scholarly journals The Role of Veterinarians in Mass Casualty Disasters: A Continuing Need for Integration to Disaster Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey S. Holmquist ◽  
James Patrick O'Neal ◽  
Ray E. Swienton ◽  
Curtis A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Mass Casualty Events

The need to prepare veterinarians to serve as part of the disaster medical response for mass casualty incidents has been recognized since at least the 1960's. The potential value of incorporating veterinarians for mass casualty disaster response has been noted by organizations throughout the world. Clinical veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals with access to equipment, medications, and treatment capabilities that can be leveraged in times of crisis. The ongoing threat of disasters with the current widespread healthcare access barriers requires the disaster management community to address the ethical constraints, training deficiencies and legal limitations for veterinary medical response to mass casualty disasters. An ethical imperative exists for veterinarians with translatable clinical skills to provide care to humans in the event of a mass casualty disaster with insufficient alternative traditional medical resources. Though this imperative exists, there is no established training mechanism to prepare veterinarians for the provision of emergency medical care to humans. In addition, the lack of clear guidance regarding what legal protections exist for voluntary responders persists as a barrier to rapid and effective response of veterinarians to mass casualty disasters. Measures need to be undertaken at all levels of government to address and remove the barriers. Failure to do so reduces potentially available medical resources available to an already strained medical system during mass casualty events.

scholarly journals (A145) Simulation for the Assessment and Optimization of Medical Disaster Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s41-s42
Author(s):  
E.L. Dhondt ◽  
F. Van utterbeek ◽  
C. Ullrich ◽  
M. Debacker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Optimization ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Medical Response

BackgroundThe ultimate goal of medical disaster management must be to predictably orchestrate transition from “standard of care” to “sufficiency of care” using evidence-based methods. However, neither descriptive reports of disaster responses nor epidemiological studies investigating disaster risk factors have been able to provide validated outcome measures as to what constitutes a “good” disaster response. Moreover, it either has been considered impossible, ethically inappropriate, or both, to identify experimental and control groups essential for hypothesis testing for the conduct of scientific randomized controlled clinical trials.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify a number of performance and outcome indicators and define optimal disaster response and management decision-making for various disaster scenarios using simulation optimization.Methods and ResultsA system model of medical disaster management was designed, and victim models and performance and outcome indicators were developed. Various mass-casualty and large-scale disaster scenarios were developed, including: (1) a hospital emergency incident/disaster; (2) a CBRNE incident; (3) an airplane crash and airport disaster; (4) a mass gathering; and (5) a military battlefield mass casualty. Using “Discrete Event Driven Simulation”, multiple replications were made for different decision-making modalities, different resource allocations, and different disaster response procedures. Statistical analysis and optimization techniques were applied to achieve the best available setting of parameters of the simulation model. In such a way, the “Medical Disaster Management Simulator” runs the “missing experimental studies” in a simplified artificial simulated disaster environment.ConclusionsSimulation optimization is an adequate tool for judging and evaluating the effectiveness and adequacy of health and relief services provided during disaster medical response. Evidence-based recommendations and codes of best practice were formulated for optimal medical disaster and military battlefield management in different large-scale event scenarios as well as for teaching, training, and research in medical disaster management.

scholarly journals Peran TNI dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Alam (Studi Kasus Peran Korem 043/Gatam dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Alam di Provinsi Lampung)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nrangwesthi Widyaningrum ◽  
Muhammad Sarip Kodar ◽  
Risma Suryani Purwanto ◽  
Agung Priambodo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Natural Disaster Management

Indonesia has the most complete types of disasters in the world such as floods, landslides, tidal waves, tornadoes, drought, forest and land fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, liquefaction and many more. Natural disasters that occur in Indonesia often just happen and it is not predictable when it will happen. This causes problems in handling natural disasters. Natural disaster management is not a matter of BNPB or BPBD, one important element is the involvement of the Indonesian National Army (TNI). One of Indonesia's regions that are vulnerable to natural disasters is Lampung Province. This research will describe how the role of the TNI in the case study in Korem 043 / Gatam in helping to overcome natural disasters in Lampung Province. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The role of the TNI in disaster management in Lampung Province is inseparable from the duties and functions of the TNI that have been mandated in Law Number 34 of 2004. Korem 043 / Gatam has taken strategic steps both from the pre-disaster, disaster response, and post-disaster phases . TNI involvement in the process of disaster management does not stand alone, but cooperates and synergizes with local governments.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Brussels Terrorist Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s91-s92
Author(s):  
Andreas Möhler
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Damage Control ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Medical Teams

Introduction:On March 22, 2016, the capital of Europe was hit by two terrorist attacks. As terrorism becomes more and more violent, it is critical to learn and share experiences in order to enhance effectiveness in saving lives.Methods:A field perspective and experience feedback from the Emergency Medical Response.Results:The first attack hit the departure hall of the airport, which, due to its strategic role, relies upon a dedicated emergency plan. However, it focuses on airplane crashes and not on explosions in a crowded terminal. The second attack hit the subway at rush hour. An attack in such a confined environment is particularly challenging for the rescue teams, as injuries are worsened, access hindered, and exits numerous.Eleven medical teams were sent in order to perform triage and provide vital care. The medical response was organized by two disaster response teams. Advanced Medical Posts were set up and the mass casualty plans of all hospitals were activated. Managing war injuries for civilian teams was challenging. On-site care consisted essentially in prehospital damage control and burn care in order to ensure rapid evacuations for haemostatic surgery. 313 victims were dispatched to thirty hospitals. Another challenge was safety. Several threats were apparent and explosives were found on both sites. Lessons from Paris had prompted a review of our multiple sites Emergency Plan. One single way of communication was used and the evacuations were managed centrally. Finally, the key factor that helped limit the number of casualties was the acquaintanceship between emergency workers and non-medical teams built during exercises, allowing them to adapt and blend in as one team.Discussion:Lessons from previous attacks were crucial to improve our management of the medical response. These should be shared around, as another attack may always occur anywhere and at any time.

scholarly journals Emergency imaging after a mass casualty incident: role of the radiology department during training for and activation of a disaster management plan

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1061) ◽  
pp. 20150984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferco H Berger ◽  
Markus Körner ◽  
Mark P Bernstein ◽  
Aaron D Sodickson ◽  
Ludo F Beenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Emergency Imaging

Anesthetic Considerations in Homeland Disasters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Perelmut ◽  
Ernesto A. Pretto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Anesthetic Considerations ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Management Functions

This chapter will primarily focus on anesthetic considerations in homeland disasters likely to require the presence of the anesthesiologist in the out-of-hospital or prehospital environment. In order to understand the context within which anesthesiologists might be asked to function in the out-of-operating room setting during disaster response, we will provide a brief review of the disaster management functions of prehospital emergency medical services (EMS)/trauma systems. We will also describe the reorganization of hospital and intensive care services necessary to handle a surge of incoming critically injured or ill casualties. Our focus will be the role of the anesthesiologist, working in partnership with community or local EMS/trauma system and its network of hospitals, since the local EMS/ambulance system constitutes the basic functional unit of disaster medical response in the United States. We will end with a brief description of the major challenges we face in the delivery of intensive care services in mass and catastrophic casualty disasters.

Developing the role of emergency physicians in humanitarian assistance and disaster response

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A7.3-A8
Author(s):  
Najeeb Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Response Team

ObjectiveTo review and summarise information from Reliefweb (information website hosted by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) regarding medical response during the first 2 weeks following Pakistan Earthquake of 2005, and the Haiti Earthquake of 2010. This information, used in conjunction with personal experiences, will demonstrate the value that emergency physicians can contribute as part of a disaster response team during humanitarian aid efforts.MethodsAll situation reports authored by the WHO (who have lead responsibility in coordinating the health response during a disaster) which were published on Reliefweb during the first 2 weeks following the relevant earthquakes were selected. These reports were screened for information relating to numbers of deaths, injuries and illness, as well as number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs)/aid groups participating in efforts, in addition to operational health facilities and capacities.ResultsSummary of the reports demonstrate the rapid increase in patient numbers and NGO participation, as well as the challenges of coordination, communication, resourcing and planning, in addition to appropriate patient management. These findings help to outline the skills required to participate and respond to such crises, many of which constitute part of emergency medicine practice.ConclusionVolunteer participation by doctors during the first few weeks following such disasters continues. However, such participation occurs in an ad-hoc fashion, with many working through a variety of NGOs, but without appropriate coordination and relevant basic training.The College of Emergency Medicine is well placed to support such efforts. This could initially be done by establishing a working group under the auspices of the College, whose role would be support the skills training of doctors wishing to volunteer, as well as work with other associations, colleges, NGOs and Government, so as to better respond to such disasters in the future, with a consolidated role for emergency physicians.

Prairie North: A joint civilian/military mass casualty exercise highlights the role of the National Guard in community disaster response

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Vukotich, PhD ◽  
Jamil D. Bayram, MD, MPH, EMDM, MEd ◽  
Miriam I. Miller, MPH, CHEC
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Mass Casualty

Palliative care in mass casualty events with scarce resources

2015 ◽  
pp. 823-834
Author(s):  
Anne Wilkinson ◽  
Marianne Matzo
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Emergency Nursing ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Mass Casualty Events ◽  
Mass Casualty Event ◽  
Response Plan

The purpose of this chapter is to offer an introduction to the topic of disaster response/emergency nursing and the role palliative care can play during a mass casualty event (MCE) for vulnerable populations not normally addressed in usual disaster planning and response. This chapter examines issues associated with providing medical care under MCE circumstances of scarce resources; the current level of preparation of nurses to respond in these emergencies; the role for palliative care in the support of individuals not expected to survive; and recommendations of specific actions for a coordinated disaster response plan.

Terrorism in France

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Carli ◽  
Caroline Telion ◽  
David Baker
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Medical Response ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Mass Casualty Events ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractFrance has experienced two waves of major terrorist bombings since 1980. In the first wave (1985–1986), eight bombings occurred in Paris, killing 13 and injuring 281. In the second wave (1995–1996), six bombings occurred in Paris and Lyon, killing 10 and injuring 262. Based on lessons learned during these events, France has developed and improved a sophisticated national system for prehospital emergency response to conventional terrorist attacks based on its national emergency medical services (EMS) system, Service d' Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU). According to the national plan for the emergency medical response to mass-casualty events (White Plan), the major phases of EMS response are: (1) alert; (2) search and rescue; (3) triage of victims and provision of critical care to first priority victims; (4) regulated dispatch of victims to hospitals; and (5) psychological assistance.Following the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack, a national plan for the emergency response to chemical and biological events (PIRATOX) was implemented. In 2002, the Ministries of Health and the Interior collaborated to produce a comprehensive national plan (BIOTOX) for the emergency response to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Key aspects of BIOTOX are the prehospital provision of specialized advance life support for toxic injuries and the protection of responders in contaminated environments. BIOTOX was successfully used during the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in France.

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