scholarly journals Action-Depicting Gestures and Morphosyntax: The Function of Gesture-Speech Alignment in the Conversational Turn

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Urbanik ◽  
Jan Svennevig
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Position ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Face ◽  
Iconic Representations ◽  
Conversational Turns

The current study examines the role of action-depicting gestures in conversational turns by focusing on their semantic characteristics and temporal position in relation to their verbal affiliates (action verbs or more complex verb phrases). The data are video recordings of naturally occurring interactions in multilingual construction sites in Norway. The analysis distinguishes two modes of action depiction: generic depictions, which represent the action as a general type, and contextualized depictions, which in addition include deictic references to the spatio-material environment or iconic representations of the specific manner of action performance. These two modes typically occupy different positions in the turn. Generic depictions are mostly initiated before the verbalization of the action or are synchronized with it, while contextualized depictions mostly start simultaneously with the verbalization and extend beyond the verb phrase or the turn. The pre-positioned and synchronized generic gestures are shown to serve as a practice for facilitating recognition of the verbalized action and may be temporally manipulated in order to pre-empt understanding problems in the face of reduced common linguistic resources. The post-positioned contextualized depictions serve instead to add specifying information about aspects of the action referred to and thereby to complement or supplement the meaning of the verb phrase, securing understanding of action specifics. The study contributes to research on gesture-speech synchrony by demonstrating how variation in the alignment of action depiction and syntax is used to direct the recipient’s attention toward different interactional goals.

scholarly journals DISABILITY, STATUS ENHANCEMENT, PERSONAL ENHANCEMENT AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Status Enhancement

It often appears that the most appropriate form of addressing disadvantage related to disability is through policies that can be called “status enhancements”: changes to the social, cultural and material environment so that the difficulties experienced by those with impairments are reduced, even eradicated. However, status enhancements can also have their limitations. This paper compares the relative merits of policies of status enhancement and “personal enhancement”: changes to the disabled person. It then takes up the question of how to assess the priority of the claims of disabled people in the face of scarcity of resources for which there can be many competing social claims, arguing for the theory of “declustering disadvantage”.

scholarly journals Struktur Frasa Verbal Bahasa Melayu Riau Dialek Kampar: Teori X-Bar

Perspektif ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Ermawati. S ◽  
Hermaliza ◽  
Alber
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Regional Languages ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract There have been several research studies that discussed verb phrases. But only some researchers analyse the X-bar theory concerning regional languages in Riau. The author attempts to demonstrate the structure of verb phrase in the Malay dialect of Kampar by using the X-bar theory.This study aims to find and analyse the rules structuring verb phrases contained in the Malay dialect of Kampar. This research was conducted through a field observation by using the descriptive method. According to the findings of the study, it is found that the principles for creating verb phrase structures in Kampar dialect were. 1) FV ---> V+N, ŋikIʸ umpʷIɁ ‘(me)motong rumput’/ Cut the grass; 2) FV ---> V+Spes, bagoɣaɁ lo ‘memasak’/ cook; 3) FV ---> Spes+V, ola makan ‘sudah makan’/ have got the food; 4) FV ---> NEG+V+Spes, ndaɁ dataŋ do ‘tidak datang’/ did not come; 5) FV ---> V+V, paʸ makan ‘pergi makan’/ get to eat;  6) FV ---> Adj+V, paya ŋasʷoňo ‘susah mengasuhnya/menjaganya’/ its hard to take care of; and 7) FV ---> V, motoŋ ‘menoreh/menyadap karet’/ tap the rubber. Key words: Riau Malay, Kampar Dialect, Verb Phrase Structure, X-Bar Theory

scholarly journals Verb Phrase and Its Translations Found in the Novel “Budha, a Story of Enlightenment”

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-518
Author(s):  
I Made Juliarta
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
English Verb

This study aims at analyzing the syntactic structure of the verb phrase and its translation process occurred.  This study also analyzes the kinds of shifts of verb phrase occurred in the translation process from English into Indonesia.  This study is a descriptive qualitative study.  The theory used in analyzing data is the theory proposed by Catford and Radford (1988). The theory used in analyzing the data source is the theory in translation especially in shifts of translation and the theory in syntax in order to analyze the verb phrases found in the data source. There are 12 verb phrases as data of this study. The verb in the data source can be categorized as an Indonesian verb. It can be seen from the text that is available in the data source, that the verb phrase in the source language can be transferred into an Indonesian verb in the target language Then, there are some steps applied in this study, the first step of this research is to collect the data source found in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment. The second step is to read and identify the text in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment containing the verb phrase. The next step is to take some texts, analyze and interpret the data, and finally draw a conclusion. The verb phrase found in the novel The Budha, a Story of Enlightenment was identified by the researcher. And this study continued in analyzing the translation process occurred. The result of translation analysis of the text shows that there is a shift occurred in all the 12 processes of translating English verb phrase into Indonesian. 8 are classified as changing into lower rank and 4 are classified as changing into a higher rank. 

scholarly journals A high-fidelity, virtual reality, transurethral resection of bladder tumor simulator: Validation as a tool for training

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Moore ◽  
Stewart Whalen ◽  
Neal Rowe ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Michael Ordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Key Steps

Introduction: Simulation-based training is used to help trainees learn surgical procedures in a safe environment. The objective of our study was to test the face, content, and construct validity of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) module built on the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator. Methods: Participants performed five standardized cases on the simulator. Domains of the simulator were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale to establish face and content validity. Construct validity was assessed through the simulator's built-in scoring metrics, as well as video recordings of the simulator screen and an anonymized view of participants' hands and feet, which were evaluated using an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) tool. Results: Ten experienced operators and 15 novices participated. Face validity was somewhat acceptable (mean realism 3.8/5±1.03 standard deviation [SD]; mean appearance 4.1/5±0.57), as was content validity, represented by simulation of key steps (mean 3.9±0.57). The simulator failed to achieve construct validity. There was no difference in mean simulator scores or OSATS scoring between experienced operators and novices. Novices significantly improved their mean simulator scores (305.9 vs. 332.4, p=0.006) and OSATS scoring (15.8 vs. 18.1, p=0.001), while 87% felt their confidence to perform TURBT improved. Overall, 92% of participants agreed that the simulator should be incorporated into residency training. Conclusions: Our study suggests a role for the TURBT module of the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator as an introduction to TURBT for urology trainees. Strong support was found from both experienced operators and novices for its formal inclusion in resident education.

scholarly journals To See a World in a Grain of Sand: Review of Legate (2014)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hsin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Linguistic Understanding ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Case Licensing ◽  
Seminal Article

Voice and v is an investigation of the syntax of an understudied Western Austronesian language, Acehnese, with a particular interest in its implications for the theory of verb phrase structure under the framework of the Minimalist Program. Since Pylkkänen's seminal article, the idea that the functional projection of verb phrases involves two distinct layers—a higher one (that is, Voice) that is responsible for introducing the external thematic role and Case-licensing the internal argument, and a lower one (that is, v) that is responsible for introducing causative semantics and verbalizing the root—has been advanced in a series of works under the Minimalist Program. This book presents novel evidence for this hypothesis based on an in-depth analysis of Acehnese passive, object voice, and causative constructions. Building on the empirical observations from Acehnese, the book makes further explorations of the syntactic typology of passives and causatives, on which the Acehnese data shed light. It contributes not only to the description and analysis of an understudied language, but also to the cross-linguistic understanding of the different flavors of Voice and the architecture of verb phrase structures.

Verb Phrases Alignment Technique for English-Malayalam Parallel Corpus in Statistical Machine Translation Special issue on MTIL 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-492
Author(s):  
Mary Priya Sebastian ◽  
G. Santhosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Translation Tools ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Alignment Technique ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Malayalam Language

Abstract Machine translation (MT) from English to foreign languages is a fast developing area of research, and various techniques of translation are discussed in the literature. However, translation from English to Malayalam, a Dravidian language, is still in the rising stage, and works in this field have not flourished to a great extent, so far. The main reason of this shortcoming is the non-availability of linguistic resources and translation tools in the Malayalam language. A parallel corpus with alignment is one of such resources that are essential for a machine translator system. This paper focuses on a technique that enables automatic setting up of a verb-aligned parallel corpus by exploring the internal structure of the English and Malayalam language, which in turn facilitates the task of machine translation from English to Malayalam.

scholarly journals Cognitive Conflict in Technological Environment: Cognitive Process and Emotions through Intuitive Errors in Area, Perimeter and Volume

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Juhaina Awawdeh Shahbari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Loud Tone ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
High Sound

This study was conducted among 28 seventh-grade students. They worked in groups in an activity with modeling features; the activity consisted of three tasks dealing with an intuitive error, namely, same A–same B. The data source was nine video recordings of three groups across the three activities. The results obtained from analyses of students’ discussions and interactions indicate that they moved through three central stages: the intuitive error stage, the revealing of the intuitive error connected with cognitive conflict and the stage of overcoming the intuitive errors. In each of the three stages in the three tasks, we identified similar emotion features among the three groups across the three tasks. In the intuitive error stage, the participants were characterized by confidence, comfort and enjoyment. In revealing the intuitive errors, we identified several indicators and signs of non-comfortable situations by revealing the errors in the three tasks, such as a high sound or sad tone of voice, physical movements such as moving closer to the computer screen and other physical indicators such as opening the mouth and putting a hand on the head or the face. After overcoming and understanding the sources of the errors, the participants showed confidence that was clear in their facial signs, joy and smiles, loud tone and eye contact between students and the teacher, or between students.

scholarly journals A Neural Network Approach to Verb Phrase Ellipsis Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 7468-7475
Author(s):  
Wei-Nan Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Yuanxing Liu ◽  
Donglin Di ◽  
Ting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Feature Representation ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Verb Phrase Ellipsis ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Automatic Composition ◽  
End To End ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE) is a linguistic phenomenon, where some verb phrases as syntactic constituents are omitted and typically referred by an auxiliary verb. It is ubiquitous in both formal and informal text, such as news articles and dialogues. Previous work on VPE resolution mainly focused on manually constructing features extracted from auxiliary verbs, syntactic trees, etc. However, the optimization of feature representation, the effectiveness of continuous features and the automatic composition of features are not well addressed. In this paper, we explore the advantages of neural models on VPE resolution in both pipeline and end-to-end processes, comparing the differences between statistical and neural models. Two neural models, namely multi-layer perception and the Transformer, are employed for the subtasks of VPE detection and resolution. Experimental results show that the neural models outperform the state-of-the-art baselines in both subtasks and the end-to-end results.

Building social capital for constructive adaptive capacity under social stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Yutong Wang ◽  
Pakon Ko ◽  
Nancy Law
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

PurposeThis study examines how a school progressively built its social capital for agile adaptation to provide inclusive and effective fully online learning provisions through intentionally enhancing its architecture for learning.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study to examine how school A was able to respond rapidly and progressively to the demand for quality online learning provisions in the face of unanticipated school closure with an uncertain end date. Video recordings of online school sharing sessions, interviews and documents provided by the school constituted data sources for this study.FindingsIn creating a collective new norm for the implementation of online learning, a school needs to enhance both structural and cognitive aspects of its social capital. School A achieved this through intentional changes to its architecture for learning (i.e. organizational structure, interaction mechanisms, mediating artifacts and technology) when deliberating measures to deliver the changes under periods of serious social stress.Originality/valueAdaptive capacity is a core demand on the social capital of schools and organizations under the “new normal” when the future is unpredictable. This paper uncovers the connection between a school's architecture for learning and its adaptive capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Face Detection Algorithms for the Bank Client Identity Verification

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Szczodrak ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Verification System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Usb Camera ◽  
Made In

Abstract Results of investigation of face detection algorithms efficiency in the banking client visual verification system are presented. The video recordings were made in real conditions met in three bank operating outlets employing a miniature industrial USB camera. The aim of the experiments was to check the practical usability of the face detection method in the biometric bank client verification system. The main assumption was to provide a simplified as much as possible user interaction with the application. Applied algorithms for face detection are described and achieved results of face detection in the real bank environment conditions are presented. Practical limitations of the application based on encountered problems are discussed.

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