scholarly journals How Drawing to Distract Improves Mood in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sad Mood

Previous research has shown that drawing improves short-term mood in children when used to distract from rather than express negative thoughts and feelings. The current study sought to examine (a) how drawing might elevate mood in children ages 6–12 by examining the role played by absorption, enjoyment, and perceived competence as well as entering an imaginary world; and (b) whether children spontaneously use drawing to distract from a sad mood. Across three studies, children were asked to think of a disappointing event. After a sad mood induction, they drew for 5 min. Mood was measured before and after the mood induction and after drawing. Three main findings emerged. First, drawing to distract led to greater absorption and enjoyment than did drawing to express. Second, children’s mood improved equally when drawing imaginary and real scenes showing that the key ingredient is that the content of the drawings be distracting in nature. Third, drawing improved mood even when children were given no instructions on the content of their drawings and children were more likely to use drawing as a way to distract themselves from a sad mood. These studies help to define the characteristics of drawing activities that foster mood improvement in children and highlight the important role of the arts in emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Duodenal Dysbiosis and Relation to the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Functional Dyspepsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13609
Author(s):  
Lucas Wauters ◽  
Raúl Y. Tito ◽  
Matthias Ceulemans ◽  
Maarten Lambaerts ◽  
Alison Accarie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy.

scholarly journals Examining the role of cognitive bias in emotion regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Usyatynsky
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Individuals experiencing depressive symptoms interpret ambiguous situations negatively and use helpful emotion regulation strategies less often than those without symptoms. Theory suggests these strategies are used less due to interference from negatively biased interpretations. This study examined whether interpretation bias interferes with emotion regulation by experimentally manipulating interpretations in a positive or negative direction. Method: Undergraduate students were randomly assigned to positive and negative bias training groups. Interpretation bias and emotion regulation questionnaires were completed before and after training. Results: The training succeeded in inducing bias change only for the positive group, and emotion regulation strategy use did not change in either group. Discussion: Interpretation bias was not found to affect emotion regulation. Possible explanations include: bias change in the positive group was not large enough to alter emotion regulation; the task eliciting emotion regulation was ill-suited for this study; and interpretation bias and emotion regulation are unrelated.

scholarly journals Impact of cleaning and disinfection procedures on microbial ecology and Salmonella antimicrobial resistance in a pig slaughterhouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Bridier ◽  
Patricia Le Grandois ◽  
Marie-Hélène Moreau ◽  
Charleyne Prénom ◽  
Alain Le Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Associated Surfaces ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Abstract To guarantee food safety, a better deciphering of ecology and adaptation strategies of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella in food environments is crucial. The role of food processing conditions such as cleaning and disinfection procedures on antimicrobial resistance emergence should especially be investigated. In this work, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the microbial ecology of associated surfaces communities were investigated in a pig slaughterhouse before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures. Salmonella were detected in 67% of samples and isolates characterization revealed the presence of 15 PFGE-patterns belonging to five serotypes: S.4,5,12:i:-, Rissen, Typhimurium, Infantis and Derby. Resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol was detected depending on serotypes. 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity analyses showed that Salmonella surface associated communities were highly dominated by the Moraxellaceae family with a clear site-specific composition suggesting a persistent colonization of the pig slaughterhouse. Cleaning and disinfection procedures did not lead to a modification of Salmonella susceptibility to antimicrobials in this short-term study but they tended to significantly reduce bacterial diversity and favored some genera such as Rothia and Psychrobacter. Such data participate to the construction of a comprehensive view of Salmonella ecology and antimicrobial resistance emergence in food environments in relation with cleaning and disinfection procedures.

Leptin response to short-term fasting in sympathectomized men: role of the SNS

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. E634-E640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Y. Jeon ◽  
Vicki J. Harber ◽  
Robert D. Steadward
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Plasma Leptin

We studied plasma leptin levels in six people with high-lesion spinal cord injury [SCI; body mass index (BMI) 25.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2, age 37 ± 3.0 yr] and six able-bodied (AB) controls (BMI 29.1 ± 1.9 kg/m2, age 35 ± 3.5 yr) before and after 12, 24, and 36 h of fasting. The plasma leptin levels significantly decreased during 36 h fasting by 48.8 ± 4.5% (pre: 11.3 ± 2.3, post: 6.2 ± 1.5 ng/ml) and 38.6 ± 7.9% (pre: 7.6 ± 5.0, post: 4.2 ± 1.0 ng/ml) in SCI and AB, respectively. Plasma leptin started to decrease at 24 h of fasting in the SCI group, whereas plasma leptin started to decrease at 12 h of fasting in the AB group. The current study demonstrated that plasma leptin decreased with fasting in both SCI and AB groups, with the leptin decrease being delayed in the SCI group. The delayed leptin response to fasting in the SCI group may be because of increased fat mass (%body fat, SCI: 33.8 ± 3.0, AB: 24.1 ± 2.9) and sympathetic nervous system dysfunction.

Does Coloring Reduce Anxiety? Comparing the Psychological and Psychophysiological Benefits of Coloring Versus Drawing

2020 ◽  
pp. 027623742092329
Author(s):  
Nicole Turturro ◽  
Jennifer E. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Anxiety Induction

In this study, we compared the psychological and psychophysiological benefits of coloring to drawing as a means of distraction versus expression. Participants were 60 undergraduates who experienced an anxiety induction. We then randomly assigned them to color a design, draw a design (distract), or draw to express their negative thoughts and feelings. Anxiety was measured before and after the anxiety induction and after drawing. Heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and skin conductance were measured throughout the testing session. Finally, participants completed a flow and enjoyment questionnaire. All three activities reduced anxiety and decreased heart rate and increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia with no differences across conditions. Those in the draw a design condition enjoyed the activity more than those in the draw to express condition. We conclude that drawing, regardless of emotion regulation strategy used, reduces anxiety but that distracting graphic activities result in more enjoyment.

On the Role of Cognitive Abilities in Second Language Vowel Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
Payam Ghaffarvand Mokari ◽  
Stefan Werner
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Before And After

This study investigated the role of different cognitive abilities—inhibitory control, attention control, phonological short-term memory (PSTM), and acoustic short-term memory (AM)—in second language (L2) vowel learning. The participants were 40 Azerbaijani learners of Standard Southern British English. Their perception of L2 vowels was tested through a perceptual discrimination task before and after five sessions of high-variability phonetic training. Inhibitory control was significantly correlated with gains from training in the discrimination of L2 vowel pairs. However, there were no significant correlations between attention control, AM, PSTM, and gains from training. These findings suggest the potential role of inhibitory control in L2 phonological learning. We suggest that inhibitory control facilitates the processing of L2 sounds by allowing learners to ignore the interfering information from L1 during training, leading to better L2 segmental learning.

scholarly journals Influence of PPA on the Short-Term Antiaging Performance of Asphalt

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lining Gao ◽  
Nana Cai ◽  
Xiaohong Fu ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Honggang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
High Temperature Resistance ◽  
Before And After

It has been confirmed that polyphosphoric acid (PPA) can significantly improve the high-temperature resistance, storage stability, and aging resistance of asphalt. The low price of PPA is conducive to the development of modified asphalt with high performance and excellent economy, suggesting its great application prospects. At present, there is little research on the role of PPA in delaying the aging process of PPA-modified asphalt, and a consensus has not yet been reached. Therefore, PPA-modified asphalt with different blending amounts (0 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%, and 1.2 wt%) was prepared in this study. On the basis of variable performance, the role of PPA in the short-term antiaging process of asphalt is analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of PPA-modified asphalt before and after aging, combined with the analysis of the change in components. The results showed that after PPA addition, the high-temperature resistance and the thermal stability of asphalt were improved and the temperature sensitivity was weakened. Both curves of ductility and G ∗ indicate the potential saturation effect of PPA addition; together with infrared spectroscopy, we proved that there are both chemical reactions and physical mixing in the PPA-modified asphalt. The component fractions show that PPA will cause the asphalt to transform from sol to gel and the main function of PPA in retarding asphalt aging is the dispersion of the agglomerates of asphaltene micelles by PPA.

scholarly journals Faking It for the Higher-Ups: Status and Surface Acting in Workplace Meetings

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Shumski Thomas ◽  
Jessie L. Olien ◽  
Joseph A. Allen ◽  
Steven G. Rogelberg ◽  
John E. Kello
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Job Level ◽  
Meeting Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship

Recent evidence suggests that surface acting occurs in workplace meetings. Even in light of these findings, it remains unknown why employees would choose to surface act in meetings with their colleagues and supervisors, and how this form of emotion regulation affects employees in the short term. A sample of working adults were asked to report their levels of surface acting during multiple workplace meetings. Results indicate that employees engage in surface acting during meetings, and that their surface acting is positively related to the presence of higher status attendees in these meetings. In addition, surface acting during meetings is negatively related to perceptions of both meeting psychological safety and meeting effectiveness. We also highlight the important role of one’s job level as a moderating condition when examining the relationship between surface acting and perceived meeting effectiveness. Our results suggest that individuals who are higher up in an organization’s hierarchy may perceive meetings as less effective when they surface act when compared with individuals who are in lower levels of the organization.

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