scholarly journals Positive Participatory Organizational Interventions: A Multilevel Approach for Creating Healthy Workplaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Nielsen ◽  
Marit Christensen

In the following perspective paper, we argue for the importance of conducting research on positive participatory organizational interventions. We propose that these types of interventions are important because they not only focus on eliminating or reducing adverse job demands but focus also on developing job resources. To achieve the best effects, actions should be taken to address demands and resources at the individual, group, leader and organizational levels. We furthermore suggest that the participatory intervention process itself may also build resources at these four levels.

2021 ◽  
pp. 216507992110384
Author(s):  
Davide Giusino ◽  
Marco De Angelis ◽  
Greta Mazzetti ◽  
Marit Christensen ◽  
Siw Tone Innstrand ◽  
...  

Background: Interventions tackling COVID-19 impact on health care workers’ mental health would benefit from being informed by validated and integrated assessment frameworks. This study aimed to explore the fitness of integrating the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and the Individual-Group-Leader-Organization (IGLO) framework to investigate the pandemic’s impact on health care workers’ mental health. Methods: Qualitative data were collected via 21 semi-structured interviews with senior and middle managers and four focus groups with employees (doctors, nurses, health care assistants) from three areas (Department of Emergency, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of Neuroscience) of a large health care institution facing the first wave of COVID-19. NVivo deductive content analysis of text data was performed. Findings: Several COVID-19-related job demands and resources were found at IGLO levels. Individual-level demands included emotional load, while resources included resilience and motivation. Group-level demands included social distancing, while resources included team support and cohesion. Leader-level demands included managers’ workload, while resources included leader support. Organizational-level demands included work reorganization, while resources included mental health initiatives. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Integrating JD-R and IGLO proved feasible, as job demands and resources could be categorized according to the individual, group, leader, and organization framework. The findings expand previous studies by filling the lack of knowledge on how job demands and resources might unfold at different workplace levels during a pandemic. Results provide unit-level evidence for designing and implementing multilevel interventions to manage health care workers’ mental health during COVID-19 and future pandemics. Our findings offer occupational health practitioners a suitable approach to perform workplace mental health assessment activities.


2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Van den Broeck ◽  
Elfi Baillien ◽  
Hans De Witte

Orientation: Workplace bullying is characterised as a counterproductive interpersonal behaviour, yielding severe consequences for both the individual and the organisation. The occurrence of workplace bullying is often attributed to a stressful work environment.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to test the work environment hypothesis by applying the Job Demands-Resources model to workplace bullying. We expected job demands and job resources to relate to both perpetrators’ and actors’ reports of workplace bullying.Motivation for the study: We aimed to extend the outcomes examined in the Job Demands- Resources model to a specific form of counterproductive interpersonal behaviour, namely workplace bullying. From the point of view of the literature on bullying, we aimed to substantiate the well-known work environment hypothesis with empirical data.Research design, approach and method: We applied structural equation modelling on questionnaire data of a large heterogeneous sample of Flemish employees (N = 749).Main findings: Job demands and job resources interacted in the prediction of perpetrators’ reports of bullying: job demands associated positively to perpetrators’ reports of bullying particularly under the condition of high job resources. Job demands related positively to targets’ reports of bullying, while job resources related negatively. These associations were (partially) mediated by emotional exhaustion.Practical/managerial implications: These results suggest that workplace bullying may indeed be reduced by good job design, that is, by limiting the job demands and increasing job resources. Particular prevention plans may be developed for exhausted employees, as they are vulnerable to workplace bullying, in terms of both becoming perpetrators and victims.Contribution/value-add: This study attests to the predictive validity of the JD-R model for perpetrators’ and targets’ reports of workplace bullying. The findings also underline the complex and multi-causal nature of workplace bullying.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Florensia Louhenapessy ◽  
Rita Markus Idulfilastri ◽  
P. Tommy Y.S. Suyasa

The teacher plays two main roles in his life, namely the role in work and in the family. The implementation of these two roles does not always cause conflict, but can improve the quality of life of teachers. Teacher job conflicts are closely related to job demand and job resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how the role of job demands and job resources on work-family enrichment in teachers. Work-family enrichment is enrichment obtained from individual experiences at work towards the welfare of family life, or vice versa. Job demands are defined as identical job demands with various pressures on the job (job stressor). Examples of job demands on teachers are the number of students who exceed the capacity in the classroom, the addition of subject matter outside of the teacher's interest / competence, the demand to adjust science to the times. Job resources are physical, social, and organizational aspects that serve as support or resources to achieve work goals. With the existence of job resources, job demands can be resolved. Psychologically, solving work demands based on available resources will stimulate the individual to grow and develop personally, in this case the personal growth of the individual has implications for increasing his welfare in working / family life. Participants in this study were 43 teachers in School X. Analysis of research results using multiple regression showed that job demands and job resources together played a role in predicting an increase in work-family enrichment by 12.5%. The implication of the results of this study is that various demands on work supported by resources at work can improve welfare in working life / family life. Guru menjalankan dua peran utama dalam kehidupannya yaitu peran di pekerjaan dan keluarga. Menjalankan dua peran tersebut tidak selalu menimbulkan konflik, namun justru bisa meningkatkan kualitas hidup guru. Konflik pekerjaan guru sangat berhubungan dengan job demand dan job resources. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat bagaimana peran job demands dan job resources terhadap work-family enrichment pada guru. Work-family enrichment merupakan pengayaan yang diperoleh dari pengalaman-pengalaman individu di pekerjaan terhadap kesejahteraan kehidupan berkeluarga, atau sebaliknya. Job demands didefinisikan sebagai tuntutan-tuntutan pekerjaan yang indentik dengan berbagai tekanan dalam pekerjaan (job stressor). Contoh dari job demands pada guru adalah jumlah siswa yang melebihi kapasitas di dalam kelas, penambahan materi pelajaran di luar minat/kompetensi guru, tuntutan untuk menyesuaikan ilmu pengetahuan dengan perkembangan zaman. Job resources adalah aspek-aspek fisik, sosial, maupun organisasi yang berfungsi sebagai pendukung atau sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan pekerjaan. Dengan adanya job resources maka job demands dapat terselesaikan. Secara psikologis, penyelesaian job demands berdasarkan job resources yang dimiliki akan menstimulasi individu untuk bertumbuh dan berkembang secara personal, dalam hal ini pertumbuhan personal yang dimiliki individu berimplikasi pada work-family enrichment. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah guru yang berjumlah 43 orang di Sekolah X. Analisis hasil penelitian yang menggunakan multiple regression menunjukan bahwa job demands dan job resources bersama-sama berperan memprediksi peningkatan work-family enrichment sebesar 12,5%.  Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa berbagai tuntutan dalam pekerjaan yang di dukung dengan sumber daya dalam pekerjaan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan dalam kehidupan berkerja dan berkeluarga. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L. Albrecht

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model provides a well-validated account of how job resources and job demands influence work engagement, burnout, and their constituent dimensions. The present study aimed to extend previous research by including challenge demands not widely examined in the context of the JD-R. Furthermore, and extending self-determination theory, the research also aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects that employees’ need satisfaction as regards their need for autonomy, need for belongingness, need for competence, and need for achievement, as components of a higher order needs construct, may have on the relationships between job demands and engagement. Structural equations modeling across two independent samples generally supported the proposed relationships. Further research opportunities, practical implications, and study limitations are discussed.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Rodriguez-Munoz ◽  
Ana Isabel Sanz-Vergel ◽  
Evangelia Demerouti ◽  
Arnold B. Bakker

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