scholarly journals Electrical Performance of a Piezo-inductive Device for Energy Harvesting with Low-Frequency Vibrations

Actuators ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Vargas ◽  
Hector Andres Tinoco
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
External Forces

This study presents the experimental evaluation of a piezo-inductive mechanical system for applications of energy harvesting with low-frequency vibrations. The piezo-inductive vibration energy harvester (PI-VEH) device is composed of a voice coil motor (VCM) extracted from a hard disk drive. The proposed design allows the integration of different element types as beams and masses. The dynamic excitations in the system produce a pendular motion carried out by a hybrid arm (rigid-flexible) that generates energy with the rotations (with a coil) and the beam strains (with a piezoelectric material). The electrical assessment was performed through different working modes classified as inductive, inductive with magnetic instabilities, and piezo-inductive. The instabilities in the harvester refer to external forces induced by two magnets that repel each other. The first two inductive configurations were designed as a function of three parameters (length, mass, instability angle) to debug these using the maximum output voltage. The selected experiments were conducted in a piezo-inductive configuration. The results showed two effects on the output voltage—the first one is related to a system without resonances (higher broadband), and the second effect is associated with a multi-resonant system. As a final conclusion, it is pointed out that the electrical performance can be improved with the magnetic instabilities since these considerably amplified the output voltages.

Broadband Rotational Energy Harvesting Using Micro Energy Harvester

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Ta Chien ◽  
Yung-Hsing Fu ◽  
Chao-Ting Chen ◽  
Shun-Chiu Lin ◽  
Yi-Chung Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Rotational Excitation ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper proposes a broadband rotational energy harvesting setup by using micro piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). When driven in different rotating speed, the PEH can output relatively high power which exhibits the phenomenon of frequency up-conversion transforming the low frequency of rotation into the high frequency of resonant vibration. It aims to power self-powered devices used in the applications, like smart tires, smart bearings, and health monitoring sensors on rotational machines. Through the excitation of the rotary magnetic repulsion, the cantilever beam presents periodically damped oscillation. Under the rotational excitation, the maximum output voltage and power of PEH with optimal impedance is 28.2 Vpp and 663 μW, respectively. The output performance of the same energy harvester driven in ordinary vibrational based excitation is compared with rotational oscillation under open circuit condition. The maximum output voltage under 2.5g acceleration level of vibration is 27.54 Vpp while the peak output voltage of 36.5 Vpp in rotational excitation (in 265 rpm).

Liquid encapsulated electrostatic energy harvester for low-frequency vibrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Bu ◽  
Xiaoming Wu ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Litian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Flowing Liquid ◽  
Horizontal Vibration ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
High Relative Permittivity

This article presents the modeling, fabrication, and testing of liquid encapsulated energy harvester using polyvinylidene fluoride electrets. Unlike harvesters reported in previous literature, this liquid encapsulated energy harvester uses flowing liquid rather than conventional resonating structures to induce variable capacitance and is more suitable for low-frequency applications. Prototypes injected with three types of liquid ( N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, and glycerin) are tested in horizontal vibration and rotary motion mode, respectively. The results show that N, N-dimethylformamide–injected prototypes display the most desirable performance in horizontal vibration testing at 1–10 Hz due to high relative permittivity and low viscosity, with maximum output voltage of 2.32 V and power of 0.18 µW at 10 Hz. Glycerin-injected prototypes perform best at 0.1–1 Hz rotation due to effective movement and highest permittivity, with maximum output voltage of 11.46 V and power of 2.19 µW at 1 Hz.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

Study of Cantilever Structures Based on Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting at Low Frequency of Vibration

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ambrosio ◽  
Hector Gonzalez ◽  
Mario Moreno ◽  
Alfonso Torres ◽  
Rafael Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In this work is presented a study of a piezoelectric energy harvesting device used for low power consumption applications operating at relative low frequency. The structure consists of a cantilever beam made by Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) layer with two gold electrodes for electrical contacts. The piezoelectric material was selected taking into account its high coupling coefficients. Different structures were analyzed with variations in its dimensions and shape of the cantilever. The devices were designed to operate at the resonance frequency to get maximum electrical power output. The structures were simulated using finite element (FE) software. The analysis of the harvesting devices was performed in order to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the output power and the natural frequency. To validate the simulation results, an experiment with a PZT cantilever with brass substrate was carried out. The experimental data was found to be very close to simulation data. The results indicate that large structures, in the order of millimeters, are the ideal for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices providing a maximum output power in the range of mW

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Vortex-Induced Vibrations and Wake-Induced Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Junlei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Flow Induced Vibrations ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Output Characteristics

A rigid circular cylinder with two piezoelectric beams attached on has been tested through vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and wake-induced vibrations (WIV) by installing a big cylinder fixed upstream, in order to study the influence of the different flow-induced vibrations (FIV) types. The VIV test shows that the output voltage increases with the increases of load resistance; an optimal load resistance exists for the maximum output power. The WIV test shows that the vibration of the small cylinder is controlled by the vortex frequency of the large one. There is an optimal gap of the cylinders that can obtain the maximum output voltage and power. For a same energy harvesting device, WIV has higher power generation capacity; then the piezoelectric output characteristics can be effectively improved.

Experimental investigation of energy harvesting eel in the wake of bluff body under ocean waves

2020 ◽  
pp. 147509022094933
Author(s):  
Usman Latif ◽  
Ehtisham Ali ◽  
Emad Uddin ◽  
Zaib Ali ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Amplitude Maximum ◽  
Streamwise Distance ◽  
Fixed Cylinder

Investigation of the energy harvesting from deep water waves by using flexible piezoelectric eel in a controlled environment is studied. Energy harvesting potential is examined as a function of streamwise distance from the fixed cylinder and spanwise gap along with the cylinder at different wave conditions. Output voltage and eel flapping behavior are dependent on cylinder vortices caused by local wavelength and wave amplitude. Maximum energy is harvested when the eel is placed near to the surface caused by high flapping amplitude and frequency. Similarly, at greater depth low flapping amplitude is observed resulting in small output voltage. Maximum output voltages are found at the shorter wavelength and at a streamwise distance of gx = 1.25 (where gx is the ratio of spacing “S” between cylinder and eel to the diameter of cylinder “D”) for all spanwise gaps along with the cylinder and minimum voltages are calculated at a longer wavelength and streamwise distance gx = 0.75. An increase of 65% in energy harvesting is observed by switching longer wavelengths (λ) to a shorter one and changing the piezo-eel spanwise gap from deep to the shallow depth. Whereas, an increase of 31.5% was found by keeping wavelength constant and changing the spanwise gap of eel. Furthermore, it is observed that energy harvesting from the wake of a bluff body in the wavy motion of water is sensitive to the wavelength and wave height.

scholarly journals Design investigation of electromechanical generator for energy harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00079
Author(s):  
Nejc Smolar ◽  
Peter Virtič
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Cylindrical Form

In this paper designs of electromechanical generator for low frequency energy harvesting have been investigated. Simulation with finite element method has been conducted in order to determine highest output voltage of simple and robust generator consisting of permanent magnet and windings. In first part round magnets have been used in spherical and cylindrical form, benefiting from their ability to roll through winding with almost no mechanical friction inducing voltage in into windings. In the second part spindles with smaller radius than circumference of magnet were added to axis to increase rotational velocity of magnet in ambition to further increase induced voltage. As a result of added spindles and use of different magnet shapes length of winding turn varied and resistance of winding varied with it. To ensure similar conditions, windings have been recalculated to lowest electrical resistance using same fill factor, resulting in less winding turns decreasing induced voltage. In case of same kinetic energy input, higher rotational velocity combined with lower inertia produced higher induced voltage output.

A novel low-frequency broadband piezoelectric energy harvester combined with a negative stiffness vibration isolator

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxing Cao ◽  
Xiangying Guo ◽  
Wenhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Stiffness ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

The transformation of waste vibration energy into low-power electricity has been intensely researched over the last decade to enable self-sustained wireless electronic components. Many kinds of nonlinear oscillators have been explored by several research groups in an effort to enhance the frequency bandwidth of operation. The negative stiffness vibration isolator, as a kind of passive vibration isolator, has undergone extensive investigation because of its low-frequency isolator characteristics. In this article, a novel broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, which can be used for low-frequency ambient mechanical energy harvesting, is designed, and its dynamic responses are analyzed based on the advantage of the negative stiffness vibration isolator. The multi-scale perturbation method is applied to solve the electromechanical equations of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and obtain approximate analytical solutions. Solutions based on the analytical method and numerical simulations reveal the characteristics of significant broadband performance. The effects of the various system parameters on the frequency responses and output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester system are investigated in detail, and the vibration isolation ability is verified by experimental measurements. It was concluded that the proposed piezoelectric vibration energy harvester achieved broadband vibration energy harvesting in the low-frequency vibration range.

Optimal Energy Harvesting From Impulse Trains Using Piezoelectric Transduction

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kody ◽  
J. T. Scruggs
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Optimal Harvesting ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Linear Quadratic Optimal Control ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Harvesting Time

In applications of vibration energy harvesting to embedded wireless sensing, the available power and energy can be very low. This poses interesting challenges for technological feasibility if the parasitic losses in the electronics used to harvest this energy are prohibitive. In this study, we present a theory for the active control of power generation in energy harvesters in a manner which addresses and compensates for parasitic loss. We conduct the analysis in the context of a single-transducer piezoelectric bimorph cantilever beam subjected to a low-frequency impulse train. The power generation of the vibration energy harvester is maximized while considering mechanical losses, electrical losses, and the static power required to activate control intelligence and facilitate power-electronic conversion. It is shown that the optimal harvesting current can be determined through the use of linear quadratic optimal control techniques. The optimal harvesting time over which energy should be generated, following an impulse, is determined concurrently with the optimal feedback law. We show that this optimal harvesting time exhibits bifurcations as a function of the parameters characterizing the losses in the system.

scholarly journals A Pendulum-Like Low Frequency Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Based on Polymer Spring and Coils

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3380
Author(s):  
Yunjia Li ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Shuhan Zhang ◽  
Chenyuan Zhou ◽  
Dayong Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Circuit Output

This paper presents a low-frequency electromagnetic vibrational energy harvester (EVEH) with two degrees of freedom and two resonant modes. The proposed EVEH is based on a disc magnet suspended in a pendulum fashion by a polymeric spring between two sets of polymer coil stacks. The fabricated EVEH is capable of harvesting vibration energy on two directions with an extended bandwidth. With a sinusoidal acceleration of ±1 g on Z direction, a peak-to-peak closed-circuit output voltage of 0.51 V (open-circuit voltage: 1 V), and an output power of 35.1 μW are achieved at the resonant frequency of 16 Hz. With a sinusoidal acceleration of ±1.5 g on X direction, a peak-to-peak output voltage of 0.14 V and power of 2.56 μW are achieved, at the resonant frequency of 20 Hz.

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