scholarly journals Focusing on Resilience and Renewal From Stress: The Role of Emotional and Social Intelligence Competencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liu ◽  
Richard E. Boyatzis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Behavioral Level ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior

Individuals are subject to stressful events from daily chronic stress to traumatic life-changing experiences and the resulting impairment. Efforts to reduce stress or stressors are misdirected. Instead, bouncing back or recovering from such experiences, often called resilience is a far more potent way to ameliorate the ravages of chronic stress and move to a state of renewal, thriving and flourishing. Because we infect each other with stress or renewal through emotional contagion, each person's ability to manage their own emotions as well as those of others and their relationships becomes key to health. These capabilities are called emotional and social intelligence. At the trait level, they are personal dispositions but at the behavioral level they are patterns of behavior we call emotional and social intelligence competencies (ESI). This paper is a review addressing the role of emotional and social intelligence competencies in resilience. By focusing on the behavioral level of ESI, designs for more precise research and practical applications as to how to develop ESI and resilience are offered.

scholarly journals Stress and the dopaminergic reward system

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879-1890
Author(s):  
Ja-Hyun Baik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Mesolimbic Dopamine ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Mesolimbic Dopamine System ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Changes in mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission are important for coping with stress, as they allow adaption to behavioral responses to various environmental stimuli. Upon stress exposure, modulation of the dopaminergic reward system is necessary for monitoring and selecting the optimal process for coping with stressful situations. Aversive stressful events may negatively regulate the dopaminergic reward system, perturbing reward sensitivity, which is closely associated with chronic stress-induced depression. The mesolimbic dopamine system is excited not only by reward but also by aversive stressful stimuli, which adds further intriguing complexity to the relationship between stress and the reward system. This review focuses on lines of evidence related to how stress, especially chronic stress, affects the mesolimbic dopamine system, and discusses the role of the dopaminergic reward system in chronic stress-induced depression.

Stress, Cortisol and Suicide Risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Brian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
The Impact

Suicide is a global health issue accounting for at least 800,000 deaths per annum. Numerous models have been proposed that differ in their emphasis on the role of psychological, social, psychiatric and neurobiological factors in explaining suicide risk. Central to many models is a stress-diathesis component which states that suicidal behavior is the result of an interaction between acutely stressful events and a susceptibility to suicidal behavior (a diathesis). This article presents an overview of studies that demonstrate that stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, are important additional risk factors for suicide. Evidence for other putative stress-related suicide risk factors including childhood trauma, impaired executive function, impulsivity and disrupted sleep are considered together with the impact of family history of suicide, perinatal and epigenetic influences on suicide risk.

Alcohol use in daily life: Examining the role of trait and state impulsivity facets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Timothy J Trull
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

The Role Of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) in Uncontrolled Alcohol Drinking and Relapse Behavior Resulting from Exposure to Stressful Events

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Thiele ◽  
Darin J. Knapp ◽  
George Breese ◽  
Thomas J. McCown
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Stressful Events

scholarly journals Flavonoids Ameliorate Stress-Induced Depression by Preventing NLRP3 Inflammasome Priming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1231-1231
Author(s):  
Giulio Pasinetti
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Abstract Objectives Chronic stress activates danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 activation triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. The activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome propagates pro-inflammatory signaling cascades implicated in the onset of depression. Our previous studies show that polyphenolic compounds were found to ameliorate stress induced depression in mouse models. However, the relevant mechanism has not been identified. This study examined the effect of administering polyphenols on DAMP signaling in enriched mice microglia. Methods This study examined the effect of administering polyphenols on DAMP signaling in mice microglia. To recapitulate stress-induced depression, mice underwent chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Microglia were isolated at various time points throughout the CUS protocol. We also assessed long-term persistent changes after CUS and susceptibility to subthreshold unpredictable stress (US) re-exposure. Results Interestingly, the development of US – induced depression and anxiety depended upon a previous exposure to CUS. We found that CUS caused robust upregulation of IL-1β mRNA in enriched microglia, an effect that persists for up to 4 weeks following CUS exposure. Following the subthreshold US re-exposure, we observed the upregulation of pro- IL-1β as well as pro-receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was not. We also observed an increase in RAGE mRNA expression when mice were exposed to US prior to the start of the CUS paradigm. Importantly, a primary exposure to US, was sufficient to increase RAGE mRNA expression. We found that polyphenol administration significantly improved CUS-induced depressive-like phenotypes and also reversed neuroinflammation in mice. Treatment with dietary flavonoids prevented upregulation of IL-1β, RAGE mRNA, which reflects the ability of polyphenols that may have begun following the primary exposure to US. Conclusions Taken all together, the results provide evidence of the role of dietary polyphenols in preventing persistent microglial activation, which has been shown to result in reduced long term vulnerability to depressive-like behaviors following expose to chronic stress. Funding Sources This study was supported by a P50 CARBON Center grant from the NCCIH/ODS.

Concurrent and Lagged Relations between Emotion Regulation and Affect in Adolescents’ Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Silva ◽  
Teresa Freire ◽  
Susana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Trait Level

AbstractA better understanding of emotion regulation (ER) within daily life is a growing focus of research. This study evaluated the average use of two ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and concurrent and lagged relationships between these two ER strategies and affect (positive and negative affect) in the daily lives of adolescents. We also investigated the role of the same strategies at the trait level on these within-person relationships. Thirty-three adolescents provided 1,258 reports of their daily life by using the Experience Sampling Method for one week. Regarding the relative use of ER strategies, cognitive reappraisal (M = 2.87, SD = 1.58) was used more often than expressive suppression (M = 2.42, SD = 1.21). While the use of both strategies was positively correlated when evaluated in daily life (p = .01), the same did not occur at the trait level (p = .37). Multilevel analysis found that ER strategies were concurrently related to affect (p < .01), with the exception of cognitive reappraisal-positive affect relationship (p = .11). However, cognitive reappraisal predicted higher positive affect at the subsequent sampling moment ( β = 0.07, p = .03). The concurrent associations between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect vary as function of the use of this strategy at the trait level (β = 0.05, p = .02). Our findings highlighted the complex associations between daily ER strategies and affect of a normative sample of adolescents.

scholarly journals Downregulation of miR-383 reduces depression-like behavior through targeting Wnt family member 2 (Wnt2) in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yanjie Ju ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neural Injury ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the role of miR-383 in the regulation of Wnt-2 signaling in the rat model of chronic stress. The male SD rats with depressive-like behaviors were stimulated with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) including ice-water swimming for 5 min, food deprivation for 24 h, water deprivation for 24 h, stimulating tail for 1 min, turning night into day, shaking for 15 min (once/s), and wrap restraint (5 min/time) every day for 21 days. The expression levels of miRNAs were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of Wnt2, depression-impacted proteins (GFAP, BDNF, CREB), brain neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE, DA) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine the relationship between miR-383 and Wnt2. Ethological analysis was evaluated by sugar preference test, refuge island test and open field tests. Rescue experiments including knockdown of miR-383, overexpression and silencing of Wnt2 were performed to determine the role of miR-383. High expression levels of miR-383 were observed in the hippocampus of rats submitted to CUMS model. Downregulation of miR-383 significantly inhibited the apoptosis and inflammatory response of hippocampal neurons, and increased the expression levels of GFAP, BDNF and CREB which were impacted in depression, as well as neurotransmitters, then attenuated neural injury in rats induced by CUMS. Furthermore, Wnt family member 2 (Wnt2) was identified as a target of miR-383, and silencing of Wnt2 obviously attenuated the protective effect of miR-383 inhibitor on the apoptosis and inflammatory response in hippocampal neurons, as well as neural injury in CUMS-induced rats. Downregulation of miR-383 ameliorated the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by chronic stress in rats by directly targeting Wnt2, indicating that the miR-383/Wnt2 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for MDD.

The impact of knowledge sharing behaviour and social intelligence of university academics on their performance: The mediating role of competencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Janitha Kularajasingam ◽  
Anusuiya Subramaniam ◽  
Devinder Kaur Sarjit Singh ◽  
Murali Sambasivan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact
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