Inoculation With Growth-Promoting Bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Its Effects on Productivity and Nutritional Accumulation of Wheat Cultivars

Agricultural practices that allow a productive increase in a sustainable manner are becoming increasingly necessary to feed an ever-growing global population. The inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has the potential to reduce the use of synthetic mineral fertilizers with efficient capacity to promote plant growth and increase nutrition. Therefore, this research was developed to investigate the potential use of A. brasilense to increase the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients and its influence on grain yield, plant height, and spike population in two wheat cultivars (CD1104 and CD150), under irrigated conditions in the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was carried out in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-tillage system. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with six replications, arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme: two cultivars (CD150 and CD1104) and two levels of inoculation (control and with A. brasilense). The inoculation with A. brasilense provided greater accumulation of micronutrients in the aerial part of the wheat. In the cultivar CD1104, B and Cu had an accumulation 27.7 and 57.4% higher compared with those of the control without bacteria. In the cultivar CD150, Azospirillum increased the accumulation of B, Fe, and Mn by 43.8, 49.9, and 22%, respectively, and reduced Cu by 21.9%, compared with those of the control. The cultivar CD150 has greater efficiency to accumulate N (+35.5 kg N ha−1) as compared with the cultivar CD1104. Interactions between inoculation and cultivars resulted in greater accumulation of S and K in the shoot of the wheat cultivar CD150, as well greater accumulation of Cu in CD1104. In growth assessments, inoculation or cultivars did not statistically influence wheat grain yield and spike population. Howevere, for plant height, the CD1104 genotype has 13.1% bigger plant height on average than that of the CD150 genotype. Inoculation can contribute more sustainably to wheat nutrition.

Download Full-text

Wheat yield in the Cerrado as affected by nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000900012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 794-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽

Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽

Cleiton José Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Urease Inhibitor ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Spike Number ◽

Tillage System ◽

Irrigated Wheat ◽

N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, associated with N rates and sources, in soil of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna), on the grain yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiment was carried out under a no-tillage system in a Typic Haplustox. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, in a 2x5x2 factorial arrangement: two N sources (urea and urea with NBPT urease inhibitor); five N rates applied as topdressing (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1); and with or without seed inoculation with A.brasilense. The increase in the N rates positively affected spike length, number of spikelets and of grains per spike, number of spikes per meter, N accumulation in the straw, leaf chlorophyll content, and grain yield of irrigated wheat, regardless of the use of NBPT urease inhibitor with conventional urea. Singly, inoculation with A.brasilense does not affect production components and grain yield, despite the increase in N content in wheat straw. The inoculation with A.brasilense, associated with the application of 140 kg ha-1 N, provides the highest grain yield of irrigated wheat cropped after corn in low-altitude Cerrado.

Download Full-text

Response of four wheat cultivars to applications of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9720075 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 12 (54) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

LB Lowe ◽

OG Carter

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Unit Area ◽

Differential Response ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Height Reduction ◽

Height Data

The effect of CCC on the grain yield of two Australian and two Mexican semi-dwarf cultivars, with two seeding rates, and two levels of N fertilizer, was studied in the held. Grain yield increases, particularly in CV. Timgalen, were produced by CCC through the control of lodging, an increase in the number of grains per ear and an increase in the number of ears per unit area. Even where only a small effect on height was produced in CV. Pitic 62, the grain yield was increased as a result of more ear-bearing tillers. No significant grain yield increases were found in R.K.F. The delay in ear emergence in some cultivars as a result of CCC did not change the number of florets formed but it may have improved floral fertility as indicated by the higher number of grains per ear at harvest. The differential response of the cultivars to CCC is demonstrated by the plant height data. In decreasing order of height reduction they were Robin, Timgalen, Pitic 62 and R.K.F.

Download Full-text

Ecological assessment of the condition of soil and field crops cultivation with application of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine

Ecology and Noospherology ◽

10.15421/032004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

O. I. Tsyliuryk ◽

V. I. Chorna ◽

N. V. Voroshylova ◽

L. M. Desyatnik

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Concentration Limit ◽

Field Crops ◽

Tillage System ◽

Digestible Protein

In order to obtain a higher level of crop yields in crop rotation, there is a need to increase the application of fertilizers and pesticides, which, in turn, creates environmental problems of soil and groundwater pollution by harmful chemical elements and compounds. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of fertilizer systems with different tillage systems on the accumulation of heavy metals and nitrates in the soil and the main products of field crops. Bookmarking and conducting field experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research. The maximum increase in grain yield from the use of N48Р18K18 on the shelf tillage system was – 0.25 (8.7%), grain units – 0.36 (9.9%), feed units – 0.41 (10.3%), digestible protein – 0.02 (5.0%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in a differentiated tillage system increased grain yield by 0.34 (12.2%), grain units – 0.49 (13.5%), feed units – 1.12 (28.0%), digestible protein – 0.06 (13.6%) t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of N48Р18K18 in crop rotation with a shallow (mulching) tillage system gave an increase in grain yield by 0.38 (13.6%), grain units – 0.51 (14.2%), feed units – 0.57 (14.5%), digestible protein – 0.07 (15.9%) t/ha of crop rotation area. According to the results of research, the highest increases in mineral fertilizers in terms of productivity were characteristic of a shallow (mulching) background with a characteristic stricter nutrient regime. Our research has not found a significant increase in the content of heavy metals and nitrates in the main and by-products of field crops when applying mineral fertilizers, because their content in the products was within acceptable concentrations. The content of nitrates in the grain of different crops ranged from 18 to 40.4 mg/kg at a maximum concentration limit of 300 mg/kg. High culture of agriculture, improvement and development of new, more effective technologies of application of fertilizers in crop rotation and under each field crop taking into account soil and climatic conditions of the region, biological features of cultures and grades, specialization of crop rotations, etc. prevent environmental pollution. Rational use of mineral and organic fertilizers helps to increase soil fertility and is a major and indispensable factor in significantly increasing plant productivity and crop quality, maintaining an active biological and economic balance of nutrients without contamination of the environment with nitrates and heavy metals.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Response of Sorghum to Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilization

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/6614962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Marwan Ramadhan ◽

Sadiq Muhsin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Tillage System ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L ◽

1000 Grain Weight

In the subtropical semi-arid zones, sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) productivity is limited by numerous constraints. Relatively few studies have been conducted to measure the response of grain sorghum varieties to tillage and nitrogen. For sustainable crop production, selected tillage practice and fertilizer application are important. Field experiments were conducted at Al Qurna (QL), 74 km northwest Basrah province and Shatt al-Arab (SHL) and 17 km east Basrah province. A randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-split plot, was used with three replications. The tillage system was no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT), while sorghum varieties were Inqadh, Rabih, and Cavire 2, and four levels of N fertilizer, viz., 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1. The objective of research was to evaluate two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties to tillage system and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The application of tillage was shown to enhance the growth of sorghum as observed in the plant height, leaf area, number of grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter. CT surpassed the other treatments for all studied traits. The highest value of plant height, number of grains panicle−1, grain yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter in the QL and SHL locations, respectively, were produced by Cavire 2. The plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 maximize the values of plant height (132.33 cm in the SHL location), leaf area (3040.53 and 2751.47 cm2 in the QL and SHL location respectively), number of grains panicle−1 (1431.37 in the SHL location), 1000-grain weight (31.77 g in the QL location), biomass yield (15752.00 kg ha−1 in the SHL location), and root dry matter (22.42 and 20.75 g root cm−3 in the QL and SHL locations, respectively). Cavire 2 variety under CT with 80 kg N ha−1 in the QL location was the best (observed as the most promising) in terms of grain yield. Whereas Cavire 2 under CT showed best performance with 120 kg N ha−1 in the QL location in terms of biomass yield character.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen management alternatives using Azospirillum brasilense in wheat

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2019.v54.00276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janete Denardi Munareto ◽

Thomas Newton Martin ◽

Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽

Vinícius dos Santos Cunha ◽

Guilherme Bergeijer da Rosa

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Management Alternatives

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate nitrogen management alternatives using Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) by seed and foliar applications. Treatments consisted of the inoculation or not of A. brasilense, via seed and leaves, associated with topdressing with 0, 70, and 140 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Three wheat cultivars were tested: BRS Parrudo, TBIO Quartzo, and TBIO Sinuelo. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with three replicates. The following traits were evaluated: number of emerged plants, tillers, spikelets per ear, grains per ear, and grains per spikelet; 1,000-grain mass; hectoliter mass; and grain yield. The foliar management of A. brasilense showed a better association with the TBIO Sinuelo cultivar. The foliar application of A. brasilense, whether alone or combined with seed treatment, increases the grain yield and yield components of the evaluated cultivars.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Grain Yield of Two Varieties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Subjected to Four Agricultural Practices in Gùrué District, Mozambique

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v36i530247 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Germias Horácio António ◽

José Bofana ◽

Francisco Gimo ◽

Sueco Albino Cipriano

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Zero Tillage ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Experimental Field ◽

Two Factors

To evaluate the effect of four agricultural practices on grain yield, two varieties (IT-16 and IT-18) of cowpeas were tested in the agricultural year 2016/2017 an experimental field where the following agricultural practices were tested: tillage, tillage + mulch, zero tillage and zero tillage + mulch. The randomized complete blocks design, a scheme consisting of two factors: agronomic practices and varieties was used. The plant height, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds and grain yield in kg ha-1 were considered as parameters for analysis. From the results, it was concluded that for the yield of grain of different varieties under study, the variety IT-18 subjected to zero tillage + mulch and the variety IT-16 subjected to tillage had better performance achieving 2600.00 kg ha-1 and 1725.00 kg ha-1 respectively; therefore, recommended to the farmers.

Download Full-text

Azospirillum brasilense AND COMPOUND OF PHYTOHORMONES AS BIOSTIMULANTS IN JALO PRECOCE BEANS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v8i2.5974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e5974

Author(s):

Allisson Sousa Moreira ◽

Lucymara Merquides Contardi ◽

Lucas Jandrey Camilo ◽

Maria Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Medium Correlation

Beans are one of the most important crops in Brazil but still have a low yield. The use of technologies such as the application of biostimulants can provide greater yield for the crop. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the effect of using Azospirillum brasilense and phytohormones on Jalo Precoce beans. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control, Stimulate (compound of phytohormones), and A. brasilense applied isolated or associated to the seeds or in a furrow. The plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, the weight of grains per pod, and 100-grain weight were favored by A. brasilense and compound of phytohormones. The highest yield of Jalo Precoce beans (2218 kg ha-1) was obtained using the A. brasilense + phytohormone compound applied in the sowing furrow. The grain yield of Jalo Precoce beans showed a high positive correlation with the number of pods per plant and medium correlation with stem diameter and shoot dry matter.

Download Full-text

Technical and economic viability of cowpea co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. and nitrogen doses

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n5p304-311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 304-311

Author(s):

Fernando S. Galindo ◽

Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽

Edson C. da Silva ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Guilherme C. Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Operating Profit ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Bradyrhizobium Spp

ABSTRACT Biological nitrogen fixation efficiency can be increased by co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense, allowing even greater uptake of water and nutrients, leading to higher yields and enabling the insertion of unusual crops, such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), in the agricultural production system in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of cowpea in the Cerrado region, as a function of N doses and co-inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium. The study was carried out in a no-tillage system in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four repetitions, arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, corresponding to three types of inoculation (without inoculation - control, with two strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. SEMIA 6462 and SEMIA 6463 - the conventional inoculation of cowpea, and these two strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. plus A. brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6); and five N doses (0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha-1), as urea, applied as topdressing. The following evaluations were performed: grain yield, total operating cost, effective operating cost, gross revenue, operating profit, profitability index, equilibrium price and equilibrium yield. Co-inoculation with A. brasilense increases cowpea grain yield, which makes cowpea production in the Cerrado region of Brazil technically and economically viable, without the need to apply N fertilizers in topdressing.

Download Full-text

Sunflower Response to Additional Nutrition at Different Systems of Basic Treatment of Soil

Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS ◽

10.36710/ioc-2019-28-12 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 118-129

Keyword(s):

Classical System ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Boron Chelate ◽

Number Of Seeds

Ways of increasing sunflower yield in the modern conditions of the agrarian-industrial complex of the country should be based on the complex performance of scientifically grounded technological operations. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of the system of basic tillage, the use of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters on the formation of productivity of sunflower hybrid Ratnik. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of the UAAS. The sowing was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 6-7 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 50 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Basic tillage systems: classic – two-track disc, plowing (PN-3-35) to a depth of 22-25 cm; bottomless – two-track disc, endless tillage (KLD-3.0) to a depth of 25-27 cm; minimal – two-track discus, cultivation (KPS-4,0) to a depth of 10-12 cm. Mineral fertilizer application options: 1. Control – no fertilizer, 2. N40, 3. N40P60, 4. N60P60K60. Application options: 1. Control – treatment with water (250 l/ha), 2. Rost- concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 3. Forte gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 4. Mono boron chelate + Phosphate-potassium chelate (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron chelate (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono gelatin boron (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The bookmarking of the experiments and the research were carried out in accordance with the common methods of field experiments in agriculture and crop production. As a result of the three-year studies, it was found that the performance indicators of sunflower varied under the influence of all the agricultural practices studied. According to the average three-year indicators the highest number of seeds is 1327-1392 pcs. and seed weight of 71.9-75.7 g per basket are indicated in the N60P60K60 fertilizer application under the classical basic tillage system. Other systems and power backgrounds are experiencing a decline in these indicators. The introduction of mineral fertilizers and the use of growth promoters for all systems of basic tillage led to an increase in these indicators relative to control. The diameter of the basket of sunflower hybrid Ratnik, depending on the use of fertilizers and growth promoters was 19.1-20.9 cm in the classical soil tillage system; 18,6-20,5 cm in diameter and 18,5-20,3 cm in minimum. The application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the diameter of the basket relative to the control. An increase in the diameter of the basket under the influence of growth stimulants under all backgrounds of mineral nutrition and basic tillage systems was also noted. The largest diameter of the basket, which was equal depending on the variant of the use of growth stimulants 20.6-20.9 cm, plants of sunflower hybrid Ratnik formed under the classical system of basic tillage and fertilizer application in the dose N60P60K60. According to the results of three-year studies, an increase of 1000 seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters was established for all systems of basic tillage. The largest mass of 1000 seeds of sunflower plants was formed by the classical soil tillage system. The highest yield of sunflower hybrid Ratnik – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha obtained by cultivation under the classical system of basic tillage, fertilization at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation and the second and fifth variants of application of the preparations: 2. Growth concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves); 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield increase from the application of mineral fertilizers was obtained when fertilizing at a dose of N60P60K60 for all systems of basic tillage and is within: for classical – 0.52-0.64 t/ha; for landless – 0.40-0.51 t/ha; at the minimum – 0.35-0.45 t/ha. It should be noted that the cultivation of sunflower crops with growth stimulants in all their applications has led to an increase in yield: in the classical system of basic tillage by 0.13-0.32; for non-drained – 0.08-0.25 and for the minimum – 0.09-0.25 t/ha. The most effective under all other conditions of cultivation was the use of a mixture of preparations Growth-concentrate + gelatin oil. Among the agricultural practices studied for crop formation, the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of preparations (r = 0.17) were more influenced. It should be noted the close relationship of yield with the number of seeds (r = 0.92) and the weight of seeds (r = 0.97) from one basket, the diameter of the basket (r = 0.88), the mass of 1000 seeds (r = 0.97), husk (r = -0.93) and average with fat content (r = -0.66).

Download Full-text