scholarly journals Endobronchial Metastasis of Renal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Previous Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Lei Zhang ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Jin-Dong Li ◽  
Chun-Guang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Endobronchial Metastasis ◽  
Bronchial Lumen ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of endobronchial metastasis (EBM) lacks clarity because it is currently based on the judgments of surgeons; it is rare in patients with nonpulmonary malignancies. Although EBM represents an advanced stage of malignancy, it does not necessarily indicate a poorer prognosis than that for its primary tumors. The present study defines EBM as bronchoscopy-visible lesions with histologically confirmed primary extrapulmonary tumors, excluding those primary lung tumors with involvement of the bronchial lumen. A bronchoscopy and biopsy provide strong proof for diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is the best choice for patients with EBM. This study analyzed the case of a 69-year-old male patient who had undergone a radical left nephrectomy several years previously after the identification of a bronchoscopy-visible lesion in the left main bronchus. The lesion was initially diagnosed as an angiogenic tumor but was eventually confirmed by surgical biopsy as EBM from the left kidney. After diagnosis, the patient underwent a left pneumonectomy. The analysis of this case focused on diagnosis, symptoms, radiographic findings, treatment, and prognosis. A review of the previous literature relating to EBM was also conducted.

scholarly journals FROM THE DEFINITION OF USER EXPERIENCE TO A FRAMEWORK TO CLASSIFY ITS APPLICATIONS IN DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1627-1636
Author(s):  
Aurora Berni ◽  
Yuri Borgianni
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
System Context ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

AbstractThe concept of User Experience (UX) dates back to the 1990s, but a shared definition of UX is not available. As design integrates UX, different interpretations thereof can complicate the possibility to build upon previous literature and develop the field autonomously. Indeed, by analysing the literature, UX emerges as a cauldron of related and closely linked concepts. However, it is possible to find recurring attributes that emerge from those definitions, which are ascribable to two foci: the fundamental elements of the interaction (user, system, context) and typologies of experience (ergonomic, cognitive, and emotional). Those are used to build a framework. We have preliminarily investigated how UX is dealt with in design by mapping a sample of UX-related experimental articles published in design journals. We classified UX case studies based on the framework to individuate the UXs that emerge most frequently and the most studied ones in the design field. The two-focus framework allows the mapping of experiments involving UX in design, without highlighting specific favorable combinations. However, comprehensive studies dealing with all elements and UX typologies have not been found.

scholarly journals Exploratory Analysis of Qualitative MR Imaging Features for the Differentiation of Glioblastoma and Brain Metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Meier ◽  
Aurélie Pahud de Mortanges ◽  
Roland Wiest ◽  
Urspeter Knecht
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Tumor Margin ◽  
Definition Of

ObjectivesTo identify qualitative VASARI (Visually AcceSIble Rembrandt Images) Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging features for differentiation of glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastasis (BM) of different primary tumors.Materials and MethodsT1-weighted pre- and post-contrast, T2-weighted, and T2-weighted, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR images of a total of 239 lesions from 109 patients with either GBM or BM (breast cancer, non-small cell (NSCLC) adenocarcinoma, NSCLC squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)) were included. A set of adapted, qualitative VASARI MR features describing tumor appearance and location was scored (binary; 1 = presence of feature, 0 = absence of feature). Exploratory data analysis was performed on binary scores using a combination of descriptive statistics (proportions with 95% binomial confidence intervals), unsupervised methods and supervised methods including multivariate feature ranking using either repeated fitting or recursive feature elimination with Support Vector Machines (SVMs).ResultsGBMs were found to involve all lobes of the cerebrum with a fronto-occipital gradient, often affected the corpus callosum (32.4%, 95% CI 19.1–49.2), and showed a strong preference for the right hemisphere (79.4%, 95% CI 63.2–89.7). BMs occurred most frequently in the frontal lobe (35.1%, 95% CI 28.9–41.9) and cerebellum (28.3%, 95% CI 22.6–34.8). The appearance of GBMs was characterized by preference for well-defined non-enhancing tumor margin (100%, 89.8–100), ependymal extension (52.9%, 36.7–68.5) and substantially less enhancing foci than BMs (44.1%, 28.9–60.6 vs. 75.1%, 68.8–80.5). Unsupervised and supervised analyses showed that GBMs are distinctively different from BMs and that this difference is driven by definition of non-enhancing tumor margin, ependymal extension and features describing laterality. Differentiation of histological subtypes of BMs was driven by the presence of well-defined enhancing and non-enhancing tumor margins and localization in the vision center. SVM models with optimal hyperparameters led to weighted F1-score of 0.865 for differentiation of GBMs from BMs and weighted F1-score of 0.326 for differentiation of BM subtypes.ConclusionVASARI MR imaging features related to definition of non-enhancing margin, ependymal extension, and tumor localization may serve as potential imaging biomarkers to differentiate GBMs from BMs.

Century of Jackson-Weiss syndrome: Further definition of clinical and radiographic findings in ?lost? descendants of the original kindred

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Heike ◽  
Marianne Seto ◽  
Anne Hing ◽  
Angelisa Palidin ◽  
Fen Z. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Definition Of

Cardiovascular-associated tracheobronchial obstruction in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Hao Lai ◽  
Sui-Ling Liao ◽  
Kin-Sun Wong
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Tracheal Compression ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

AbstractTracheobronchial compression of cardiovascular origin is an uncommon and frequently unrecognised cause of respiratory distress in children. The compression may be due to encircling vessels or dilated neighbouring cardiovascular structures. Bronchoscopy and detailed radiography, especially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are among the most powerful diagnostic tools. Few previous reports have addressed the relationship between bronchoscopic findings and underlying cardiovascular anomalies. The objective of this study was to correlate bronchoscopic and radiographic findings in children with cardiovascular-associated airway obstruction. A total of 41 patients were recruited for the study. Patients with airway obstruction were stratified on the basis of the aetiology of the cardiovascular structures and haemodynamics into an anatomy-associated group and a haemodynamics-associated group. In the anatomy-associated group, stenosis and malacia were found with comparable frequency on bronchoscopy, and the airway obstructions were mostly found in the trachea (71% of patients). In the haemodynamics-associated group, malacia was the most common bronchoscopic finding (85% of patients), and nearly all locations of airway involvement were in the airway below the carina (90% of patients). The tracheal compression was usually caused by aberrant systemic branching arteries in the anatomy-associated group. In the haemodynamics-associated group, the causal relationships varied. Tracheal compression was often caused by lesions of the main pulmonary artery and aorta, whereas obstruction of the right main bronchus was caused by lesions of the main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery. The causes of left main bronchus compression were more diverse. In summary, the bronchoscopic presentations and locations are quite different between these two groups.

High-risk mild head injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. K. Hsiang ◽  
Theresa Yeung ◽  
Ashley L. M. Yu ◽  
Wai S. Poon
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The generally accepted definition of mild head injury includes Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13 to 15. However, many studies have shown that there is a heterogeneous pathophysiology among patients with GCS scores in this range. The current definition of mild head injury is misleading because patients classified in this category can have severe sequelae. Therefore, a prospective study of 1360 head-injured patients with GCS scores ranging from 13 to 15 who were admitted to the neurosurgery service during 1994 and 1995 was undertaken to modify the current definition of mild head injury. Data regarding patients' age, sex, GCS score, radiographic findings, neurosurgical intervention, and 6-month outcome were collected and analyzed. The results of this study showed that patients with lower GCS scores tended to have suffered more serious injury. There was a statistically significant trend across GCS scores for percentage of patients with positive acute radiographic findings, percentage receiving neurosurgical interventions, and percentage with poor outcome. The presence of postinjury vomiting did not correlate with findings of acute radiographic abnormalities. Based on the results of this study, the authors divided all head-injured patients with GCS scores ranging from 13 to 15 into mild head injury and high-risk mild head injury groups. Mild head injury is defined as a GCS score of 15 without acute radiographic abnormalities, whereas high-risk mild head injury is defined as GCS scores of 13 or 14, or a GCS score of 15 with acute radiographic abnormalities. This more precise definition of mild head injury is simple to use and may help avoid the confusion caused by the current classification.

S217 – Neurotologic Features of Temporomandibular Joint Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P148-P148
Author(s):  
John P Leonetti ◽  
Sam Marzo ◽  
Ryan G Porter
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Synovial Chondromatosis ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Complete Physical Examination

Objectives To present the clinical and radiographic findings in 8 patients with unusual primary tumors of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods This was a retrospective chart review of all patients with neurotologic manifestations caused by primary TMJ tumors seen at our tertiary care, academic medical center between 7/88-; 7/07. Results 8 patients were identified with primary TMJ tumors that caused a variety of neurotologic manifestations, including trismus, otalgia, tinnitus, hearing loss, aural fullness, headache, facial pain, and otorrhea. Tumor histology included chondroma, chondroblastoma, osteoma, giant cell tumor, synovial chondromatosis, and osteosarcoma. Anterior external auditory canal involvement required partial petrosectomy in all 8 patients. Despite aggressive surgical resection and radiotherapy, only 5 of 8 patients are disease-free, with a mean follow-up of 7.2 years. Conclusions Primary tumors of the TMJ, although rare, can cause a variety of common neurotologic manifestations. A complete physical examination with appropriate radiographic assessment will guide the proper treatment plan. Earlier diagnosis may lead to improved overall control rates.

scholarly journals Attack of the snowclones: A corpus-based analysis of extravagant formulaic patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Tobias Ungerer
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Interpersonal Factors ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

The concept of ‘snowclones’ has gained interest in recent research on linguistic creativity and in studies on extravagance and expressiveness in language. However, no clear criteria for identifying snowclones have yet been established, and detailed corpus-based investigations of the phenomenon are still lacking. This paper addresses this research gap in a twofold way: On the one hand, we develop an operational definition of snowclones, arguing that three criteria are decisive: (i) the existence of a lexically fixed source construction; (ii) partial productivity; (iii) “extravagant" formal and/or functional characteristics. On the other hand, we offer an empirical investigation of two snowclones that can be considered ‘prototypical’ on the basis of previous literature, namely [the mother of all X] and [X BE the newY]. We use collostructional analysis and distributional semantics to explore the partial productivity of both patterns’ slot fillers. In sum, we argue that the concept of snowclones, if properly defined, can contribute substantially to our understanding of creative language use, especially regarding the question of how social,cultural, and interpersonal factors influence the choice of more or less salient linguistic constructions.

Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4759 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
ZHI-TENG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of

Larvae of Capnia zijinshana Du & Chen, 2016 (Capniidae) and Nemoura nankinensis Wu, 1926 (Nemouridae) are described and illustrated based on recently collected specimens collected from Jiangsu Province of southeastern China. These are the first larval descriptions in the family Capniidae and the genus Nemoura Latrielle, 1796 from China. Larval morphology of C. zijinshana is similar to the adults. Larvae of N. nankinensis are consistent with the generic larval definition of previous literature. 

An Insight into Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Literature Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
English Language ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Definition Of

Aim This systematic literature review was performed to establish a definition of peri-implantitis, what makes a patient more susceptible to peri-implantitis, the signs and symptoms of peri-implantitis (including radiographic findings), treatment options for peri-implantitis, and to investigate what constitutes a suitable oral hygiene regime. Method A systematic literature review and analysis of publications included in PubMed (articles published between 1998 and 2003; English language; search terms “peri-implantitis”; “mucositis”; “partially edentulous”; “preventative maintenance”; “peri-implantitis and plaque control”; “tissue augmentation”; “diet maintenance of peri-implantitis”; “oral hygiene instruction for implants”) was performed to identify papers providing information about peri-implantitis. Separately sourced publications with peri-implantitis related titles and abstracts were reviewed and analysed. The set criteria for inclusion were peer-reviewed articles. Of 53 papers identified, 23 were included for systematic review. Results Analysis of the papers revealed that patients with implants are more susceptible to developing peri-implantitis than are patients with natural teeth to developing periodontal disease. This is due to the varied peri-implant tissue that surrounds the implant in comparison with the tissue that surrounds a natural tooth. If active periodontal disease is present, peri-implantitis may also develop; however, other secondary factors may also need to be present for this to occur. Conclusion A comprehensive periodontal examination should be carried out prior to implant surgery. The patient should be informed of the necessity of regular maintenance following implant surgery and the prerequisite of maintaining a comprehensive oral hygiene regime to avoid peri-implantitis.

Atelectasis: Opaque Hemithorax

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Opaque Hemithorax ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Upper Abdominal

Atelectasis resulting in an opaque hemithorax often indicates serious underlying disease including lung cancer or other tumors, with or without associated pleural effusion. Total lung atelectasis is usually caused by lung cancer obstructing a main bronchus, but can also result from mucus plugging, contralateral intubation of a main stem bronchus, bronchial stricture, or foreign body aspiration. A large amount of fluid and blood may be drawn into the collapsed lung with little or no loss of volume, resulting in a “drowned lung”. Chest radiographic findings of mediastinal shift toward or away from the opaque hemithorax, and associated findings pertaining to superior displacement of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm and upper abdominal structures help establish volume loss as the etiology of the opaque hemithorax. Absence of these findings indicates preservation of volume in the ipsilateral hemithorax which may indicate the presence of a mass, an obstructing central lesion with associated drowned lung or a large pleural effusion with associated ipsilateral atelectasis. Pneumonectomy will result in an opaque hemithorax secondary to fluid filling of the pneumonectomy space. Unilateral pneumonia is a rare cause of opaque hemithorax.

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