scholarly journals Distribution Network for the Last Mile of Cross-Border E-business in a Smart City at Emerging Market in Response to COVID-19: A Key Node Analysis Based on a Vision of Fourth Party Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Huo ◽  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Yinghui Cai ◽  
Ken Hung
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Fourth Party Logistics ◽  
Key Nodes

This research studies the development of distribution networks for the last mile distribution for cross-border E-business based on a vision of fourth party logistics (4PL) in smart cities in emerging markets in response to COVID-19. This research analyzes the distribution centers of distribution companies in Beijing city using fuzzy cluster analysis as a case study of smart cities. The location decision for distribution centers to serve cross-border E-business is further analyzed by considering the local conditions of the distribution centers. The solutions to the location decisions for distribution centers in different cases are further visualized by 2-mode networks. The key nodes in the distribution network of the last mile for cross-border E-business are further studied based on fourth-party logistics by a immune algorithm. Cross-border E-business value creation based on the development of distribution networks using fourth-party logistics is further discussed. The location distribution of key nodes can spread from the downtown district to suburban areas as the coverage of the distribution network is expanded. This research can help managers and decision makers address the last mile distribution for cross-border E-business in smart cities in emerging markets based on a vision of fourth-party logistics in response to COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Discrete Simulation-Based Optimization Algorithm for the Design of Highly Responsive Last-Mile Distribution Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Snoeck ◽  
Matthias Winkenbach
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distribution Network Design ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Simulation Based Optimization ◽  
Congestion Effects

Online and omnichannel retailers are proposing increasingly tight delivery deadlines, moving toward instant on-demand delivery. To operate last-mile distribution systems with such tight delivery deadlines efficiently, defining the right strategic distribution network design is of paramount importance. However, this problem exceeds the complexity of the strategic design of traditional last-mile distribution networks for two main reasons: (1) the reduced time available for order handling and delivery and (2) the absence of a delivery cut-off time that clearly separates order collection and delivery periods. This renders state-of-the-art last-mile distribution network design models inappropriate, as they assume periodic order fulfillment based on a delivery cutoff. In this study, we propose a metamodel simulation-based optimization (SO) approach to strategically design last-mile distribution networks with tight delivery deadlines. Our methodology integrates an in-depth simulator with traditional optimization techniques by extending a traditional black-box SO algorithm with an analytical model that captures the underlying structure of the decision problem. Based on a numerical study inspired by the efforts of a global fashion company to introduce on-demand distribution with tight delivery deadlines in Manhattan, we show that our approach outperforms contemporary SO approaches as well as deterministic and stochastic programming methods. In particular, our method systematically yields network designs with superior expected cost performance. Furthermore, it converges to good solutions with a lower computational budget and is more consistent in finding high-quality solutions. We show how congestion effects in the processing of orders at facilities negatively impact the network performance through late delivery of orders and reduced potential for consolidation. In addition, we show that the sensitivity of the optimal network design to congestion effects in order processing at the facilities increases as delivery deadlines become increasingly tight.

Cross-border acquisitions of emerging markets firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Post Merger Integration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Merger Integration ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Merger and acquisitions (M&As) involving foreign firms is one of the many consequences of globalization. Participating in such cross-border ventures provides organizations with valuable opportunities to increase their presence on the international stage. But post-merger integration can be a time of considerable dilemma for the acquiring company. A major question facing most is what form marketing strategies should take. Are standardized approaches most relevant or is it better to adapt these strategies to ensure their suitability for localized environments? The issue is especially important for companies based within emerging markets. Statistics show that emerging market firms are increasingly engaging in cross-border acquisitions. However, research into the strategies deployed has thus far been minimal. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Do cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms create value

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Narayan ◽  
M. Thenmozhi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Emerging Market Firms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to M&A literature by explicitly investigating whether cross-border acquisitions involving emerging markets, either as acquirers or as targets, create value and how is the performance outcome in such acquisitions impacted by deal-specific characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses industry-adjusted operating performance to measure acquisition gains, the Wilcoxon signed rank test to examine value creation potential and OLS regression to evaluate the impact of deal characteristics on acquisition gains. Findings – The authors find very pronounced value destruction when emerging market firms acquire targets in developed markets, the adverse outcome being further aggravated when the mode of acquisition is “tender offer” rather than a “negotiated deal”. On the other hand, when developed market firms acquire targets from emerging markets, there is an even chance of value creation, the outcome being favourably influenced by the pre-acquisition performance of the two firms, relative size of the target and cash (not stock-swap) as the mode of payment. Originality/value – The findings from this paper offer an important, statistically significant explanation on the value creation potential and the impact of deal characteristics on post-acquisition operating performance in cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms. This finding assumes immense significance, given the rapidly changing landscape of global M&A, witnessed through a continuous rise in the volume and value of cross-border acquisitions involving emerging market firms.

scholarly journals A Propose Model Optimal Supply Chain Distribution Network for Farmer Industrial

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Ammar Salamh Mujali Al-Rawahna ◽  
Anas Yahya Bader Al Hadid
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
External Interface

A supply chain should be operated in the most efficient way in a highly competitive environment, with the goals of cost minimization, shipment delays, inventories and expenditures, and distribution maximization, gain, return on investment, level of customer support, and efficiency. The development of supply-chain distribution networks is therefore an extremely complex task, due to the large physical production and distribution network flows, the uncertainties associated with external interface customers and suppliers as well as the non-linear dynamics linked to internal information flows. This study aims to address a problem in domestic distribution in a supply chain system that includes manufacturers, distribution centers and consumer zones to determine the optimum configuration of the network. We propose a mixed integer linear programming model to solve the problem.

Association between distribution centre design and contextual characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cardoso Guimarães ◽  
Guilherme Tortorella ◽  
Carlos Manoel Taboada ◽  
Moacir Godinho Filho ◽  
Felipe Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Centre ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contextual Characteristic ◽  
Support Decision Making

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the main decisions for designing distribution centers (DCs) and the contextual characteristics of the distribution networks. Design/methodology/approach Experts were surveyed and responses analyzed quantitatively through multivariate data techniques. This study considered four contextual characteristics that were deemed as influential for DC design: types of routes in the distribution network, quantity of DCs, distribution network levels and company size. Findings This paper evidenced which decisions are affected by each contextual characteristic encompassed in this study. This paper identified that the characteristic types of route in the distribution network must be carefully considered, as it had the greatest amount of associations with the decisions for designing a DC. Originality/value Despite its importance, most studies on design of DCs disregard the effect of the context in which DCs are inserted. This research provides arguments to support decision-making process of DCs design, increasing assertiveness of their planning. This work fulfills a literature gap by empirically examining the effect of contextual variables on the decisions related to DC design. Regarding practice, this paper addressed a fundamental issue for managers looking to design a DC, as it evidenced how contextual characteristics impact the decision-making.

Managing distribution networks in emerging markets. Evidence from the furniture sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Bortoluzzi ◽  
Maria Chiarvesio ◽  
Raffaella Tabacco
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Set Up

Purpose – This paper aims to examine how three firms set up distribution networks in China and India. The authors highlight the criticalities in this process and the modifications necessary to adapt the firms’ distribution networks to the local conditions of both markets. Firms entering emerging markets (EMs) must deal with specific business and environmental conditions that can jeopardise their ability to succeed. The establishment of a proper distribution network is among the most pressing priorities for entering firms. Design/methodology/approach – The case study approach was used to analyse three European firms in the furniture sector. Findings – The results show that several adaptations of already-tested solutions were necessary to cope with the specificities of both markets. Such adaptations differently involved the three layers that form the firms’ distribution network: actors, activities and resources. Theoretical and managerial implications are derived from the results. Research limitations/implications – This paper considers only three firms, which belong to the same sector and target a similar market segment (the high-end market). Therefore, the conclusions can be generalised only under certain conditions. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the development of international marketing literature by specifically studying distribution networks in EM contexts.

Influence of COO on product evaluation of mobile phones by Indian consumers: an empirical study

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Banerjee ◽  
Bibek Ray Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Mobile Handset ◽  
Awareness Level

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to attempt to address the effect of country of origin (COO) from three different dimensions, namely, country image (CI) effect, COO image effect and awareness level about the COO of the brand and its resultant effect on product evaluation (PrEva). Further, the brand awareness, level of involvement and the COO interaction effect on consumer PrEva has also been studied to indicate the intensity of COO impact. Due to rapid globalization and reduction in trade barriers, major emerging economics from Asia witnessed entry of cross-border brands into their markets. India, as an emerging economy, has also followed the trend. In this backdrop, the present study is proposed for a better understanding of the effect of COO on PrEva. Design/methodology/approach – The study has been conducted in India, and the mobile phone market has been taken as the hub of the study because of the presence of maximum cross-border companies in India. The study is built on existing literature on influence of COO, brand image (BI), awareness about brands, CI and product image on consumer’s evaluation of mobile phones. Seven theoretical constructs have been used to test the relationship between the COO and consumer PrEva for the selected product with the help of structural equation modeling technique. Findings – The study shows that brand awareness for the class of mobile phones selected does not affect PrEva whereas CI, which is a general perception about the country from where the product originates, significantly affects consumers’ PrEva. Results also show that COO does not act as a mediator between CI and PrEva even though COO has a significant negative direct effect on PrEva. Thus, from this study, the learning for marketers in this price segment for mobile phones in emerging markets is that consumers are more sensitive to features per price than any other influencers. So, BI and/or COO are not sufficient conditions for product success in emerging market like India. Research limitations/implications – The findings are outcomes of an empirical study conducted in mobile handset industry of India based on the sample set of urban consumers in the city of Kolkata, India. It is quite possible that there may be other issues relevant to other parts of the country. This may influence the degree of association studied herein. Hence, the results may be treated with caution in terms of the generalizations of the same to other regions and countries. The study may, in future, be done by including questions related to price sensitivity and perception about features of the mobile phone hand-sets. This may give a clearer picture about the influences of these factors on PrEva of mobile phones in emerging markets. Finally, this study should be repeated in other major emerging markets to test the general applicability of the theoretical model and the empirical results introduced in this paper. Practical implications – For the low-end mobile handset market, general country characteristics from where the product originates reduce the importance of specific product attributes in evaluating the product. We may further conclude from the present study that the country’s overall image can be an effective tool to influence the consumer PrEva process. To be competitive in an emerging country like India, multinational firms should promote the overall country’s image to cement relationship with target consumers. Originality/value – Moreover, Ahmed and d’Astous (1996) viewed that several empirical research have independently focused on the impact of COO on the country, product or brand level, but there is lack of an integrated approach in this regard to capture different propensity of effects of COO at different levels. To our knowledge, it is one of the first attempts to analyze consumers’ PrEva of mobile phones in an emerging market.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

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