scholarly journals The River Corridor's Evolving Connectivity of Lotic and Lentic Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson W. Harvey ◽  
Noah M. Schmadel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Areal Coverage ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Trajectories Of Change ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Stormwater Control ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
Control Water ◽  
River Corridor

River corridors supply a substantial proportion of the fresh water for societal and ecological needs. Individual functions of flowing (lotic) streams and rivers and ponded (lentic) waterbodies such as lakes and reservoirs are well-studied, but their collective functions are not as well understood. Here we bring together nationally consistent river corridor datasets to characterize the contributions of lotic and lentic features and to estimate changes over the past centuries. High-resolution datasets describing waterbodies across 10 million kilometers of the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) river network were classified by waterbody type and origin (historic vs. human-made or intensively managed), surface areal coverage, and degree of connectivity as estimated by a change in water residence timescale in river corridors. Four centuries of human disturbance drove large swings in river corridor makeup, with a transition toward more lotic systems caused by beaver extirpation and abandonment of waterwheel mill ponds by end of the nineteenth century. The twentieth century saw a vast expansion (49%) in river corridor areal coverage resulting from construction and management of small ponds and reservoirs for drinking water, hydropower, irrigation and livestock watering, and stormwater control. Water residence timescale in river corridors doubled or quadrupled over large areas, and more in specific locations, during the twentieth century as a result of the increased coverage of reservoirs and managed small ponds. Although reservoirs and lakes now dominate river corridor surface areas, we found that the growing number of small ponds impacts a greater proportion of network length through their influence on headwater streams where most water and chemical runoff enters the river corridor. We close with an agenda for integrated modeling of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecological drivers of river corridor functions, trajectories of change, and management opportunities.

PENGARUH KONDISI EKOSISTEM DARAT KORIDOR SUNGAI TERHADAP DANAU RAWA PENING

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hanggari Sittadewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor ◽  
Environment Degradation

Environment degradation in Rawa Pening’s lake is caused of descend lake’s functions for some potentions and activities around the lake. Some problems in the Rawa Pening’s lake has emerged i.e : decrease water quality of lake, abundance of water hyacinth growth and increase sediment in the bottom lake. A research about infl uences of land ecosystem on Panjang and Galeh river corridors for Rawa Pening’s lake has been done. Two rivers named Galeh and Panjang are the largest water contribution in Rawa Pening’s lake. That caused the land characteristic ecosystem of that river corridors gives infl uences in the Rawa Pening’s lake.Key words: land ecosystem, river corridor, water contribution, Rawa Pening Lake.

Open source riverscapes: Analyzing the river corridor of the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan based on open access data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Betz ◽  
Magdalena Lauermann ◽  
Bernd Cyffka
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Open Access Data ◽  
Access Data ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

<p>In fluvial geomorphology as well as in freshwater ecology, rivers are commonly seen as nested hierarchical systems functioning over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Thus, for a comprehensive assessment, information on various scales is required. Over the past decade, remote sensing based approaches have become increasingly popular in river science to increase the spatial scale of analysis. However, data-scarce areas have been mostly ignored so far despite the fact that most remaining free flowing – and thus ecologically valuable – rivers worldwide are located in regions characterized by a lack of data sources like LiDAR or even aerial imagery. High resolution satellite data would be able to fill this data gap, but tends to be too costly for large scale applications what limits the ability for comprehensive studies on river systems in such remote areas. This in turn is a limitation for management and conservation of these rivers.</p><p>In this contribution, we suggest an approach for river corridor mapping based on open access data only in order to foster large scale geomorphological mapping of river corridors in data-scarce areas. For this aim, we combine advanced terrain analysis with multispectral remote sensing using the SRTM-1 DEM along with Landsat OLI imagery. We take the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan as an example to demonstrate the potential of these open access data sets to derive a comprehensive set of parameters for characterizing this river corridor. The methods are adapted to the specific characteristics of medium resolution open access data sets and include an innovative, fuzzy logic based approach for riparian zone delineation, longitudinal profile smoothing based on constrained quantile regression and a delineation of the active channel width as needed for specific stream power computation. In addition, an indicator for river dynamics based on Landsat time series is developed. For each derived river corridor parameter, a rigor validation is performed. The results demonstrate, that our open access approach for geomorphological mapping of river corridors is capable to provide results sufficiently accurate to derive reach averaged information. Thus, it is well suited for large scale river characterization in data-scarce regions where otherwise the river corridors would remain largely unexplored from an up-to-date riverscape perspective. Such a characterization might be an entry point for further, more detailed research in selected study reaches and can deliver the required comprehensive background information for a range of topics in river science.</p>

scholarly journals The Influence of Climate Change on River Corridors in Drylands: The Case of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz ◽  
Eugenia López-López
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Salado River ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico (TCBR) is the southernmost arid or semi-arid zone with the highest biodiversity in North America and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Two main hydrographic streams cross the TCBR, the Salado River (an endogenous river) and the Grande River (an exogenous river). This study investigated temperature anomalies over the past 40 years. We analyzed potential differences between sub-basins and riparian areas on both streams using various indices, namely the Global Warming Index (GWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI), and analyzed the potential relationship of these indices with climate change. Time series of satellite-based precipitation (June 2000–December 2020) and air temperature (January 1980–December 2020) were analyzed. A set of Landsat 8 OLI TIRS imagery from the driest and wettest months (2013–2020) was used to estimate NDVI, NDWI, and NDDI. These indices were evaluated separately for the sub-basins and river corridors in the dry and rainy seasons. The precipitation records indicate that in the Grande river sub-basin, precipitation is higher than in the Salado river sub basin. Normalized temperature anomalies and the GWI suggest a warming trend from 1994 to 2020, increasing up to 0.86°C in the Salado River and 0.52°C in the Grande River. The Grande and Salado sub basins showed significant differences between dry and wet seasons for each index (NDVI, NDWI, and NDDI). A Discriminant Analysis showed that the Salado sub-basin and the Salado River corridor are associated with severe drying conditions in the dry season (highest NDDI values). In the wet season, the Grande River corridor showed intermediate values of NDVI and NDWI but low values of NDDI. The Grande River corridor in the dry season was characterized by intermediate values of NDVI, NDWI, and NDDI. These river corridors provide environmental services in a trade-off with the stream and should be considered biodiversity hotspots. Due to the accentuated warming trend and the lowest precipitation, the Salado River sub-basin showed desertification signs associated with climate change. Both the Salado and the Grande River corridors showed resilience strategies to face climatic conditions.

scholarly journals WHONDRS: a Community Resource for Studying Dynamic River Corridors

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Stegen ◽  
Amy E. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Community Resource ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

ABSTRACT The Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS) aims to galvanize a global community to provide the scientific basis for improved management of dynamic river corridors. WHONDRS is a global research consortium working to understand connections among dynamic hydrology, biogeochemistry, and microbiology in river corridors from local to global scales. WHONDRS ascribes to the perspective that resources, knowledge, and data belong to the community as a whole and that science advances more rapidly and more robustly through community ownership. As such, WHONDRS provides free access to novel instrumentation, molecular analysis, and well-curated data associated with river corridor hydrology, biogeochemistry, and microbiology. There are a number of ways to be involved in WHONDRS, ranging from one-time surface water sampling to installation of WHONDRS-developed multiparameter sensors for continuous monitoring. WHONDRS hinges on broad involvement, and we encourage all interested parties to contact us and become part of the consortium.

Spatial heterogeneity as a component of river geomorphic complexity

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wohl
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
River Management ◽  
River Networks ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

One component of geomorphic complexity results from spatial heterogeneity in river corridors. The characteristics of this form of complexity have important implications for habitat and biodiversity, attenuation of downstream fluxes, resistance and resilience of river ecosystems, river processes, ability to characterize patterns and changes through time, and river management and restoration. Numerous measures of complexity have been applied to heterogeneity from spatial scales of bed grain size distribution to entire river networks. Studies explicitly incorporating geomorphic complexity have increased substantially since 2000, but there is no single, widely used metric of complexity. Despite increasingly explicit scientific appreciation of the importance of complexity in river corridors, public attitudes toward rivers continue to emphasize an attractive appearance, which commonly equates to a physically simple and homogeneous river corridor.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Approach to Modeling the Geospatial Impact of Typical Urban Threats on the Habitat Quality of River Corridors

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Hack ◽  
Diana Molewijk ◽  
Manuel R. Beißler
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Urban Impacts ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

While for most of a landscape, urbanization leads to a significant habitat loss, rivers in urban areas are usually maintained or developed for their drainage function. Rivers are often the most important biophysical and ecological connection of cities with their surrounding ecosystems, although usually heavily altered due to urban impacts. For the conservation of urban rivers as ecological corridors, it is important to assess the impact of typical urban threats on habitat quality. In this study, we used the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Trade-offs) habitat quality model to assess the individual and combined impacts of built-up areas, first- and second-order road and water pollution from urban drainage, and wastewater discharge on habitat quality within a 200 m wide river corridor. The Pochote River in León, Nicaragua, was used as a case study. Our results show the spatial distribution and magnitude of the individual threat impacts, as well as the respective contribution of each threat to the overall impact of urbanization on the habitat quality within the river corridor. While close to the city center, all threats almost equally contributed to severe habitat degradation, while further downstream, an individual threat influence became more distinct with only water pollution having a consistent negative impact. We concluded that the InVEST habitat quality model can be used to assess the impact of typical urban threats on habitat quality in river corridors at a high spatial resolution. The results can help to improve urban planning and development to improve habitat conservation along urban rivers.

scholarly journals Volume Variations of Small Inland Water Bodies from a Combination of Satellite Altimetry and Optical Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schwatke ◽  
Denise Dettmering ◽  
Florian Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Optical Imagery

In this study, a new approach for estimating volume variations of lakes and reservoirs using water levels from satellite altimetry and surface areas from optical imagery is presented. Both input data sets, namely water level time series and surface area time series, are provided by the Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters (DAHITI), developed and maintained by the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinsitut der Technischen Universität München (DGFI-TUM). The approach is divided into three parts. In the first part, a hypsometry model based on the new modified Strahler approach is computed by combining water levels and surface areas. The hypsometry model describes the dependency between water levels and surface areas of lakes and reservoirs. In the second part, a bathymetry between minimum and maximum surface area is computed. For this purpose, DAHITI land-water masks are stacked using water levels derived from the hypsometry model. Finally, water levels and surface areas are intersected with the bathymetry to estimate a time series of volume variations in relation to the minimum observed surface area. The results are validated with volume time series derived from in-situ water levels in combination with bathymetric surveys. In this study, 28 lakes and reservoirs located in Texas are investigated. The absolute volumes of the investigated lakes and reservoirs vary between 0.062 km 3 and 6.041 km 3 . The correlation coefficients of the resulting volume variation time series with validation data vary between 0.80 and 0.99. Overall, the relative errors with respect to volume variations vary between 2.8% and 14.9% with an average of 8.3% for all 28 investigated lakes and reservoirs. When comparing the resulting RMSE with absolute volumes, the absolute errors vary between 1.5% and 6.4% with an average of 3.1%. This study shows that volume variations can be calculated with a high accuracy which depends essentially on the quality of the used water levels and surface areas. In addition, this study provides a hypsometry model, high-resolution bathymetry and water level time series derived from surface areas based on the hypsometry model. All data sets are publicly available on the Database of Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters.

scholarly journals River water quality changes in New Zealand over 26 years: response to land use intensity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1149-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P. Julian ◽  
Kirsten M. de Beurs ◽  
Braden Owsley ◽  
Robert J. Davies-Colley ◽  
Anne-Gaelle E. Ausseil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Areal Coverage ◽  
Legacy Nutrients ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract. Relationships between land use and water quality are complex with interdependencies, feedbacks, and legacy effects. Most river water quality studies have assessed catchment land use as areal coverage, but here, we hypothesize and test whether land use intensity – the inputs (fertilizer, livestock) and activities (vegetation removal) of land use – is a better predictor of environmental impact. We use New Zealand (NZ) as a case study because it has had one of the highest rates of agricultural land intensification globally over recent decades. We interpreted water quality state and trends for the 26 years from 1989 to 2014 in the National Rivers Water Quality Network (NRWQN) – consisting of 77 sites on 35 mostly large river systems. To characterize land use intensity, we analyzed spatial and temporal changes in livestock density and land disturbance (i.e., bare soil resulting from vegetation loss by either grazing or forest harvesting) at the catchment scale, as well as fertilizer inputs at the national scale. Using simple multivariate statistical analyses across the 77 catchments, we found that median visual water clarity was best predicted inversely by areal coverage of intensively managed pastures. The primary predictor for all four nutrient variables (TN, NOx, TP, DRP), however, was cattle density, with plantation forest coverage as the secondary predictor variable. While land disturbance was not itself a strong predictor of water quality, it did help explain outliers of land use–water quality relationships. From 1990 to 2014, visual clarity significantly improved in 35 out of 77 (34∕77) catchments, which we attribute mainly to increased dairy cattle exclusion from rivers (despite dairy expansion) and the considerable decrease in sheep numbers across the NZ landscape, from 58 million sheep in 1990 to 31 million in 2012. Nutrient concentrations increased in many of NZ's rivers with dissolved oxidized nitrogen significantly increasing in 27∕77 catchments, which we largely attribute to increased cattle density and legacy nutrients that have built up on intensively managed grasslands and plantation forests since the 1950s and are slowly leaking to the rivers. Despite recent improvements in water quality for some NZ rivers, these legacy nutrients and continued agricultural intensification are expected to pose broad-scale environmental problems for decades to come.

scholarly journals River corridor ventilation analysis and riverfront planning strategy in Tianjin’s urban core area

2021 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Tong Ma ◽  
Tian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Core Area ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
River Corridor

River corridors are important potential wind path in cities. This paper took the river in the core area of Tianjin as the research object. By using two ventilation indicators as frontal area index (FAI) and frontal area density (FAD), the overall ventilation and pedestrian level ventilation of riverfront area were quantitatively analyzed. The result showed that contrary to common belief, due to the high FAI of the riverfront area, river corridor in Tianjin’s core area did not play the role of wind path but obstructed the wind flow. Also the low FAD indicator of the riverfront area lead to a better outdoor comfort in summer but worse comfort in winter. After verified the correlation between planning indicators (floor area ratio, building height and site coverage) and ventilation indicators, a cluster pattern urban riverfront development mode was proposed. Also a ventilation corridor planning methods based on the river direction and dominant wind direction was suggested. These planning strategy will be more conductive to the wind path and cooling island potential of the river corridors in urban core area.

scholarly journals Climate-induced Vulnerability Assessment: A Case of Seti River Corridor, Central Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Udhab Raj Khadka ◽  
Krishna Prasad Poudel ◽  
Shesh Kanta Kafle ◽  
Sushan Acharya ◽  
Ram Prasad Gotame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
High Category ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
River Corridors ◽  
Very High ◽  
River Corridor

There are greater consensus among the climate scientists that the global warming and associated climate change has triggered the hazards and increased community vulnerability in the recent years. As river corridors are the active resources and energy flow regimes, the vulnerability concentrated along the river corridors are likely to hamper the regulatory mechanisms of biological, physical and anthropogenic systems. This paper focuses on multi-criteria based vulnerability mapping along the Seti River corridor. For the purpose, different physical and social parameters like altitude, aspect, slope, climatic condition, land-use and land-cover, and population distribution and its demographic characteristics were used. All measurable parameters were assigned with intensity of occurrences of impact factor according to their respective scales. The domination of those impact factors was measured with respect to the total area of Village Development Committee/Municipality scale (the lowest administrative units). The sum of the computed value was classified in five-point scale in relative degree of severity, i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low. The integration process was based on GIS Environment and all the data were spatially referenced. The results show up-stream region of the corridor is at higher risk, where 5.1% of the total area is under the very high category. The mid-stream area covers 2.2% under very high category, and none of the down-stream area falls within this category. The combination of both physiographic complexities and human activities determines the vulnerability of the landscape. The outcome of the mapping is recommended for adoption during disaster risk reduction and management and climate change adaptation practices at the community level.

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