scholarly journals The Evolutionary Trend of Global Inequality: Analyzing the Impacts of Economic Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Victor Jing Li ◽  
Tsun Se Cheong ◽  
Delin Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
The North ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Service Sectors

The aim of this study is to examine the evolution of inequality by focusing on the impacts of the economic structure. The technique of decomposition by income sources is employed to evaluate the contribution of the three major sectors, namely the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors to overall inequality. The data cover almost all the countries in the world from 2001 to 2017 for a total of 18 years. There are four stages of analysis in this study. The first stage of study is to provide an overall view of the evolutionary trend of global inequality, the second stage focuses on the North-South divide, the third stage determines the impacts of income groups, and the fourth stage investigates the impacts for each region. There are several salient findings: First, global inequality had declined in the study period. Second, the service sector is identified as the largest contributor to global inequality, followed by the industrial sector, while the contribution of the agricultural sector is negligible. For the North-South divide, disparity in the service sector was more marked in the North than in the South. The industrial sector played a major role in the South and contributed more than 40% to overall inequality. For the comparison amongst the income groups, our findings show that the higher the income, the higher the percentage contribution of the service sector (except for the low-income group). Finally, for the comparison across regions, although the contribution of the agricultural sector in most regions are below 1.5%; however, the contribution of the agricultural sector in both Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia is more than 8%. It implies that a lot of people in these regions still rely on the agricultural sector for a living, and the development in the industrial and service sectors in these two regions lagged behind those of the other regions. Our analysis show that the evolution pattern is very different for each region, therefore, it is necessary to take the effects of income and geographical location into consideration in formulating development policies.

scholarly journals Study komperasi struktur ekonomi Negara ASEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Syaparuddin Syaparuddin ◽  
Selamet Rahmadi ◽  
Yusnita Yusnita
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Asean Countries

This study aims to analyze: 1) changes in the economic structure of ASEAN countries; 2) comparison of the economic structure of ASEAN countries. The data used in this research is secondary data which includes 2000-2016 time-series data and 10 countries cross-sections. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that changes in the economic structure of ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2016 fluctuated each year. It can be seen from the GDP data on the average contribution of sectors based on business fields and based on shifting sub-sectors, namely the agricultural sector, the industrial sector, and the service sector. From the economic structure of ASEAN countries apart from (Singapore) for the agricultural sector, the largest contribution was Myanmar 40.55%, and the lowest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 0.89%. For the industrial sector, the largest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 66.79%, and the lowest contribution was Myanmar 23.22%. The service sector with the largest contribution was the Philippines at 54.91%, and the lowest contribution was Brunei Darussalam 32.31%. Keywords: Leading sector, Shift-share, Economic Structure, GDP

Economic Structural Transformation in Emerging Market Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110046
Author(s):  
Kunling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Trade Structure ◽  
Emerging Market Countries

This article analyzes the structural transformation in 30 emerging market countries (E30) on the dimensions of industry, trade, and urbanization. It finds that first, in the agricultural sector, E30 have contributed greatly to the increase of the global agricultural productivity and the transfer of labor force from the agricultural sector to industry or the service sector. However, these countries still feature a high percentage of agricultural employment, which means there is vast room for shifting the agricultural labor force. Second, in the industrial sector, E30 have made remarkable contributions to the world’s industrial development but have also displayed a trend of premature “deindustrialization.” Third, the service sector has picked up speed and gradually turned into a new driver of economic development in E30. Against this backdrop, E30 face the major challenge of how to cope with the premature deindustrialization and smoothly shift the economic growth engine from the industrial sector to the service sector. Fourth, E30 have become an important force in the world trade, with their trade structure switching from simple, primary, low-value-added goods to sophisticated, high-grade, and high-value-added goods and services. However, some emerging market countries are more susceptible to the impacts of the anti-globalization trend because of their high reliance on foreign trade and improper trade structure. Therefore, how to diversify the economy and enhance its economic resilience holds the key to the sustainable economic development of E30. Fifth, E30 have contributed greatly to world urbanization. As urbanization relies more on the service sector than on the industrial sector, it is vital to properly strike a balance between industrialization and urbanization, and between industrialization and service sector development.

scholarly journals Sectoral Analysis of Employment Intensity of Growth in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasaki Dauda ◽  
Omowumi Ajeigbe
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sectoral Analysis ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
World Development

This study assessed employment intensity of growth (EIG) in the agriculture, industry and service sectors in Nigeria from 1991 to 2019 within the context of Okun’s theory/law. Data from the 2020 World Development Indicators were employed for analysis, using elasticity procedure after decomposing the scope into different periods and regimes. The findings showed negative EIG in the agriculture and industrial sectors while the service sector returned positive EIG. Therefore, government should invest significantly in the service sector while the agricultural sector should be mechanized to boost output and supply of raw materials to industries to enhance employment generation.

Structural change and the changing relationship between the industrial and the service sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structure Of Production

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the relationship between the industrial and the service sector outputs at the aggregate level and for different sub-services in India and also tries to find out whether the relationship is changing over time. Design/methodology/approach – This paper studies a panel of 16 major Indian states in India over the period 1980-2011. Using an econometric analysis, it proceeds to estimate the increase in inter-linkage between the output of the service sector and the output of the industrial sector. This study considers a variable coefficient model where the output elasticity of the service sector with respect to the output of the industrial sector changes with time. The changing element here is considered to be the result of the changing structure of production within these industries. Findings – It has been observed that the output of the services sector at the aggregate level and the output of the industrial sector are highly correlated, and demand generated for services output from the industrial sector over the period 1993-2011 is mostly due to the changing structure of production within these sectors. Originality/value – This paper takes the initiative to estimate the increase in inter-linkage between the output of the service sector and the output of the industrial sector resulting from the changing structure of production within the industrial and the service sectors.

scholarly journals Does the Declining Share of Agricultural Output in GDP Indicate Structural Transformation? The Case of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Adisu Abebaw Degu ◽  
Admassu Tesso Huluka
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Relative Decline

It is not uncommon that different government officials and practitioners infer the fallingagricultural share in GDP to the underpinning of structural transformation in an economy. By using variousstudies result and a time series of data spanning from 1981 up to 2017, this paper investigated, whetherthe declining share of agricultural output in GDP is indicating structural transformation or not in Ethiopianeconomy. The study showed that the service is the fastest-growing sector in Ethiopia, and it covers morethan 40% of GDP. The share of agriculture sector was 45% of GDP until 2011, while the industry sector hasbeen stagnating. Thus, it shows how the falling share of the agriculture sector in GDP is being supersededby the service sector. Empirical works also reveal that even though the share of the agricultural sector inGDP is falling, it is the primary source for the overall economic growth of Ethiopia. The share of the ruralpopulation has decreased from 89 percent in 1981 to 80% in the year 2017. So the vast population of thecountry is living in rural areas where agricultural-based activities are common. Lack of labor shift from theagricultural sector to the industrial sector can also be attributed to the insufficient expansion of themodern industrial sector to absorb the growing force labor. Furth more, the demographic transition alsoshowed a relative decline. Since structural transformation involves several interrelated processes, thedeclining share of agriculture output to GDP alone cannot explain the prevalence of structural change; theother processes like; industrialization, urbanization, and demographic transition need to be scrutinized

scholarly journals Two epochal turns of inequality, their significance, and their dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Therborn
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The North ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Developed Countries

AbstractAt the end of the twentieth century, two historical turns of economic inequality happened. Among the developed countries of the Global North, the secular trend of decreasing intra-national inequality turned into its opposite. At about the same time, the long period of global inequality began to bend down, among households as well as among nations, a turn less noticed but more significant than the reduction of extreme poverty in the South. The foundation of the former turn was the beginning of de-industrialization in the North, and the coming of a post-industrial society, very different from the one predicted. The paper analyzes the trigger of the turn and the central dynamics of the new inequality in the rich North, financialization, and the digital revolution. It then tries to answer two questions about the global turn: Was the decline of global inequality causally connected to the increase of Northern intra-national inequality? Will there be a development of industrial societies in the South? The answer to both is no. What lies ahead is more likely a global convergence of intra-national unequalization, albeit with both different and similar dynamics, as the decline of extreme poverty in the South is leading to inequality increases comparable to those of the North. Post-industrialism has no egalitarian dialectic like that of industrial capitalism, but the dynamics of the twenty-first century inequality are likely to be confronted not only with popular protest movements but also with an emergent scholarly and intellectual Egalitarian Enlightenment.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Habibi Harahap ◽  
Eko Wahyu Nugrahadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The North

Economic growth of North Sumatera Province is not quite on the top of optimum. If the compared by some of others province in Indonesia and by  all of his potention, the North Sumatera Province only on the 10th rank of economic growth in Indonesia in 2009-2013 period. The purpose of this study is toanalyze the economic sectors which are the basis in each district/city in North Sumatera province and to determine the structure of economic growth in the district /city both sectoral and aggregate the province of North Sumatera. Structural transformation to some extent will have an impact on overall economic growth. Analysis tools used in this study is Location Quetiont (LQ), Growth Ratio Model (MRP), overlay analysis, and shift share analysis. Results of this study showed that the agriculture sector is a sector which is the basis in nearly 13 districts/cities in North Sumatera Province. But the growth in agriculture, processing industries, mining and quarrying, and the electricity, gas & water supply sector likely slowed, otherwise all tertiary sectors which include: trade, hotels, and restaurants; transportation and communication, finance, leasing, and services company, and the services sector is likely to experience growth positive. Transportation and communication is a sector with the highest growth occurring in North Sumatera Province. Shift Share Analysis results showed that in the Province of North Sumatera is going structural transformation characterized by decreasing the role of the agricultural sector, and the increasing role of the service sector. This condition as well as contrary to the Kuznets theory which states that the process of structural transformation contribution marked by shifting agriculture to manufacturing and then to services sector.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL YANG BERORIENTASI PADA PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Eny Haryati
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Local Resources

Local economic development (LED) is an effort to optimize local resources involving government, business, local communities and civil society organizations to develop the economy in a region. Therefore the focus of LED include: increased local content, the involvement of stakeholders in a substantially economy, increase community resilience and economic independence, sustainable development, utilization of development by most local communities, small and medium enterprise development, economic growth achieved inclusively, strengthening capacity and improving the quality of human resources, reduction of disparities between groups of society, across sectors and across regions, reducing the negative impacts of economic activities on the environment. Study based on 4 (four) districts in East Java province is known that: (1) modern industrial sector is not likely to contribute to the gross regional domestic product and are less likely to absorb local labor force, (2) the agricultural sector contribute to the gross regional domestic product significantly and tends to absorb labor, (3) development of investment and/or industrialization should be oriented to the utilization of the potential and/or local resources and/or local labor, (4) to increase the market potential and/or to support the movement of investment and industrialization on the agricultural sector, need to develop the service sector; (4) the height of commitment from policy makers for investment and industrialization policy agenda based on local employment is much more important, (5) a commitment that needs to be realized in a policy of innovative and marketable.

scholarly journals Kadamba Tank Cultivation Area: A Status of Agricultural Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
M Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
User Association ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Water User Association ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

The Thamirabarani River is one of the prominent sources of water for Kadamba Tank. Thamirabarani river is the perennial river in the South Tamil Nadu. Apart from that, which can store water during the North-East Monsoon period. The water user association members are getting money from duck rears and allowing duck into the agriculture fields after the harvest. The agriculturist is saying that after the first harvest if the water is not sufficient for the next crop such as paddy, farmers can go for the crop such as zero water consumption crops like green gram, black gram. Because of duck farming, agriculturists are not able to get benefited from low-cost crops. Indeed, water is the scarcity of resources in Tamil Nadu; irrigation water should not be charged more. Like other places in Tamil Nadu, in Kadamba Kulam agriculture basin, also collecting charges (ayakatu) for water usage by the association. The nonavailability of water throughout the year, the agricultural labors are moved from native and employed in the industrial sector. Tamil Nadu is a water tense state that lingers to experience water shortages which are expected to exacerbate in future due to the political pressure and money laundering, Justices A. Selvam and P. Kalaiyarasan dismissed the petitions on several grounds, including the State government’s submission that only 43 mc ft out of 5,049 mcf of surface water that goes waste into the sea was being supplied to the two industries. The court said that such supply did not affect either irrigation or drinking water needs of the people in any way.

scholarly journals Poland Competitiveness Report 2020 Focus on service sector

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Main Factor

For many years, macroeconomic research used to focus on the industrial sector, whose productivity was considered to be a cornerstone of economic development. Along with a growing share of services in the economy, the sector's competitiveness was becoming increasingly important. That said, it should be noted that services are one of those economic activities that undergo the most profound transforma-tions, linked to the introduction of innovations. While the increasing expansion of the service sector is seen to unfold with economic development, it is not only the development of the sector as a whole that plays a key role from the perspective of the competitiveness of the economy but also, and above all, the growth dynamics of certain types of services. One of the most dynamic segments of this sector con-sists of knowledge-intensive services, where knowledge is both the main factor of production and the essential good offered to customers. Among knowledge-inten-sive services, business services are a specific group engaging high-quality labor resources, while supporting the development of other industries in the manufac-turing and service sectors.

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