai-Eok Park ◽  
Je Hyeong Jung ◽  
Sang Min Kim ◽  
Gyhye Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The urban hydroponic production system is accelerating industrialization in step with the potentials for reducing environmental impact. In contrast, establishing sustainable fertilizer dosing techniques still lags behind the pace of expansion of the system. The reproducibility of root-zone nutrient dynamics in the system is poorly understood, and managing nutrients has so far primarily relied on periodic discharge or dumping of highly concentrated nutrient solutions. Here, we assayed root-zone nutrient concentration changes using three possible nutrient dosing types. Three Brassica species were hydroponically cultivated in a controlled environment to apply the nutrient absorption and transpiration parameters to the simulation analysis. We found that nutrient dosing based on total ion concentration could provide more reproducible root-zone nutrient dynamics. Our findings highlight the nutrient absorption parameter domain in management practice. This simplifies conventional nutrient management into an optimization problem. Collectively, our framework can be extended to fertilizer-emission-free urban hydroponic production.

Ion concentration changes observed in drizzling rains

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Minoura ◽  
Yasunobu Iwasaka
Keyword(s):  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes

scholarly journals Tuber yield and nutrient balance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivation as influenced by different nutrients management under AEZ-28

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-659
Author(s):  
MAHS Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
NCD Barma ◽  
MNA Mondal ◽  
MNS Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Wheat Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08. The objectives were to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on tuber yield, nutrient balance and economics of potato cultivation. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16-91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg ha-1 CDNPKSZnB for potato. The highest tuber yield of potato was obtained from STB+CRI (27.64 t ha-1) followed by IPNS+CRI (27.35 t ha-1), STB (27.10 t ha-1), IPNS (26.83 t ha-1), HYG+CRI (26.52 t ha-1) and HYG (26.10 t ha-1) in 2006- 07. Similar trend was found in 2007-08. The highest tuber yield and yield contributing parameters were noticed in CRI plots than without CRI. Except N, remaining nutrient balance like P K S Zn and B were found positive in case of HYG, MYG, IPNS and STB along with or without CRI nutrient managements. The balance was found almost negative in case of FP and CON. The highest BCR was observed in STB+CRI (3.96) followed by STB (3.93), IPNS+CRI (3.76), and IPNS (3.74). The higher gross return (Tk. 283331 ha-1) and also gross margin (Tk. 211761 ha-1) was observed from the same treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i4.22544 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(4): 641-659, December 2014

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE VARIABILITY OF COPPER AND ZINC IN LEAF AND SOIL OF OIL PALM PLANTED ON A 12 HA LAND USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Idris Abu Seman ◽  
Sivakumar Balasundram
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Geospatial Information

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important economic tree crops in the tropic. However, more than 95 % of oil palms grown in Southeast Asia are on acid, low fertility and highly weathered soils. Optimum value of micronutrients in the soil was required to enhance the efficiency of use of macro-nutrients. Hence, to observe and predict the fertility status of the oil palm plantation area, a 12 hectare study site was used and a total of 60 geo-referenced soil and leaf samples were collected for determinations of pH and selected micronutrients of Cu and Zn content. The data were explored and mapped using geostatistic and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area had acidic type of soil with pH ranged from 3.25-5.85. The analysis showed that almost 78% of the study area had high content of Cu in soil, while another 22% of area was low to moderate in Cu. However, Cu content in leaf were categorized as insufficient as 100% of the area was observed to have Cu less than 3 ppm. About 80% of the study area showed a low to moderate content of Zn in soil, while another 20% of area showed a high content of Zn. Zinc content in leaf ranged from optimum to high categories. However, this value did not reach the excess level of Zn (50 ppm). These results suggest that, this plantation area need a site specific management approach in order to increase its crop productivity in regards to nutrient management. As a preliminary recommendation, a zone management practice would be applied in future as it is beneficial in term of protecting the environment from excessive fertilizer.

scholarly journals Relationships between resting conductances, excitability, and t-system ionic homeostasis in skeletal muscle

2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Fraser ◽  
Christopher L.-H. Huang ◽  
Thomas H. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ionic Homeostasis ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
T System

Activation of skeletal muscle fibers requires rapid sarcolemmal action potential (AP) conduction to ensure uniform excitation along the fiber length, as well as successful tubular excitation to initiate excitation–contraction coupling. In our companion paper in this issue, Pedersen et al. (2011. J. Gen. Physiol. doi:10.1085/jgp.201010510) quantify, for subthreshold stimuli, the influence upon both surface conduction velocity and tubular (t)-system excitation of the large changes in resting membrane conductance (GM) that occur during repetitive AP firing. The present work extends the analysis by developing a multi-compartment modification of the charge–difference model of Fraser and Huang to provide a quantitative description of the conduction velocity of actively propagated APs; the influence of voltage-gated ion channels within the t-system; the influence of t-system APs on ionic homeostasis within the t-system; the influence of t-system ion concentration changes on membrane potentials; and the influence of Phase I and Phase II GM changes on these relationships. Passive conduction properties of the novel model agreed with established linear circuit analysis and previous experimental results, while key simulations of AP firing were tested against focused experimental microelectrode measurements of membrane potential. This study thereby first quantified the effects of the t-system luminal resistance and voltage-gated Na+ channel density on surface AP propagation and the resultant electrical response of the t-system. Second, it demonstrated the influence of GM changes during repetitive AP firing upon surface and t-system excitability. Third, it showed that significant K+ accumulation occurs within the t-system during repetitive AP firing and produces a baseline depolarization of the surface membrane potential. Finally, it indicated that GM changes during repetitive AP firing significantly influence both t-system K+ accumulation and its influence on the resting membrane potential. Thus, the present study emerges with a quantitative description of the changes in membrane potential, excitability, and t-system ionic homeostasis that occur during repetitive AP firing in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Total dry matter production of potato, mungbean and t. aman rice as influenced by nutrient management of potato-mungbean-t. aman rice cropping pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHS Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
M Salim ◽  
N Islam ◽  
TP Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ground Part

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08 with the objective to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on total dry matter production (above ground part) of each component crop of potatomungbean- t. aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were, T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16- 91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, for potato; T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36- 40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0-20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI , T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for mungbean and T1=HYG (0-80-16-44-12-2-0), T2=MYG (0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0), T3=IPNS (5000-65-13-32-9-2-0), T4=STB (0- 68-15-37-11-2-0), T5=FP (0-39-37-12-0-0-0), T6=CON(0-0-0-0-0-0- 0),T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI,T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for t. aman rice. HYG treatment without or with crop residues incorporation produced the highest TDM in potato, mungbean and t. aman rice followed by IPNS and STB along with or without CRI. The lowest TDM was recorded in control plot without CRI. The increasing trend of TDM was observed in the crop residues incorporation plots than nonincorporation plots. It was observed that there were significant and positive linear relationship between TDM and yield of potao, mungbean, and t. aman rice at 60 DAP, 60 DAS, and 90 DAT, respectively, in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20416 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 211-225, June 2014

scholarly journals Seed yield, nutrient balance and economics of mungbean cultivation as influenced by different nutrients management under AEZ-28

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAH S Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
NCD Barma ◽  
MNA Mondal ◽  
MNS Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Wheat Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2007 and 2008 to find out the optimum nutrient management practice for seed yield, nutrient balance and economics of mungbean. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were without CRI T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36-40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0- 20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0) and with CRI T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg ha-1 CDNPKSZnB for mungbean. The maximum seed yield of mungbean was obtained from STB+CRI (1.57 t ha-1) followed by IPNS+CRI (1.54 t ha-1), STB (1.54 t ha-1), IPNS (1.52 t ha-1), HYG+CRI (1.44 t ha-1) and HYG (1.41 t ha-1) in 2007. Similar trend was found in 2008. Numerically higher yield and yield contributing parameters were noticed in CRI plots than without CRI. N and K balance were found negative in all the treatments. P, S, Zn and B balance were found positive in case of HYG, MYG, IPNS and STB along with or without CRI nutrient managements. While in case of FP and CON, the balance was shown almost negative. The maximum gross return and margin was obtained from STB+CRI followed by STB. Slightly higher BCR (3.00) was recorded from STB followed by STB+CRI (2.91).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(1): 77-93, March 2015

scholarly journals Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yan ◽  
Nathaniel A. Bogie ◽  
Teamrat Ghezzehei
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Hydraulic Redistribution ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Dry Soil

Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils, where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. In natural environments, it is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plants to rely on strategies that allow them to explore and acquire nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study to provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysical factors that enable this adaptation. We grew plants in split-root pots that permitted precisely controlled spatial distributions of resources. The results demonstrated that spatial mismatch of water and nutrient availability does not cost plant productivity compared to matched distributions. Specifically, we showed that nutrient uptake is not reduced by overall soil dryness, provided that the whole plant has access to sufficient water elsewhere in the root zone. Essential strategies include extensive root proliferation towards nutrient-rich dry soil patches that allows rapid nutrient capture from brief pulses. Using high-frequency water potential measurements, we also observed nocturnal water release by roots that inhabit dry and nutrient-rich soil patches. Soil water potential gradient is the primary driver of this transfer of water from wet to dry soil parts of the root zone, which is commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR prevents the soil drying from approaching the permanent wilting point, and thus supports root functions and enhance nutrient availability. Our results indicate that roots facilitate HR by increasing root-hair density and length and deposition of organic coatings that alter water retention. Therefore, we conclude that biologically-controlled root adaptation involves multiple strategies that compensate for nutrient acquisition under mismatched resource distributions. Based on our findings, we proposed a nature-inspired nutrient management strategy for significantly curtailing water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.

Preliminary conceptual models of groundwater and nutrient dynamics in typical agricultural river catchments underlain by hard-rock aquifers in Scotland and Northern Ireland: The River Ythan and Upper Bann River Catchments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Johnson ◽  
Jean-Christophe Comte ◽  
Ulrich Ofterdinger ◽  
Rachel Cassidy ◽  
Mads Troldborg
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Hard Rock Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
River Catchments

<p>The environmental fate and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient species leached from agroecosystems are largely influenced by the hydrogeological setting, which dictates the distribution of groundwater flow pathways, residence times, and physio-chemical properties of the subsurface. Traditional conceptual models tend to oversimplify these relationships, and their application towards river catchment nutrient management promotes insufficient characterisation of hydrogeological heterogeneity, which is subsequently not accounted for. Until recently, very little hydrogeological information and conceptual understanding existed for groundwater systems within the postglacial basement terranes of Scotland and Northern Ireland, due to an abundance of surface water resources and prevalence of poorly productive bedrock aquifers. Recent research has demonstrated the role of geological heterogeneity in determining the contaminant transport behaviour of these hard-rock aquifers, where the presence of weathering and fracturing can potentially result in the rapid delivery of nutrients to rural water supplies and groundwater-dependent ecosystems.</p><p>We aim to further elucidate the role of hydrogeological setting in river catchment nutrient dynamics to improve agricultural sustainability in geologically heterogeneous agricultural regions. This will be achieved by developing conceptual models of nutrient fate and transport for two contrasting agricultural river catchments. Here, we present preliminary conceptual models based on a literature review of groundwater systems within the same geological terranes, analysis of hydrochemical monitoring data, and accounting for catchment-specific features through desk studies of geological and airborne geophysical surveys.</p><p>The River Ythan is a groundwater-dominated lowland catchment within Scotland’s arable belt, designated a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone due to the eutrophication of its estuary. This catchment is geologically complex, with a variably metamorphosed and sheared Precambrian basement with igneous intrusions ranging from ultrabasic rocks to granite. This complexity is enhanced by the significant preservation of Tertiary weathering profiles and an extensive but discontinuous cover of glacial deposits derived from the saprolites. The superficial deposits create a shallow aquifer system characterized by oxic, well-mixed groundwaters with high nitrate concentrations. The bedrock groundwater bodies feature lower nitrate concentrations with variable denitrification rates, resulting from the relationships between lithology, tectonics, and weathering.</p><p>Two upland headwater sub-catchments of the Upper Bann River (Co. Down, Northern Ireland) drain either side of the contact between a granodiorite laccolith and Lower Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks within an elevated drumlinoid landscape. Here, diffuse phosphorus exports to surface waters have not experienced the same extent of decline observed in storm runoff phosphorus following the implementation of nutrient management policies. Anoxic groundwaters favourable for denitrification may result in the release of previously adsorbed (legacy) phosphorus following the reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides. These conditions are generated by (a) confinement by thick, drumlinised clayey tills; and (b) bedrock structures promoting deep groundwater flow.</p><p>The site-specific conceptual models will be further developed through multi-scale geophysical characterisation of hydrogeological heterogeneity and constrained by the catchment-scale distribution of residence times derived from stable (<sup>2</sup>H, <sup>18</sup>O) and radioactive (<sup>3</sup>H) isotope compositions of groundwaters. These refined conceptual models can guide the development of numerical groundwater models and spatially targeted nutrient management.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrient management on leaf area index of potato-mungbean- T. aman rice cropping pattern

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAH S Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
M Salim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Wheat Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08. The objective was to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on leaf area index of each component crop of potato-mungbean-T. Aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments combination based on cropping pattern were T1=HYG (0-198-44- 194-24-6-1.2 for potato; 0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2 for mungbean ; 0-80-16-44-12-2-0 for T.Aman rice ), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9 for potato; 0-20-36-40- 20-2-1 for mungbean ; 0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0 for T.Aman rice), T3=IPNS (10000- 168-38-170-18-6-1.2 for potato ; 5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2 for mungbean ; 5000- 65-13-32-9-2-0 for T.Aman rice), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1 for potato; 0- 20-36-40-22-2-1 for mungbean ; 0-68-15-37-11-2-0 for T.Aman rice), T5=FP (0- 97-16-91-0-0-0 for potato ; 0-6-5-4-0-0-0 for mungbean ; 0-39-37-12-0-0-0 for T.Aman rice), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0 for potato, mungbean and T.Aman rice) kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI for potato-mungbean T.Aman rice cropping pattern, respectively. Average of two years data showed that HYG+CRI treatment gave maximum LAI followed by HYG, IPNS+CRI, IPNS, STB+CRI, and STB treatments at 60 days after planting (DAP) for potato, at 50 days after sowing (DAS) for mungbean, at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) for T.Aman rice, respectively. For potato, there was a significant (p?0.01) and positive linear relation between the LAI at 60 DAP and the tuber yield. While there was a significant (p?0.01) and positive linear relationship between the LAI at 50 DAS and seed yield of mungbean. In case of T.Aman rice, there was a significant (p?0.05) as well as positive linear relationship between the LAI at 60 DAT and the grain yield of rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21994 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 515-527, September 2014

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