scholarly journals Phonemic Training Modulates Early Speech Processing in Pre-reading Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bauch ◽  
Claudia K. Friedrich ◽  
Ulrike Schild
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Related Potentials

Phonemic awareness and rudimentary grapheme knowledge concurrently develop in pre-school age. In a training study, we tried to disentangle the role of both precursor functions of reading for spoken word recognition. Two groups of children exercised with phonemic materials, but only one of both groups learnt corresponding letters to trained phonemes. A control group exercised finger-number associations (non-linguistic training). After the training, we tested how sensitive children were to prime-target variation in word onset priming. A group of young adults took part in the same experiment to provide data from experienced readers. While decision latencies to the targets suggested fine-grained spoken word processing in all groups, event-related potentials (ERPs) indicated that both phonemic training groups processed phonemic variation in more detail than the non-linguistic training group and young adults at early stages of speech processing. Our results indicate temporal plasticity of implicit speech processing in pre-school age as a function of explicit phonemic training.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Versus Cognitive Reappraisal: the Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on the Early and Late Brain Potential Markers of Emotion Regulation

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Jane Kaunhoven ◽  
Dusana Dorjee
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives A positive association between trait mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal has previously been found. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we investigated the impact of an 8-week MBSR course on early and late stages of emotion regulation using mindfulness and reappraisal. Methods Participants were allocated into an 8-week MBSR training group (n = 14 for task reports and self-reports; n = 10 for ERPs) or a wait-list control group (n = 15 for task reports and self-reports; n = 11 for ERPs). Pre and post the 8-week training, participants completed an affective picture viewing task and were instructed to regulate their responses to negative and neutral images using mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results At post-test, only the training group showed significant improvements in self-reported trait mindfulness and trait cognitive reappraisal, together with improvements in the self-reported ability to employ mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal during the task. The training group showed decreased 200–280 ms positivity across all three strategies at post-test. The LPP did not change over time but overall showed more positive mean amplitudes to cognitive appraisal. Conclusions These findings suggest that MBSR may adaptively modulate early attention deployment to emotional stimuli, but modulations of later stages of emotion processing may require more extensive mindfulness training. In addition, conscious employment of mindfulness may require less cognitive effort than cognitive reappraisal.

EEG Measurement of Emotion Processing in Children with Daytime Urinary Incontinence

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-341
Author(s):  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Monika Equit ◽  
Katja Rieck ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
Catharina Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Daytime Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Related Potentials

Abstract. Objective: Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) is common in childhood. The aim of the study was to neurophysiologically analyse the central emotion processing in children with DUI. Method: In 20 children with DUI (mean age 8.1 years, 55 % male) and 20 controls (mean age 9.1 years, 75 % male) visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded after presenting emotionally valent (80 neutral, 40 positive, and 40 negative) pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) as an oddball-paradigm. All children received a full organic and psychiatric assessment. Results: Children with DUI did not differ significantly from controls regarding responses to emotional pictures in the frontal, central, and parietal regions and in the time intervals 250–450 ms, 450–650 ms, and 650–850 ms after stimulus onset. The patient group had more psychological symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities than the control group. Conclusions: EEG responses to emotional stimuli are not altered in children with DUI. Central emotion processing does not play a major role in DUI. Further research, including a larger sample size, a more homogeneous patient group (regarding subtype of DUI) or brain imaging techniques, could reveal more about the central processing in DUI.

Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Rebecca Estes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

Neuroplasticity in Music Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 545-563
Author(s):  
Vesa Putkinen ◽  
Mari Tervaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Music Learning ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Related Potentials

Studies conducted during the last three decades have identified numerous differences between musicians and non-musicians in neural correlates of sensory, motor, and higher-order cognitive functions. Research employing event-related potentials/fields has been particularly important in this framework. This chapter reviews the evidence that has emerged from these studies with emphasis on longitudinal studies comparing functional brain development in children taking music lessons and those engaged in non-musical activities. The literature provides empirical and theoretical grounds for concluding that musical training enhances sound encoding skills that are relevant for both music and speech processing. The question whether the benefits of musical training transfer to more distantly related cognitive functions remains controversial, however. Finally, it appears likely that training-induced plasticity alone does not account for the differences in brain function between musicians and non-musicians and, conversely, that predisposing factors also play a role.

scholarly journals Event related potentials in cases of amblyaudia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Wessam Mostafa Essawy
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Central Auditory Processing Disorders ◽  
Related Potentials

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amblyaudia is a weakness in the listener’s binaural processing of auditory information. Subjects with amblyaudia also demonstrate binaural integration deficits and may display similar patterns in their evoked responses in terms of latency and amplitude of these responses. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of amblyaudia in a population of young children subjects and to measure mismatch negativity (MMN), P300 and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) for those individuals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Subjects included in this study were divided into 2 groups control group that consisted of 20 normal hearing subjects with normal developmental milestones and normal speech development. The study group (GII) consisted of 50 subjects with central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) diagnosed by central auditory screening tests. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> With using dichotic tests including dichotic digits test (DDT) and competing sentence test (CST), we could classify these cases into normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, and amblyaudia plus with percentages (40%, 14%, 38%, 8% respectively). Using event related potentials, we found that P300 and MMN are more specific in detecting neurocognitive dysfunction related to allocation of attentional resources and immediate memory in these cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The presence of amblyaudia in cases of central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) and event related potentials is an objective tool for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up after rehabilitation.</p>

scholarly journals Embodiment of sleep-related words: evidence from event-related potentials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike J. Hülsemann ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Multimodal Networks ◽  
Lying Down

AbstractOur thoughts, plans and intentions can influence physiological sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. According to the theoretical framework of “embodied cognition”, the semantic content of cognitive processes is represented by multimodal networks in the brain which also include body-related functions. Such multimodal representation could offer a mechanism which explains mutual influences between cognition and sleep. In the current study we tested whether sleep-related words are represented in multimodal networks by examining the effect of congruent vs. incongruent body positions on word processing during wakefulness.We experimentally manipulated the body position of 66 subjects (50 females, 16 males, 19-40 years old) between standing upright and lying down. Sleep- and activity-related words were presented around the individual speech recognition threshold to increase task difficulty. Our results show that word processing is facilitated in congruent body positions (sleep words: lying down and activity words: standing upright) compared with incongruent body positions, as indicated by a reduced N400 of the event-related potential (ERP) in the congruent condition with the lowest volume. In addition, early sensory components of the ERP (N180 and P280) were enhanced, suggesting that words were also acoustically better understood when the body position was congruent with the semantic meaning of the word. However, the difference in ERPs did not translate to differences on a behavioural level.Our results support the prediction of embodied processing of sleep- and activity-related words. Body position potentially induces a pre-activation of multimodal networks, thereby enhancing the access to the semantic concepts of words related to current the body position. The mutual link between semantic meaning and body-related function could be a key element in explaining influences of cognitive processing on sleep.

scholarly journals The Influence of Subclinical Neck Pain on Neurophysiological and Behavioral Measures of Multisensory Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Karellas ◽  
Paul Yielder ◽  
James J. Burkitt ◽  
Heather S. McCracken ◽  
Bernadette A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Related Potentials

Multisensory integration (MSI) is necessary for the efficient execution of many everyday tasks. Alterations in sensorimotor integration (SMI) have been observed in individuals with subclinical neck pain (SCNP). Altered audiovisual MSI has previously been demonstrated in this population using performance measures, such as reaction time. However, neurophysiological techniques have not been combined with performance measures in the SCNP population to determine differences in neural processing that may contribute to these behavioral characteristics. Electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs) have been successfully used in recent MSI studies to show differences in neural processing between different clinical populations. This study combined behavioral and ERP measures to characterize MSI differences between healthy and SCNP groups. EEG was recorded as 24 participants performed 8 blocks of a simple reaction time (RT) MSI task, with each block consisting of 34 auditory (A), visual (V), and audiovisual (AV) trials. Participants responded to the stimuli by pressing a response key. Both groups responded fastest to the AV condition. The healthy group demonstrated significantly faster RTs for the AV and V conditions. There were significant group differences in neural activity from 100–140 ms post-stimulus onset, with the control group demonstrating greater MSI. Differences in brain activity and RT between individuals with SCNP and a control group indicate neurophysiological alterations in how individuals with SCNP process audiovisual stimuli. This suggests that SCNP alters MSI. This study presents novel EEG findings that demonstrate MSI differences in a group of individuals with SCNP.

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