scholarly journals Paranormal Experience Profiles and Their Association With Variations in Executive Functions: A Latent Profile Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater ◽  
Neil Dagnall ◽  
Andrew Denovan ◽  
Andrew Parker ◽  
Álex Escolà-Gascón
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Paranormal Experience ◽  
Latent Profile

This study investigated relationships between inter-class variations in paranormal experience and executive functions. A sample of 516 adults completed self-report measures assessing personal encounter-based paranormal occurrences (i.e., Experience, Practitioner Visiting, and Ability), executive functions (i.e., General Executive Function, Working and Everyday Memory, and Decision Making) together with Emotion Regulation and Belief in the Paranormal. Paranormal belief served as a measure of convergent validity for experience-based phenomena. Latent profile analysis (LPA) combined experience-based indices into four classes based on sample subpopulation scores. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) then examined interclass differences. Results revealed that breadth of paranormal experience was associated with higher levels of executive functioning difficulties for General Executive Function, Working Memory, Decision Making, and Belief in the Paranormal. On the Everyday Memory Questionnaire, scores differed on Attention Tracking (focus loss) and Factor 3 (visual reconstruction), but not Retrieval (distinct memory failure). In the case of the Emotion Regulation Scale, class scores varied on Expressive Suppression (control), however, no difference was evident on Cognitive Reappraisal (reframing). Overall, inter-class comparisons identified subtle differences in executive functions related to experience. Since the present study was exploratory, sampled only a limited subset of executive functions, and used subjective, self-report measures, further research is necessary to confirm these outcomes. This should employ objective tests and include a broader range of executive functions.

scholarly journals LATENT PROFILE ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, ANGER, AND ADHD IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S165-S165
Author(s):  
Sarah M Israel ◽  
Erica Szkody ◽  
Michael R Nadorff ◽  
Daniel L Segal
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract Older adults are generally happier, less likely to have depression or anxiety, and have better emotion regulation abilities than earlier in life. While older age predicts more hostile beliefs about others, older adults report less hostile behavior and no difference in covert hostility, compared to other age groups. However, brain regions associated with executive function and emotion regulation are impacted by even normal aging. Using latent profile analysis (LPA) we aimed to better understand what factors contribute to a dysregulated profile in older adults and how age altered the dysregulation profile. The current archival study includes data from 518 older adults between the ages of 60 and 95 years (M = 70.73, SD = 7.34). Participants completed the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI) database. The CATI is a 250-item psychopathology and neuropsychological inventory that assesses over 40 clinical and neuropsychological disorders utilizing official DSM-5 criteria. A Dysregulated Profile was identified using an LPA of diagnosis subscales (i.e., Anxiety, Depression, Anger, and ADHD) that have been previously associated with dysregulation in children and young adults. Results demonstrated that female participants reported more ADHD symptoms (more impairment in executive function) than men. Furthermore, the dysregulated profile (high on all subscales) and age interacted such that, as age increased, scores on the Depression and Anger subscales decreased. No significant differences were found for any other interactions. Our findings are consistent with existing literature. Even in the dysregulated profile, participants reported less anger and depression with older age.

Heterogeneity in emotion regulation difficulties among women victims of domestic violence: A latent profile analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole H. Weiss ◽  
Angela G. Darosh ◽  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Shannon R. Forkus ◽  
Katherine L. Dixon-Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Latent Profile

scholarly journals A latent profile analysis of the typology of bulimic symptoms in an indigenous Pacific population: evidence of cross-cultural variation in phenomenology

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Thomas ◽  
R. D. Crosby ◽  
S. A. Wonderlich ◽  
R. H. Striegel-Moore ◽  
A. E. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Clinical Impairment ◽  
Latent Profile

BackgroundPrevious efforts to derive empirically based eating disorder (ED) typologies through latent structure modeling have been limited by the ethnic and cultural homogeneity of their study populations and their reliance on DSM-IV ED signs and symptoms as indicator variables.MethodEthnic Fijian schoolgirls (n=523) responded to a self-report battery assessing ED symptoms, herbal purgative use, co-morbid psychopathology, clinical impairment, cultural orientation, and peer influences. Participants who endorsed self-induced vomiting or herbal purgative use in the past 28 days (n=222) were included in a latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify unique subgroups of bulimic symptomatology.ResultsLPA identified a bulimia nervosa (BN)-like class (n=86) characterized by high rates of binge eating and self-induced vomiting, and a herbal purgative class (n=136) characterized primarily by the use of indigenous Fijian herbal purgatives. Both ED classes endorsed greater eating pathology and general psychopathology than non-purging participants, and the herbal purgative class endorsed greater clinical impairment than either the BN-like or non-purging participants. Cultural orientation did not differ between the two ED classes.ConclusionsIncluding study populations typically under-represented in mental health research and broadening the scope of relevant signs and symptoms in latent structure models may increase the generalizability of ED nosological schemes to encompass greater cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Paranormal Belief, Thinking Style and Delusion Formation: A Latent Profile Analysis of Within-Individual Variations in Experience-Based Paranormal Facets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater ◽  
Neil Dagnall ◽  
Andrew Denovan ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Class Comparison ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Paranormal Experience ◽  
Latent Profile

This study examined the degree to which within-individual variations in paranormal experience were related to belief in the paranormal, preferential thinking style, and delusion formation. A sample of 956 non-clinical adults completed measures assessing experience-based paranormal indices (i.e., paranormal experience, paranormal practitioner visiting, and paranormal ability), paranormal belief, belief in science, proneness to reality testing deficits, and emotion-based reasoning. Latent profile analysis (LPA) combined the experience-based indices to produce six underlying groups. Inter-class comparison via multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that both breadth and intensity of experiential factors were associated with higher belief in in the paranormal, increased proneness to reality testing deficits, and greater emotion-based reasoning. Belief in science, however, was less susceptible to experiential variations. Further analysis of reality testing subscales revealed that experiential profiles influenced levels of intrapsychic activity in subtle and intricate ways, especially those indexing Auditory and Visual Hallucinations and Delusional Thinking. Collectively, identification of profiles and inter-class comparisons provided a sophisticated understanding of the relative contribution of experiential factors to differences in paranormal belief, belief in science, proneness to reality testing deficits, and emotion-based reasoning.

scholarly journals Profiles of psychological skill use and their relations with self and coach-rated mental toughness in Thai athletes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Manley ◽  
Chayut Piromsombat ◽  
Somboon Jarukasemthawee ◽  
Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Latent Profile

We examined two questions relating to athletes use of psychological skills and techniques (PS). First, we consider whether athletes differ in the configuration of PS they use. Second, we examine how PS use is related to both self-reported and informant-rated mental toughness. A sample of 309 elite Thai athletes reported their frequency of PS use in practice and competition settings and completed a self-report measure of mental toughness; coaches provided informant ratings of mental toughness for a subset of athletes. Using latent profile analysis, we replicated previous findings (Ponnusamy, Lines, Zhang, & Gucciardi, 2018) to show that athletes could be best classified in to three subgroups based on their PS use, and these subgroups differed in the relative frequency of their PS use rather than in the specific patterns of PS. Further, we find that mental toughness differed as a function of PS use with higher frequency of PS use associated with higher self-rated mental toughness, and higher coach-ratings of mental toughness. These findings suggest that athletes do not appear to differ in the configurations of PS used and show that PS not only relate to self-perceptions of mental toughness but also to the display of more mentally tough behaviour

scholarly journals Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kaplan ◽  
E. L. McGlinchey ◽  
A. Soehner ◽  
A. Gershon ◽  
L. S. Talbot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Latent Profile

Background.Though poorly defined, hypersomnia is associated with negative health outcomes and new-onset and recurrence of psychiatric illness. Lack of definition impedes generalizability across studies. The present research clarifies hypersomnia diagnoses in bipolar disorder by exploring possible subgroups and their relationship to prospective sleep data and relapse into mood episodes.Method.A community sample of 159 adults (aged 18–70 years) with bipolar spectrum diagnoses, euthymic at study entry, was included. Self-report inventories and clinician-administered interviews determined features of hypersomnia. Participants completed sleep diaries and wore wrist actigraphs at home to obtain prospective sleep data. Approximately 7 months later, psychiatric status was reassessed. Factor analysis and latent profile analysis explored empirical groupings within hypersomnia diagnoses.Results.Factor analyses confirmed two separate subtypes of hypersomnia (‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’) that were uncorrelated. Latent profile analyses suggested a four-class solution, with ‘long sleep’ and ‘excessive sleepiness’ again representing two separate classes. Prospective sleep data suggested that the sleep of ‘long sleepers’ is characterized by a long time in bed, not long sleep duration. Longitudinal assessment suggested that ‘excessive sleepiness’ at baseline predicted mania/hypomania relapse.Conclusions.This study is the largest of hypersomnia to include objective sleep measurement, and refines our understanding of classification, characterization and associated morbidity. Hypersomnia appears to be comprised of two separate subgroups: long sleep and excessive sleepiness. Long sleep is characterized primarily by long bedrest duration. Excessive sleepiness is not associated with longer sleep or bedrest, but predicts relapse to mania/hypomania. Understanding these entities has important research and treatment implications.

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