scholarly journals Effects of Bedding Material on Equine Lower Airway Inflammation: A Crossover Study Comparing Peat and Wood Shavings

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Mönki ◽  
Markku Saastamoinen ◽  
Ninja Karikoski ◽  
Minna Rajamäki ◽  
Marja Raekallio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Bedding materials affect stable air hygiene, and thus the development and exacerbation of equine asthma. There is limited knowledge concerning the effects of different types of bedding material on equine lower airway inflammation. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of bedding materials on respiratory signs, tracheal mucus score, and lower airway cytology in healthy adult horses. The study design was a prospective controlled study, and the subjects were healthy adult riding school horses (n = 32) from a single stable. Wood shavings were compared to peat, which was used as a reference bedding material. Lower airway endoscopy and sampling (tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) for cytological examination were performed after each 35-day bedding period. No difference between bedding periods was observed in the respiratory rate or tracheal mucus score. Tracheal wash neutrophil percentage with the wood shavings was higher compared to the previous (P = 0.040) or following (P = 0.0045) peat period. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil percentage with the wood shavings was higher compared to the following peat period (P < 0.001). We conclude that, between the two bedding materials used in this study, peat caused less neutrophilic lower airway inflammation in horses. The information gained from this study may assist veterinarians and horse owners in selecting bedding materials, especially for horses suffering from equine asthma.

scholarly journals Effects of Bedding Material on Equine Lower Airway Inflammation: A Comparison of Two Peat Beddings, Wood Pellet, and Straw Pellet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Mönki ◽  
Markku Saastamoinen ◽  
Ninja Karikoski ◽  
Marianna Norring ◽  
Minna Rajamäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Equine Asthma ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

The effects of bedding material on air quality are important amongst horses worldwide. Respiratory diseases, especially equine asthma, are highly prevalent with air hygiene playing a major role on the pathophysiology of these diseases. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of four bedding materials on the respiratory signs, tracheal mucus score, and tracheal wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology in healthy adult horses. The study design was a prospective controlled cross-over study, and the subjects were healthy adult riding school horses (n = 32) from a single stable. Wood pellet, straw pellet, and loosely stored peat (Peat 3) were compared to peat packed in plastic-covered bales (Peat 2). Lower airway endoscopy and sampling (TW and BALF) for cytological examination were performed after each 35-day bedding period. The tracheal mucus scores (P = 0.014) and respiratory rate (P = 0.026) were higher during the straw pellet period compared to the Peat 2 period. The respiratory rate was lower during the wood pellet period compared to the Peat 2 period (P = 0.004). The TW neutrophil percentage during the straw pellet period was higher compared to the Peat 2 period (P = 0.0003). The BALF neutrophil percentage was higher during the straw pellet period (P = 0.005) and during the Peat 3 period compared to the Peat 2 period (P = 0.04). We conclude that baled peat (Peat 2) caused lower neutrophil percentages in the airway samples compared to straw pellet and loosely stored peat (Peat 3). No difference was observed between Peat 2 and wood pellet. The information gained from this study may assist veterinarians and horse owners in selecting appropriate bedding materials, especially for horses with equine asthma.

A One Health Approach to Simple Liquid Sample Handling for Respiratory Based -Omics Analysis; Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Karagianni ◽  
Samantha L. Eaton ◽  
Dominic Kurian ◽  
Eugenio Cillán-Garcia ◽  
Jonathan Twynam-Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Simple Liquid ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Sequential Screening

Abstract Airway inflammation is highly prevalent in horses, with the majority of non-infectious cases being defined as equine asthma. Currently, cytological analysis of airway derived samples is the principal method of assessing lower airway inflammation. Samples can be obtained by tracheal wash (TW) or by lavage of the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BALF). Although BALF cytology carries significant diagnostic advantages over TW cytology, sample acquisition is invasive, making it prohibitive for routine and sequential-screening of airway health. The aim of this study was to establish a robust protocol to isolate macrophages, protein and RNA for molecular characterisation of TW samples and demonstrate the applicability of sample handling to rodent and human pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolates. TW samples provided a good quality and yield of both RNA and protein for downstream transcriptomic/proteomic analyses. The sample handling methodologies were successfully applicable to BALF for rodent and human research. TW samples represent a rich source of airway cells, and molecular analysis to facilitate and study airway inflammation, based on both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This study provides a necessary methodological platform for future transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies on equine lower respiratory tract secretions and BALF samples from humans and mice.

scholarly journals Increased adenosine concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with lower airway inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Marco Franchini ◽  
Meret Wehrli Eser ◽  
Edwin K. Jackson ◽  
Ramiro Dip
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Adenosine Concentration

Placebo-Controlled Study of Inhaled Budesonide on Indices of Airway Inflammation in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Bronchial Biopsies in Cross-Country Skiers

Respiration ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Sue-Chu ◽  
Eeva-Maija Karjalainen ◽  
Annika Laitinen ◽  
Lars Larsson ◽  
Lauri A. Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Bronchial Biopsies ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Inhaled Budesonide

scholarly journals The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Chiara Maria Lo Feudo ◽  
Luca Stucchi ◽  
Elena Alberti ◽  
Giovanni Stancari ◽  
Bianca Conturba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Equine Asthma ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Tracheal Mucus ◽  
Tracheal Bifurcation

Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.

Paeonol attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Du ◽  
Gan-Zhu Feng ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Jin Cui ◽  
Jian-Kang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Moutan Cortex ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Paeonol, the main active component isolated from Moutan Cortex, possesses extensive pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of paeonol on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin were administered paeonol intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. Paeonol significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine chloride. Paeonol administration significantly inhibited the total inflammatory cell and eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with paeonol significantly enhanced IFN-γ levels and decreased interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and total immunoglobulin E levels in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated that paeonol significantly attenuated allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in the airway. These data suggest that paeonol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in allergic mice and may possess new therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

Epinephrine promotes pulmonary angiitis: evidence for a β1-adrenoreceptor-mediated mechanism

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. L232-L239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe A. Jain ◽  
Long-hai Zhao ◽  
Martin K. Selig ◽  
Richard L. Kradin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Effector Phase ◽  
Sensitization Phase

Epinephrine (Epi) increases lymphocyte traffic to lung. We investigated whether Epi also modulates pulmonary cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with hen-egg lysozyme (HEL) on day 0, challenged with HEL intratracheally at day 12, and killed at day 15. Mice received Epi (0.5 mg/kg) subcutaneously during the sensitization phase, days 1–7 (Epi-SP), or the effector phase, days 12–14 (Epi-EP); controls received saline subcutaneously. Epi-SP mice showed increased airway inflammation ( P < 0.03) and pulmonary angiitis ( P < 0.04) characterized by endothelialitis and subendothelial fibrin deposition. Macrophages and granulocytes were increased in perivascular cuffs in situ ( P < 0.001). CD3+ lymphocytes increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas NK1.1+ and CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes decreased (all P < 0.05). Atenolol, a selective β1-adrenoreceptor (AR) antagonist, inhibited the increased vascular and airway inflammation and the reduction in CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes (all P < 0.05) yielded by Epi, whereas all α/β-AR blockers inhibited airway inflammation. We conclude that Epi-EP selectively promotes vascular inflammation in vivo via a β1-receptor-mediated mechanism.

scholarly journals Diabetes Downregulates Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius F. Carvalho ◽  
Emiliano O. Barreto ◽  
Ana Carolina S. Arantes ◽  
Magda F. Serra ◽  
Tatiana Paula T. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Airway Hyperreactivity ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Diabetes Induction

Previous studies described that allergic diseases, including asthma, occur less often than expected in patients with type 1 diabetes. Here, we investigated the influence of diabetes on allergic airway inflammation in a model of experimental asthma in mice. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into 12 h-fasted A/J mice, followed by subcutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), on days 5 and 19 after diabetes induction. Animals were intranasally challenged with OVA (25 μg), from day 24 to day 26. Alloxan-induced diabetes significantly attenuated airway inflammation as attested by the lower number of total leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, mainly neutrophils and eosinophils. Suppression of eosinophil infiltration in the peribronchiolar space and generation of eosinophilotactic mediators, such as CCL-11/eotaxin, CCL-3/MIP-1α, and IL-5, were noted in the lungs of diabetic sensitized mice. In parallel, reduction of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine, mucus production, and serum IgE levels was also noted under diabetic conditions. Our findings show that alloxan diabetes caused attenuation of lung allergic inflammatory response in A/J mice, by a mechanism possibly associated with downregulation of IgE antibody production.

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