scholarly journals Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults With Psychotic Symptomatology Under Involuntary Admission and Readmission for Compulsory Treatment in a Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kaikoushi ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Andeas Chatzittofis ◽  
Evanthia Bella ◽  
Giorgos Alevizopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Compulsory Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adults under compulsory psychiatric treatment, have not been reported adequately in Southern European countries. We investigated the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adults with psychotic symptomatology who were involuntarily treated in the acute Mental Health Services in Cyprus. A descriptive cross-sectional study was applied. Data collection (December 2016 to February 2018) achieved via a structured questionnaire including demographic and clinical variables. Census sampling was applied in Cyprus referral center for compulsory psychiatric treatment. The sample included 406 individuals (262 males, 144 females). Approximately 86.2% were single, 77.6% were unemployed, and 24.9% held a bachelor's degree. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was schizophrenia or a relevant psychotic disorder (86.4%). The most frequent admission cause was non-adherence to pharmacotherapy along with disorganized behavior (agitation and/or self-care deficit, and/or aggressive behavior, and/or suicidal behavior) (53.6%). Moreover, 70.7% of the sample reported a positive personal history of mental health problems, while 42.1% reported a positive family history of mental health disorders. Half of the participants (52%) were previously involuntarily admitted for compulsory treatment. Adjusted associations of readmission status were reported with Cypriot ethnicity (OR: 4.40, 95%CI: 2.58–7.50), primary education only (OR: 3.70, 95%CI: 1.64–8.37), readmission due to disorganized behavior along with non-adherence to pharmacotherapy (OR: 10.84, 95%CI: 2.69–43.72), as well as along with substance use (OR: 6.39, 95%CI: 1.52–26.82). Readmission was almost five times more likely to occur due to suicidal behavior (OR: 5.01, 95%CI: 1.09–22.99) compared to disorganized behavior not otherwise specified. Additionally, those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were more than 12 times more frequently readmitted for compulsory treatment compared to other diagnoses (OR 12.15, 95%CI: 1.04–142). Moreover, the participants with higher secondary education had 54.6% less odds to be involuntarily re-admitted compared to Bachelor degree holders (OR 0.442, 95%CI: 0.24–0.79). A high percentage of involuntary treatment was noted due to non-adherence to pharmacotherapy and substance use. Re-evaluation of the effectiveness of relevant community interventions is suggested, as well as implementation of structured educational programs on therapy adherence during psychiatric hospitalization.

scholarly journals Mental health in COVID-19 survivors from a general hospital: association with sociodemographic, clinical, and inflammatory variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria ◽  
Jesica Barreto ◽  
Lucia Aire ◽  
Angela Podestá ◽  
Mónica Caqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: The current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic constitutes a significant problem for the world's public health and generates mental health problems.Objective: To describe the characteristics of mental health in survivors of COVID-19 and the main sociodemographic, clinical, and immune factors related.Method: A Cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on 318 patients (196 women, mean age 54.4 ± 15.1 years) surviving COVID-19 from one hospital in Peru in which sociodemographic, clinical, and immune characteristics were explored. Through telephone interviews, an evaluation of the presence of depressive, anxious, somatic, and distress symptoms was carried out using standardized scales. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRa) were estimated.Results: A significant proportion of the patients have depressive (30.3%), anxious (29.9%), somatic (33.7%), and distress (28.7%) symptoms. In the regression analysis, the variables associated with a higher frequency of clinically relevant mental symptoms were female sex (depression: aPR = 2.29; anxiety: PRa = 2.71; somatic symptoms: PRa = 2.04; distress: PRa = 2.11), proceeding outside the capital (depression: PRa = 1.61; anxiety: PRa = 1.53), the self-perception of a greater severity of the infection (depression: PRa = 5.53; anxiety: PRa = 2.29; distress: PRa = 14.78), the presence of persistent COVID-19 symptoms (depression: PRa = 8.55; anxiety: PRa = 11.38; somatic symptoms: PRa = 5.46; distress: PRa = 20.55), a history of psychiatric treatment (depression: PRa = 2.29; somatic symptoms: PRa = 2.90 ; distress: PRa = 3.80), the history of a family member infected by COVID-19 (anxiety: PRa = 4.71; somatic symptoms: PRa = 1.99), and a neutrophil-lymphocyte index greater than 6.5 (depression: PRa = 1.67; anxiety: PRa = 1.82).Conclusion: COVID-19 survivors show a high prevalence of negative mental symptoms. Some useful variables have been found when identifying vulnerable patients requiring psychiatric care.

scholarly journals Effects of Pregnancy Loss on Subsequent Postpartum Mental Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2179
Author(s):  
David C. Reardon ◽  
Christopher Craver
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Health Treatments ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Pregnancy loss, natural or induced, is linked to higher rates of mental health problems, but little is known about its effects during the postpartum period. This study identifies the percentages of women receiving at least one postpartum psychiatric treatment (PPT), defined as any psychiatric treatment (ICD-9 290-316) within six months of their first live birth, relative to their history of pregnancy loss, history of prior mental health treatments, age, and race. The population consists of young women eligible for Medicaid in states that covered all reproductive services between 1999–2012. Of 1,939,078 Medicaid beneficiaries with a first live birth, 207,654 (10.7%) experienced at least one PPT, and 216,828 (11.2%) had at least one prior pregnancy loss. A history of prior mental health treatments (MHTs) was the strongest predictor of PPT, but a history of pregnancy loss is also another important risk factor. Overall, women with a prior pregnancy loss were 35% more likely to require a PPT. When the interactions of prior mental health and prior pregnancy loss are examined in greater detail, important effects of these combinations were revealed. About 58% of those whose first MHT was after a pregnancy loss required PPT. In addition, over 99% of women with a history of MHT one year prior to their first pregnancy loss required PPT after their first live births. These findings reveal that pregnancy loss (natural or induced) is a risk factor for PPT, and that the timing of events and the time span for considering prior mental health in research on pregnancy loss can significantly change observed effects. Clinicians should screen for a convergence of a history of MHT and prior pregnancy loss when evaluating pregnant women, in order to make appropriate referrals for counseling.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
N Thakur ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents. Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students. Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use. Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.

scholarly journals Community Perception towards Mental Illness among Residents of Gimbi Town, Western Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misael Benti ◽  
Jemal Ebrahim ◽  
Tadesse Awoke ◽  
Zegeye Yohannis ◽  
Asres Bedaso
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family History ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Information ◽  
History Of

Background. Despite the increased burden of mental health problem, little is known about knowledge and perception of the public towards mental health problems in Ethiopia. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected 845 Gimbi town residents from May 28 to June 28, 2014. Results. Out of the total study participants, 304 (37.3%) were found to have poor perception (a score below mean five semantic differential scales for positive questions and above mean for negative questions) of mental illness. Being above 28 years of age (AOR = 0.48 CI (0.23, 0.78)), private workers (AOR = 0.41 CI (0.19, 0.87)), and lack of mental health information were found to be associated with poor perception of mental illness (AOR = 0.133 CI (0.09, 0.20)). Absence of family history of mental illness was also found to be associated with poor perception of mental illness (AOR = 0.37 CI (0.21, 0.66)). Conclusions. Significant proportions of the community in Gimbi town were found to have poor perception of mental illness. Poor perception is common among old aged, less educated, private workers, those unable to access mental health information, and those with no family history of mental illness. Mental health education on possible causes, treatment options, and possible outcome of treatment to the community is required.

Mediating Effects of Coping Style on Associations Between Mental Health Factors and Self-Harm Among Adolescents

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M. McMahon ◽  
Paul Corcoran ◽  
Carmel McAuliffe ◽  
Helen Keeley ◽  
Ivan J. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Mental Health Factors

Background: There is evidence for an association between suicidal behavior and coping style among adolescents. Aims: The aims of this study were to examine associations between coping style, mental health factors, and self-harm thoughts and acts among Irish adolescents, and to investigate whether coping style mediates associations between mental health factors (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and self-harm. Method: A cross-sectional school-based survey was carried out. Information was obtained on history of self-harm, life events, and demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Results: Emotion-oriented coping was strongly associated with poorer mental health and self-harm thoughts and acts. Problem-Oriented Coping was associated with better mental health. Mediating effects of Emotion-Oriented Coping on associations between mental health factors and deliberate self-harm (DSH) was found for both genders and between Problem-Oriented Coping and mental health factors for girls. Similar mediating effects of coping style were found when risk of self-harm thoughts was examined. Limitations: Since the methodology used was cross-sectional, it is impossible to draw conclusions regarding causal relationships between coping style and associated factors. The coping measure used was brief. Conclusions: Promotion of positive coping skills and reduction of emotion-focused approaches may build resilience to self-harm thoughts and acts among adolescents experiencing mental health problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Its Associated Factors Among Recovered COVID-19 Patients During the Pandemic: A Single-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Khademi ◽  
Roya Vaziri-Harami ◽  
Jamal Shams
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
History Of

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is profoundly affecting the mental health status. Although the burden of mental health problems has been reported in the general population and health care workers, little is known about the prevalence of mental health disorders among recovered COVID-19 patients and their associated factors.Methods: A cross-sectional telephonic-study of recovered COVID-19 patients with and without a history of hospitalization was conducted from April 20 to June 20, 2020, in Tehran, Iran. We assessed the anxiety symptoms, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among participants, using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) and PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with mental health problems.Results: A total of 602 individuals with a mean age of 53.2 years (SD: 14.7), completed the study. The rates of mental health symptoms among the respondents were 5.8% (95% CI: 4.2–7.8%) for anxiety, 5.0% (95% CI: 3.5–7.0%) for depression, and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.3–5.3%) for PTSD disorders. Moreover, being younger than 50 years and female gender was significantly associated with a higher probability of reporting anxiety (p < 0.01), and depression (p < 0.001 for being younger than 50 years, p < 0.02 for female gender).Conclusions: The current study indicated that patients with COVID-19 presented features of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. These results may help implement appropriate mental health intervention policies for those at risk and minimize the mental health consequences of the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Associations Between Multiple Leisure Activities, Mental Health and Substance Use Among Adolescents in Denmark: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziggi Ivan Santini ◽  
Charlotte Meilstrup ◽  
Carsten Hinrichsen ◽  
Line Nielsen ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activity Types

Background: Previous research has suggested that leisure activity may benefit mental health and protect against substance use among adolescents, but more research is needed to asses associations with a wide range of outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess associations between multiple leisure activities and (1) mental health outcomes and (2) substance use outcomes in a sample of Danish adolescents.Methods: Using data from the Danish part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) collected in 2019, nation-wide cross-sectional data from 2,488 participants aged 15 or 16 in Denmark were analyzed to assess associations between number of leisure activity types and outcomes pertaining to mental health and substance use.Results: Our results show that engaging in multiple activity types at least once a week—as compared to one single type of activity—is associated with increased odds for high mental well-being, and reduced odds for mental health problems. Engaging in multiple activity types is also associated with reduced odds for overall substance use and for using substances as a coping method. Among those using substances, engaging in multiple activity types is associated with reduced odds of above average substance use.Conclusion: Increasing opportunities for adolescents to engage in leisure activities is suggested to be useful in enhancing mental health and preventing substance use and promoting mental health. Promoting and increasing access to leisure activities among adolescents could be a promising avenue for policy and practice.

scholarly journals Adversity, Mental Health, and Substance Use Disorders as Predictors and Mediators of Rule Violations in U.S. Prisons

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy F. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
History Of

This study explores how typologies of adversity and mental health/substance use disorders impact rule violations during incarceration. Data come from the 2004 cross-sectional Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities (SI-SFCF). Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used for analysis. Results link history of adverse experiences to rule violations during incarceration and demonstrate how mental health and substance use disorders mediate this relationship. Incarcerated people with severe histories of adverse experiences had the highest odds of rule violations, relative to people with low adversity, for all typologies. More severe adversity typologies predicted mental health and substance use disorders. Alcohol and substance use disorders predicted drug violations, whereas substance use and mental health disorders predicted major violations. Serious mental illness did not predict rule violations when accounting for adversity. Findings suggest that addressing adverse experiences, mental health, and substance use disorders may prevent rule violations.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Early Adolsecent: A Prevalence Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz ◽  
Nurjasmine Aida Jamani ◽  
Nur Wal Affa Aziz ◽  
Fatin Shahira Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family History ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescent is increasing in trend as reported in the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS). Male, younger age group and from low socioeconomic status were at higher risk to develop this problem. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of mental health problems and their associated factors among young adolescent in Kuantan, Pahang. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 211 standard 4 and 5 (aged 10-11) students in July 2017. A validated Malay version Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) which consisted of five problem subdomains (emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer and prosocial) was filled by parents. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of mental health problems among young adolescents was 16.3%. The commonest mental health problems were peer (45.8%), conduct (27.2%) and prosocial (18.7%). Higher household income (OR: 2.66, CI: 1.186-5.995), higher household number (OR: 0.593, Cl: 0.416-0.845) and no family history of mental illness (OR: 24.53, CI: 1.506-399.65) were associated with mental health problems. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of mental health problems was higher than that was reported by NHMS in 2015. Adolescents from higher household income family and no family history of mental problems were more likely to develop emotional problems. However, higher household number was found to be a protective factor against mental health problems.

scholarly journals Changes in Substance Use and Mental Health Burden among Women during the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9728
Author(s):  
Henrike Schecke ◽  
Madeleine Fink ◽  
Alexander Bäuerle ◽  
Eva-Maria Skoda ◽  
Adam Schweda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Second Wave

Unlike men, who are disproportionately affected by severe disease progression and mortality from COVID-19, women may be more affected by the economic, social and psychological consequences of the pandemic. Psychological distress and mental health problems are general risk factors for increases in the use of alcohol and other substances as a dysfunctional coping mechanism. Methods: An analysis was carried out of the female subset (n = 2153) of a population-based, cross-sectional online survey (October–December 2020), covering the “second wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Results: Among women, 23% increased their alcohol use, 28.4% increased their nicotine use and 44% increased their illicit substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty percent reported major depressive symptoms and 23.4% symptoms of generalized anxiety. Generalized anxiety proved to be a significant predictor of increases in alcohol and nicotine use in logistic regression. Discussion: The mental health burden remained high during the second wave of COVID-19 and alcohol, nicotine and other substance use increased. However, the association between mental health and substance use was weak. Psychological distress does not seem to be the main motivator of substance use.

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