Response of four wheat cultivars to applications of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC)

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB Lowe ◽  
OG Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Height Data

The effect of CCC on the grain yield of two Australian and two Mexican semi-dwarf cultivars, with two seeding rates, and two levels of N fertilizer, was studied in the held. Grain yield increases, particularly in CV. Timgalen, were produced by CCC through the control of lodging, an increase in the number of grains per ear and an increase in the number of ears per unit area. Even where only a small effect on height was produced in CV. Pitic 62, the grain yield was increased as a result of more ear-bearing tillers. No significant grain yield increases were found in R.K.F. The delay in ear emergence in some cultivars as a result of CCC did not change the number of florets formed but it may have improved floral fertility as indicated by the higher number of grains per ear at harvest. The differential response of the cultivars to CCC is demonstrated by the plant height data. In decreasing order of height reduction they were Robin, Timgalen, Pitic 62 and R.K.F.

scholarly journals Detopping in Maize: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajkumara ◽  
Vinita Vinita ◽  
R. M. Kachapur ◽  
B. G. Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Fodder Yield

The scope of increasing the cultivated area under forages is rather limited, because of mounting pressure on need for food and commercial crops, but there is a large demand for green and dry fodder from livestock industry. Hence, fodder production has to be increased per unit area per unit time. By practicing the de-topping in commercial grain maize we can increase the fodder production, quality and it also reduces the deficit of fodder to some extent. Reviews indicated that by de-topping of maize, there may be slight reduction in grain yield of maize but by doing it at right stage/time and at right plant height it gives highest net returns than no de-topped treatments. De-topping at 30 days after silking; removing the top 6 leaves or after physiological maturity; removing all the leaves above the cob or de-topping above 10th internode gives highest fodder yield and net returns with slight or no reduction in grain yield.

scholarly journals Performance of white oat cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilization and trinexapac-ethyl

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
José Henrique Bizzarri Bazzo ◽  
Carlos Roberto Riede ◽  
Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda ◽  
Carolina Pereira Cardoso ◽  
Isabela Franzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oat Cultivars

The application of N at the appropriate time and dose can increase oat crop efficiency by increasing grain yield through changes in production components. High doses of N, depending on the genotype and the environment, can result in plant lodging, which can be addressed with the use of growth retardants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield components, lodging, and productivity of white oat cultivars cultivated at two planting locations under different N levels with trinexapac-ethyl growth retardant. Two assays (with and without the application of the growth retardant agent) were used in the experiments, which were set up in the region of Londrina and Mauá da Serra, Parana State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with split plots and four replications. The plots consisted of four white oat cultivars (IPR Afrodite, IPR Artemis, URS Corona, and URS Guria) and the subplots of four doses of N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1). Plant height, number of panicles per unit area, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, lodging of plants, and grain yield were evaluated. For the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, the growth regulator decreased plant height and lodging. Furthermore, the growth regulator in combination with N topdressing increased the number of panicles per unit area. Thus, the increase in grain yield with the application of a growth retardant was dependent on the characteristics of the plant growth environment. The response of genotypes to N fertilization was also dependent on the soil and climatic characteristics of the environment.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen concentration in grain and straw of rice under semi-deepwater conditions (51–100 cm)

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
M. M. Panda ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
B. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water

SummaryUnder conditions of semi-deep water (51–100 cm) rice varieties with greater plant height produced more dry matter and grain yield as N fertilizer was increased from 0 to 20 and 40 kg/ha. The varieties which performed better in a situation of slow rise in water level to a depth of 120 cm could not survive a quick rise in water level owing to their lesser plant height and elongation ability. The loss of dry matter (dead and dried leaves) was also greater in varieties susceptible to deep water than varieties tolerant of deep water.With the increase in N fertilizer, there was increase in plant height, number of tillers, dry-matter production and grain yield. The loss of dry matter was less in crops given N fertilizer than in those not given N fertilizer. The varieties capable of producing higher grain yield in response to N fertilizer under semi-deep water did not improve their grain yield under intermediate deep water (15–50 cm). With increase in application of N fertilizer from 0 to 40 kg/ha the N concentration in grain increased. N concentration did not vary in straw under intermediate deep water, there was no definite trend in semi-deep water, and it was higher under conditions of semi-deep than intermediate deep water.

Source - sink balance and manipulating sink - source relations of wheat indicate that the yield potential of wheat is sink-limited in high-rainfall zones

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Michael L. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
Source Sink

Grain yield depends on the number of grains per unit area (sink) and the availability of assimilates (source) to fill these grains. The aim of the current work was to determine whether wheat yield in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia is limited in current cultivars by the size of the sink or by the assimilates available for grain filling. Three wheat cultivars (Calingiri, Chara and Wyalkatchem) and two breeding lines (HRZ216 and HRZ203) were grown in four replicates in the field from 2005 to 2007. Dry matter and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) at anthesis and maturity were measured and used to determine the source and sink balance of the crop. In 2007, three further treatments were applied to manipulate the sink–source relationships: (i) spikelets were removed on main stems to increase the source : sink ratio; (ii) incoming solar radiation was reduced by 40% by shading after anthesis to reduce the availability of assimilates to grains; and (iii) supplemental irrigation was used to maintain the capacity for photosynthesis by an improved water supply during grain filling. The source–sink balance of the crops showed that the potential source was 25% greater than the actual grain yield in average and above-average seasons (2005 and 2007), suggesting that sink size, represented by the number of grain per unit area, was a limiting factor to yield potential. However, the source may have become a limiting factor in a drought season (2006). The grain yield increased with increased number of grains/m2 and kernel weight remained relatively stable even when grain number increased from 7000 to 16 000 per m2. The removal of half of the spikelets on the main stem did not increase kernel mass of the remaining grains and an additional 33 mm of irrigation water did not increase grain yield, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased WSC left in stems and leaf sheaths at maturity. Shading after anthesis did not significantly reduce grain yield of the current cultivars Calingiri and Wyalkatchem, but it reduced grain yield by 23–25% (P < 0.05) in Chara and HRZ203. The source–sink balance over three seasons and three independent experiments in 2007 suggested that the yield of the current wheat cultivars is more sink- than source-limited and that breeding wheat with a larger sink size than in the current cultivars may lift the yield potential of wheat in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia.

Response of Rice Cultivars to V-10029

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Eric P. Webster ◽  
Christopher T. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars

A study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 to evaluate response of seven rice cultivars to V-10029 applied at 20 and 40 g ai/ha to two- to three- or four- to five-leaf rice. Differential response of the rice cultivars to V-10029 was observed. Medium-grain ‘Earl’ was less tolerant to V-10029, as reflected by increased injury, shorter plants, and fewer plants at 7 d after late postemergence treatment and shorter plants and lower grain yield at harvest, when compared with nontreated Earl. Growth of medium-grain ‘Bengal’ was initially inhibited by V-10029; however, plant height at harvest and rice grain yield of Bengal were not affected. All long-grain cultivars exhibited tolerance to V-10029, both initially and at harvest. The results indicate that rice cultivars vary in tolerance to V-10029.

scholarly journals Inoculation With Growth-Promoting Bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Its Effects on Productivity and Nutritional Accumulation of Wheat Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta ◽  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Arshad Jalal ◽  
José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽  
William Lima Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Potential Use

Agricultural practices that allow a productive increase in a sustainable manner are becoming increasingly necessary to feed an ever-growing global population. The inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has the potential to reduce the use of synthetic mineral fertilizers with efficient capacity to promote plant growth and increase nutrition. Therefore, this research was developed to investigate the potential use of A. brasilense to increase the accumulation of macro- and micronutrients and its influence on grain yield, plant height, and spike population in two wheat cultivars (CD1104 and CD150), under irrigated conditions in the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was carried out in a Rhodic Hapludox under a no-tillage system. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with six replications, arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme: two cultivars (CD150 and CD1104) and two levels of inoculation (control and with A. brasilense). The inoculation with A. brasilense provided greater accumulation of micronutrients in the aerial part of the wheat. In the cultivar CD1104, B and Cu had an accumulation 27.7 and 57.4% higher compared with those of the control without bacteria. In the cultivar CD150, Azospirillum increased the accumulation of B, Fe, and Mn by 43.8, 49.9, and 22%, respectively, and reduced Cu by 21.9%, compared with those of the control. The cultivar CD150 has greater efficiency to accumulate N (+35.5 kg N ha−1) as compared with the cultivar CD1104. Interactions between inoculation and cultivars resulted in greater accumulation of S and K in the shoot of the wheat cultivar CD150, as well greater accumulation of Cu in CD1104. In growth assessments, inoculation or cultivars did not statistically influence wheat grain yield and spike population. Howevere, for plant height, the CD1104 genotype has 13.1% bigger plant height on average than that of the CD150 genotype. Inoculation can contribute more sustainably to wheat nutrition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different wheat cultivars under salinity stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-481
Author(s):  
Balkaran Singh Sandhu ◽  
Nirmaljit Singh Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Condition ◽  
Very High

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of different 11 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under saline condition and by applying saline irrigation water during rabi 2016-17 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sri Muktsar Sahib (Punjab). Experiment site was chosen with high salinity condition (EC=1.87 dS/m) to check the response of particular cultivars in these conditions. The field was only irrigated with tube well water having very high EC (4630 micro mhos/cm). Results showed that the grain yield was recorded higher in KH 65 (5648 kg/ha), KRL 210 (5440 kg/ha), KRL 386 (5290 kg/ha) and DBW 246 (5048 kg/ha) as compared to lower grain yield recorded with KRL 384 (4353 kg/ha), KRL 19 (4423 kg/ha), KRL 370 (4538 kg/ha), DBW 248 (4608 kg/ha),WH 1316 (4838 kg/ha), DBW 247 (4860 kg/ha) and KRL 377 (4895 kg/ha). The experimental site was slightly saline in nature, so the cultivar KH 65, KRL 210, KRL 386 and DBW 246 are very suitable for the area as these were less affected due to salinity. Grain yield among these varieties were higher due higher number of effective tiller per unit area and due to large number of grains per ear. Whereas, KH 65, KRL 377 and KRL 386 also produced significantly higher straw yield from WH 1316, DBW 248, DBW 247, KRL 210, KRL 384, DBW 246, KRL 370 and KRL 19.

scholarly journals Variability of Number of Spikes per Unit Area and Grain Yield Effected by Different Sowing Densities оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Danijela Kondić ◽  
Maja Bajić ◽  
Đurađ Hajder ◽  
Desimir Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Banja Luka

The sowing density of wheat is important for expression of number of spikes per unit area, grain yield as well as other yield components. The aim of this work is investigation of variability of grain yield and number of spikes per unit area influenced by different sowing densities under different environmental conditions. Three wheat genotypes NS 40, Prima and Nova Bosanka were studied at seven different sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds m-2) with four replications on experimental plot of one m2 on field experiment in agro‒ecological conditions of Banja Luka during two successive growing seasons. In all studied wheat cultivars, the lowest number of spikes m-2 and the lowest grain yield were found on variant of lowest sowing density (384 seeds m-2), while the highest number of spikes m-2 and the highest grain yield were found on variant of 588 seeds m-2 in both years. The wheat genotype NS 40S had the highest number of spikes m-2, while Nova Bosanka had the lowest at all variants of sowing densities in both years. Mainly, at all variants of sowing densities, the highest values of analyzed traits were expressed in first year of experimental investigation. Depending of year and variant of sowing density the highest grain yield were found in NS 40 and Prima, while the lowest grain yield had Nova Bosanka in both years of experiment. In general, the recommended wheat sowing rates should be confirmed in the specific area of production and for the specific genotype.

scholarly journals The Proportion of Superior Grains and the Sink Strength are the Main Yield Contributors in Modern Winter Wheat Varieties Grown in the Loess Plateau of China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Sun ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Palta ◽  
Deng
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Understanding the changes in phenotype resulting from the selection pressure and agronomic adaptation of grain yield provide an indication of the pathways for future increases in grain yield. Six dry land representative winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) released from 1942 to 2004 in the Loess Plateau of China were investigated to determine how the yield components of winter wheat were associated with grain yield at the Changwu Agricultural Research Station during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 seasons, using a completely randomized block design with three replicates. Plant height, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and yield components were measured, together with the traits of superior and inferior grains and the pre-anthesis stored dry matter remobilized to the grain was determined. In the relatively wet 2011–2012 season, there was a significant increase in grain yield and aboveground biomass with the year of release, but not in the dry 2012–2013 season. The harvest index (HI) and average grain weight (AGW) increased significantly with the year of release in both cropping seasons. HI and AGW are likely potential traits for improving grain yield of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau. The increase in HI mainly resulted from the decrease in plant height, and the increase in the use of pre-anthesis stored assimilates for grain filling. The increase in AGW mainly resulted from the increase in the proportion of superior grain (SG) and the decrease in the proportion of inferior grain (IG) in the whole spike in both cropping seasons. Depending on the climatic conditions, the different winter wheat cultivars showed different ability to use pre-anthesis stored assimilates. Modern wheat cultivars had higher yield under different rainfall conditions, and high ability to use pre-anthesis stored assimilates to fill the grain than earlier released cultivars. Both, the increase in sink capacity and source availability, should be considered as a strategy for increasing future grain yield in Loess Plateau of China.

GRAIN YIELD AND MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES FROM 60 YEARS OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WHEAT IN IRAN

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMID REZA MIRI
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Biological Yield

SUMMARYIn order to understanding the changes in morpho-physiological traits of wheat cultivars released from 1940 to 2000 in Iran and to determine the association of these traits with grain yield, an experiment was conducted with 15 wheat cultivars released over the past 60 years using an randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm of Arsanjan Islamic Azad University in 2005/6 and 2006/7. Results indicated that cultivar grain yield was significantly correlated with year of release over the 60 years (r = 0.878, p < 0.01). Harvest index and biological yield increased significantly with increasing grain yield. The change in the photosynthesis rate was not significant during this period but transpiration rate and stomatal conductance and chlorophyll index increased significantly. Among yield components, grain number per ear increased significantly but increase in ear number was not significant. Plant height decreased significantly in new cultivars. In conclusion the results showed that wheat yield improvement in Iran is associated with increasing harvest index, grain number per ear, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and decreasing plant height.

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