Phytoremediation of Domestic Wastewater

Phytoremediation is fresh, well organized, low priced and recycled method for control of environmental pollution. In this phytoremediation technology, plants are used to enhance the status of environment. By using this method, organic and inorganic pollutant can easily eliminate from domestic. An aquatic plant culture was grown in regimented cement tank. Domestic waste Water was filled in this cement tank for specified interval of seven days. Before growth of aquatic plant culture quality of domestic waste water was evaluated. After specified time interval domestic waste water quality was again evaluated to check improvement of quality of waste water. The result of analysis indicates that phytoremediation process improves the quantity of waste water. For this phytoremediation process Canna, Hyacinth colocasia Arabica, Typha etc. aquatic plants are used. These aquatic plants absorb organic and inorganic parameters from waste water.

Scavenging of Organic Pollutant And Fuel Generation Through Cost-Effective And Abundantly Accessible Rust: An Economical Approach For Waste Management And Energy Generation

At present, wastes management and energy generation are the foremost concerns due to their direct relationship with the biological species and environment. Herein we report utilization of iron rust (inorganic pollutant) as photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye (organic pollutant) under visible light (economic) and water oxidation (energy generation). Iron rust was collected from metallic pipes and calcined in the furnace at 700 °C for 3 h in order to remove moisture/volatile content. The uncalcined and calcined Rust are characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravematric analysis (TGA). The morphological study illustrated that the shape of uncalcinedand calcined iron rust is spongy, porous, and agglomerated. The XRD and DLS particle size is in a few hundred-nanometer range.The photodegradation (PD) investigation shows that calcined Rust is a potent photocatalyst for the PD of modeled MB and degraded about 94% in a very short time of 11 min. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements revealed that calcined Rust is more active than uncalcined Rust under simulated 1-SUN illumination with respective photocurrent densities of ~0.40 and ~0.32 mA/cm2. These results demonstrate that cheaper and abundantly available Rust can be a useful candidate for environmental and energy applications.

Clay–Magnetite Co-Aggregates for Efficient Magnetic Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

This work reports the behavior of montmorillonite–magnetite mixtures of varying composition in aqueous dispersions and evaluates their adsorbing properties using a cationic organic pollutant, methylene blue (MB+), and an anionic inorganic pollutant, arsenate (As(V)), as the adsorbing species. The effects of the presence of montmorillonite on the As(V) adsorption by magnetite and the effects of magnetite on the MB+ adsorption by the clay were specially addressed. The simple mixture of a montmorillonite dispersion with a magnetite dispersion led to the spontaneous formation of montmorillonite–magnetite co-aggregates. These co-aggregates showed a unimodal electrophoretic mobility distribution, with no evidence of the presence of separate populations of montmorillonite or magnetite. The application of a magnetic field confirmed the formation of co-aggregates and showed that their separation rate increased as the magnetite content increased. Adsorption studies as a function of the aggregate composition demonstrated that MB+ uptake was mainly controlled by the content of montmorillonite, while As(V) adsorption was mainly controlled by the content of Fe3O4. This permits an easy tuning of the adsorbing properties of cations and anions by controlling the composition of the system.

Perovskites based Nano Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Pollutant Removal

The development of new generation photocatalytic materials used for the betterment of human as well as environment. Perovskites and perovskites related nano-hetero-junction shows great interest for photocatalytic organic and inorganic pollutant removal. This chapter discusses its crystalline structures varying from cubic (high symmetry) to triclinic (very low symmetry). Various methods have been utilized for synthesis of perovskites such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, vapor deposition methods, solid-state reaction routs from oxide and high pressure technique. The first technique is used for the synthesis of perovskite is ceramic route in which the mixture of oxide was treated at high temperature and processed later by ceramic powder method. Various photocatalyst such as nitrides, sulphides, phosphides, oxide and mixed oxide are employed for photocatalytic water splitting or hydrogen generation. Future perspectives of perovskite-related photocatalyst are included in this chapter.

Assessing the Removal of Arsenite and Arsenate Mixtures from the Synthetic Bangladesh Groundwater (SBGW) Using Combined Fe(VI)/Fe(III) Treatments and Local Regression Analysis

Arsenic is an inorganic pollutant that, depending on oxidation–reduction and pH level conditions, may be found in natural waters in two variants: As(III) and As(V). Any treatment to effectively remove arsenic from water will be conditioned by the presence of one or both variants. In this context, this study assesses using electrochemically produced Fe(VI) with Fe(III) to remove As(III), As(V), and their combinations from the Synthetic Bangladesh Groundwater (SBGW) containing anions that interfere with iron-based arsenic removal processes. The combined use of Fe(VI) and Fe(III) allowed us to remove the total arsenic below the 10 mg L−1 threshold established by the World Health Organization and Peruvian regulations for drinking water. An optimum combination of 1 mg L−1 of Fe(VI) and 30 mg L−1 of Fe(III) was identified and tested on the removal of four different proportions of As(III):As(V) for two total concentrations: 500 and 250 mg L−1. There were no significant differences in the final removal values under the different proportions of As(III):As(V) for each total concentration, with a final removal average of 99.0% and 96.9% for the 500 and 250 µg L−1 concentrations, respectively.