scholarly journals Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Canine Osteoarthritis Research: “Experientia Docet” (Experience Will Teach Us)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlien Brondeel ◽  
Glenn Pauwelyn ◽  
Evelien de Bakker ◽  
Jimmy Saunders ◽  
Yves Samoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Pain ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
General Study ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently an incurable and progressive condition in dogs causing chronic joint pain and possibly increasing disability. Due to the poor healing capacity of cartilage lesions that occur with OA, development of effective therapeutics is difficult. For this reason, current OA therapy is mostly limited to the management of pain and inflammation, but not directed ad disease modification. In the search for a safe and effective OA treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been of great interest since these cells might be able to restore cartilage defects. The designs of OA studies on MSC usage, however, are not always consistent and complete, which limits a clear evaluation of MSC efficacy. The general study results show a tendency to improve lameness, joint pain and range of motion in dogs suffering from naturally-occurring OA. Assessment of the cartilage surface demonstrated the ability of MSCs to promote cartilage-like tissue formation in artificially created cartilage defects. Immunomodulatory capacities of MSCs also seem to play an important role in reducing pain and inflammation in dogs. It should be mentioned, however, that in the current studies in literature there are specific design limitations and further research is warranted to confirm these findings.

Overlapping Allografts Provide Superior and More Reliable Surface Topography Matching Than Oblong Allografts: A Computer-Simulated Model Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110030
Author(s):  
Hailey P. Huddleston ◽  
Atsushi Urita ◽  
William M. Cregar ◽  
Theodore M. Wolfson ◽  
Brian J. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Cloud Models ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Osteochondral Allografts

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation is 1 treatment option for focal articular cartilage defects of the knee. Large irregular defects, which can be treated using an oblong allograft or multiple overlapping allografts, increase the procedure’s technical complexity and may provide suboptimal cartilage and subchondral surface matching between donor grafts and recipient sites. Purpose: To quantify and compare cartilage and subchondral surface topography mismatch and cartilage step-off for oblong and overlapping allografts using a 3-dimensional simulation model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human cadaveric medial femoral hemicondyles (n = 12) underwent computed tomography and were segmented into cartilage and bone components using 3-dimensional reconstruction and modeling software. Segments were then exported into point-cloud models. Modeled defect sizes of 17 × 30 mm were created on each recipient hemicondyle. There were 2 types of donor allografts from each condyle utilized: overlapping and oblong. Grafts were virtually harvested and implanted to optimally align with the defect to provide minimal cartilage surface topography mismatch. Least mean squares distances were used to measure cartilage and subchondral surface topography mismatch and cartilage step-off. Results: Cartilage and subchondral topography mismatch for the overlapping allograft group was 0.27 ± 0.02 mm and 0.80 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. In comparison, the oblong allograft group had significantly increased cartilage (0.62 ± 0.43 mm; P < .001) and subchondral (1.49 ± 1.10 mm; P < .001) mismatch. Cartilage step-off was also found to be significantly increased in the oblong group compared with the overlapping group ( P < .001). In addition, overlapping allografts more reliably provided a significantly higher percentage of clinically acceptable (0.5- and 1-mm thresholds) cartilage surface topography matching (overlapping: 100% for both 0.5 and 1 mm; oblong: 90% for 1 mm and 56% for 0.5 mm; P < .001) and cartilage step-off (overlapping: 100% for both 0.5 and 1 mm; oblong: 86% for 1 mm and 12% for 0.5 mm; P < .001). Conclusion: This computer simulation study demonstrated improved topography matching and decreased cartilage step-off with overlapping osteochondral allografts compared with oblong osteochondral allografts when using grafts from donors that were not matched to the recipient condyle by size or radius of curvature. These findings suggest that overlapping allografts may be superior in treating large, irregular osteochondral defects involving the femoral condyles with regard to technique. Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that overlapping allografts may provide superior articular cartilage surface topography matching compared with oblong allografts and do so in a more reliable fashion. Surgeons may consider overlapping allografts over oblong allografts because of the increased ease of topography matching during placement.

Evaluation of the Effect of Cannabidiol on Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis-Associated Pain: A Pilot Study in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mejia ◽  
Felix Michael Duerr ◽  
Gregg Griffenhagen ◽  
Stephanie McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Objective Outcome ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis ◽  
Time Point

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to provide preliminary data describing the safety and effect of cannabidiol (CBD) for symptom relief of canine osteoarthritis-associated pain in a clinical setting using objective outcome measures. Twenty-three client-owned dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis of appendicular joints completed this prospective, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Baseline data were acquired for 4 wk, followed by random allocation to either placebo or CBD treatment for 6 wk, followed by 6 wk with the opposite treatment. Outcome measures included objective gait analysis, activity counts (via accelerometry) and clinical metrology instruments. There were no differences noted between groups at any time point for any of the recorded outcome measures. Adverse events associated with CBD administration included elevation in liver enzymes (n = 14) and vomiting (n = 2).

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Guinea Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhankui Wang ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Wulin Kang ◽  
Hongchao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Von Frey Filaments

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an increasingly prevalent disease affecting synovial joints, which includes joint degeneration, inflammation, and joint pain. The activation of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor containing protein 3 (NLRP3) could promote synovial inflammation. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) has potential anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of EA treatment on OA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applied EA on OA and joint pain and its relationship with NLRP3 inflammasome. The Hartley guinea pigs with naturally occurring OA at age 18 months were chosen as the OA model and treated with EA for 4 weeks. Mechanical allodynia was quantified by using von Frey filaments. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and the downstream proinflammatory factors in the cartilage tissue were quantified. Our results showed that EA treatment significantly reduces mechanical allodynia, improves the articular cartilage structure, and decreases the fibrillation on the cartilage surface in guinea pigs with spontaneous osteoarthritis. Moreover, we also found that EA treatment attenuates the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suppresses the protein expression levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β in the cartilage tissue. Our findings suggest that EA treatment attenuates OA and joint pain by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and support further investigation of the potential therapeutic tactics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of naturally occurring cartilage defects in the ovine knee

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Vandeweerd ◽  
F. Hontoir ◽  
N. Kirschvink ◽  
P. Clegg ◽  
J.-F. Nisolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Effect of acupotomy therapy on joint pain in KOA and analysis of cartilage surface stress based on Bowstones theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S265
Author(s):  
B. Dong ◽  
G. Ou ◽  
J. Yao ◽  
P. Yuan ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Stress ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Cartilage Surface

scholarly journals New diagnostic and therapeutic options in canine osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (08) ◽  
pp. 6372-2020
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA WYPYCH ◽  
JOANNA SZCZEPANEK ◽  
GRZEGORZ WĄSIATYCZ ◽  
CHANDRA SH. PAREEK ◽  
ANDRZEJ TRETYN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Pain ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Canine Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the joints, characterized by irreversible destruction of articular cartilage. The disease process is accompanied by changes of immunological nature, resulting in local inflammatory reactions, with the production of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases. There is currently no effective treatment resulting in repair of degraded cartilage. Clinical application of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) creates new possibilities in the treatment of incurable diseases. Multipotent MSCs exhibit immunosuppressive activity and limited immunogenicity and have the potential to differentiate in vitro towards adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes and endothelial cells. Thanks to these biological properties, they are increasingly used in clinical therapies. In few scientific papers, the safety of cellular therapies in the group of dogs diagnosed with OA has been confirmed. In patients undergoing treatment with autologous intra-articular injections, no serious adverse effects were observed, and in the vast majority of patients an improvement in the clinical condition and reduction of pain and joint pain were achieved. The paper presents the current state of knowledge on osteoarthritis in dogs, on the biological properties of adipose tissue stem cells and their use in OA therapy and on monitoring the progress of treatment by imaging diagnostics.

A Surface Roughness Comparison of Cartilage in Different Types of Synovial Joints

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Smyth ◽  
Rebecca E. Rifkin ◽  
Robert L. Jackson ◽  
R. Reid Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Joint Integrity ◽  
Nanoscale Roughness

The naturally occurring structure of articular cartilage has proven to be an effective means for the facilitation of motion and load support in equine and other animal joints. For this reason, cartilage has been extensively studied for many years. Although the roughness of cartilage has been determined from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other methods in multiple studies, a comparison of roughness to joint function has not be completed. It is hypothesized that various joint types with different motions and regimes of lubrication have altered demands on the articular surface that may affect cartilage surface properties. Micro- and nanoscale stylus profilometry was performed on the carpal cartilage harvested from 16 equine forelimbs. Eighty cartilage surface samples taken from three different functioning joint types (radiocarpal, midcarpal, and carpometacarpal) were measured by a Veeco Dektak 150 Stylus Surface Profilometer. The average surface roughness measurements were statistically different for each joint. This indicates that the structure of cartilage is adapted to, or worn by, its operating environment. Knowledge of cartilage micro- and nanoscale roughness will assist the future development and design of treatments for intra- articular substances or surfaces to preserve joint integrity and reduce limitations or loss of joint performance.

scholarly journals Prevalence of naturally occurring cartilage defects in the ovine stifle (knee)

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S73-S74
Author(s):  
A. Pierson ◽  
N. Kirschvink ◽  
B. Muylkens ◽  
F. Hontoir ◽  
M. Raes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Treatment of “kissing surface” injury with mosaicplasty

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (47) ◽  
pp. 2150-2153
Author(s):  
Csaba Biró ◽  
Zoltán Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Cartilage Diseases ◽  
Special Category

Kissing surface type defects of the cartilage represent a special category in cartilage diseases. They are characteristics for more difficult treatment, more compromises and moderate results. The authors adopted mosaicplasty technique for full thickness cartilage defects. According to their early experiences, this technique can provide capable healing type resurfacement and quick rehabilitation. There is a separate injury on cartilage surface, so called “kissing surface” injury (patellofemoral injury on both surfaces at the same time). The treatment possibility is much more difficult, more compromising and the results are moderate. Mosaicplasty was the choice of treatment by authors. This method provides better results than other methods, mainly because of the high quality and better rehabilitation.

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