scholarly journals Effects of Mass Selection on Husk and Cob Color in Five Purple Field Corn Populations Segregating for Purple Husks

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Ponsawan Khamphasan ◽  
Khomsorn Lomthaisong ◽  
Bhornchai Harakotr ◽  
Marvin Paul Scott ◽  
Kamol Lertrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Field Corn

Improvement of anthocyanin levels in husks and cobs of field corn may add economic value to corn coproducts in commercial production. This study aimed to evaluate the response to four cycles of modified mass selection (MMS) for yield, agronomic traits, total anthocyanin yield (TAY), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (TEAC) in corn husk and cob of five purple field corn populations. The improved populations and check varieties were evaluated at two locations for two seasons in 2017/2018. Selection cycle contributed to a large portion of the total variations for TAC, TPC, DPPH and TEAC in corn husk and cob. All tested populations showed progress for days to anthesis, TAY, TAC, TPC, DPPH and TEAC across four cycles of selection. Lack of significant correlation between agronomic traits and anthocyanin concentrations suggested the independent segregation of these traits. MMS was successfully used to develop field corn populations with improved anthocyanin, antioxidant activities and early flowering without significant yield loss. The populations with the highest selection gains for anthocyanin in husk and cob were identified. Visual selection for dark purple husks and cobs boosted anthocyanin levels and antioxidant activity in selected populations.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Anthocyanins, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity in Cob and Husk of Purple Field Corn

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponsawan Khamphasan ◽  
Khomsorn Lomthaisong ◽  
Bhornchai Harakotr ◽  
Danupol Ketthaisong ◽  
Marvin Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Field Corn

Information on phytochemicals in the cob and husk of field corn is important for the use of corn waste in the production of value-added corn products. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the variation in monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity, as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in 53 purple field corn genotypes, and to study the correlations of these traits with color parameters. Fifty-three corn genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in the dry season of 2015/2016. The effects of genotype, location, and the interaction between genotype and location were significant for most characters. Genotypic variation contributed to a large portion of the total variance for all traits, accounting for 63.9–86.9%. Corn genotypes were classified into six groups based on MAC, TPC, and antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH and the TEAC methods. The highest MAC, TPC, and antioxidant activity were obtained in TB/KND//PF3 and TB/KND//PF8 for husk, and only TB/KND//PF8 for cob. They should be used as parental lines to develop corn varieties with high phytochemicals. Chroma (C*) and hue (H°) of color parameters could potentially be used as an indirect selection criterion for improving MAC, TPC, and antioxidant activity in cob. The information is useful for the improvement of phytochemicals in cob and husk of field corn.

scholarly journals DNA Damage Protecting Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Anthocyanins from Red Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Bran

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Suganya Devi ◽  
M. Saravana Kumar ◽  
S. Mohan Das
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Sorghum Bran

There is increasing interest in natural food colorants like carotenoids and anthocyanins with functional properties. Red sorghum bran is known as a rich source for anthocyanins. The anthocyanin contents extracted from red sorghum bran were evaluated by biochemical analysis. Among the three solvent system used, the acidified methanol extract showed a highest anthocyanin content (4.7 mg/g of sorghum bran) followed by methanol (1.95 mg/g) and acetone (1 mg/g). Similarly, the highest total flavonoids (143 mg/g) and total phenolic contents (0.93 mg/g) were obtained in acidified methanol extracts than methanol and acetone extracts. To study the health benefits of anthocyanin from red sorghum bran, the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by biochemical and molecular methods. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in acidified methanol extracts of anthocyanin in dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activity of the red sorghum bran was directly related to the total anthocyanin found in red sorghum bran.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis for Agronomic Traits, Husk and Cob Pigment Concentration of Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Ponsawan Khamphasan ◽  
Khomsorn Lomthaisong ◽  
Bhornchai Harakotr ◽  
Marvin Paul Scott ◽  
Kamol Lertrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Maize Varieties

The objective of this study was to identify the maize inbred lines with good general combining ability (GCA), good specific combining ability (SCA), high heterosis for yield and phytochemicals, and the crosses with high yield of yellow kernels and high anthocyanin content in cobs and husk, which was probably related to the high antioxidant activity. The parental lines including five unpigmented females and five pigmented males were crossed in North Carolina design II. The parents, the resulting 25 hybrids, and 5 controls were evaluated at two locations in the dry season of 2016/2017. Additive and non-additive gene effects controlled the inheritance of grain yield, agronomic traits, and phytochemicals. KKU–PFC2 and KKU–PFC4 had the highest GCA effects for phytochemical traits in husk and cob, whereas Takfa1 and Takfa3 were good combiners for grain yield. F1 hybrids had significantly higher total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in husk and cob than pigmented control cultivars. The hybrids superior for individual traits were identified, but the experiment was not able to identify superior hybrids for multiple traits. The Takfa3 × KKU–PFC5 and NakhonSuwan2 × KKU-PFC4 had the highest anthocyanin in husk and cobs, respectively. The breeding strategies to develop maize varieties with high anthocyanins and normal yellow kernels and utilization of the hybrids are discussed.

scholarly journals Extraction of Anthocyanins from Borage (Echium amoenum) Flowers Using Choline Chloride and a Glycerol-Based, Deep Eutectic Solvent: Optimization, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Bioavailability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Oscar Zannou ◽  
Hojjat Pashazadeh ◽  
Mohamed Ghellam ◽  
Salam A. Ibrahim ◽  
Ilkay Koca
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Echium Amoenum

Borage flower (Echium amoenum), an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region, is an excellent source of anthocyanins and is widely used in various forms due to its biological activities. In the present study, a choline chloride and glycerol (CHGLY)-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was applied in order to extract the anthocyanins from borage flowers. The traditional solvents, including water, methanol, and ethanol, were used to evaluate the efficiency of CHGLY. The results showed that CHGLY was highly efficient compared to the traditional solvents, providing the highest amounts of the total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). The most dominant anthocyanin found in studied borage was cyanidin-3-glucoside, followed by cyanin chloride, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and pelargonidin-3-glucoside. The bioavailability % was 71.86 ± 0.47%, 77.29 ± 0.57%, 80.22 ± 0.65%, and 90.95 ± 1.01% for cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, by pelargonidin-3-glucoside and cyanin chloride, respectively. However, cyanidin-3-glucoside was the anthocyanin compound showing the highest stability (99.11 ± 1.66%) in the gastrointestinal environment. These results suggested that choline chloride and glycerol-based NADES is not only an efficient, eco-friendly solvent for the extraction of anthocyanins but can also be used to increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying Methods on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Grape Skin Residues from the New Hybrid Variety “BRS Magna”

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3701
Author(s):  
Gabriela Viana da Silva ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado ◽  
Walkia Polliana de Oliveira ◽  
Camilla Fernanda Godinho da Silva ◽  
Cedenir Pereira de Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Conventional Oven

The effects of the drying process using the conventional oven and freeze-drying on the thermogravimetric profile, proximate composition, color parameters, individual bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity in the grape residue (skin) were evaluated. Twenty individual phenolic compounds were identified, where a variation in concentration was observed for flavonols, stilbenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, and particularly anthocyanins (malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside of 253.2–536.9 mg/kg) due to the drying process. Drying in a conventional oven caused a decrease of 23% of the total polyphenols. The skin of the BRS magna grape has a high concentration of total phenolic content of 489.5–148.3 mg.GAE/100 g, total anthocyanin content of 124.9–260.1 mg.CE/100 g, and total flavonoid content of 12.7–26.0 mg.QE/100 g. The results of free radical scavenging activity (1.26–4.91 μg/mL, as EC50) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (82.93–184.10 μmol/g of skin as equivalent to Fe2SO4) indicate high antioxidant activity, independently of the drying process applied. It was concluded that, if the application is directed to anthocyanin compounds, the use of lyophilization is recommended. On the other hand, if the interest is in bioactive compounds that exert antioxidant activity, conventional oven-drying can be used.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Minor Indigenous Fruits in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Molla M.M ◽  
Sabuz A.A ◽  
Chowdhury M.G.F ◽  
Khan M.H.H ◽  
Alam M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Antioxidant Power

Minor fruits are a potential source of antinutrients, but there is no complete primary data source in the Bangladeshi context. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to acquire documentation for a database of the composition of selected minor fruits. The total phenolic (TPH), vitamin C, total carotene, and ß-carotene contents and antioxidant activity of selected minor fruits were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays (RPA). Phenolic compounds were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and autosampler. Results revealed that minor fruits contain different phytochemicals, particularly TPH, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid (TF), ß-carotene, total carotenoid (TC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC); values ranged, respectively, 0.23-176.50 mg GAE/g, 16.67-664.92 mg/100 g, 2.26-150.02 mg QE/100 g, 1.41-6897.57 µg/100 g, 1.26-98.24 mg/100 g and 1.15-47.46 mg/100 g. In the parameters antioxidant activity, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, reducing power capacity (RPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating capacity (MCC), nitric oxide (NO), and free radical scavenging activity, IC50 ranged 0.01-278.24 µg of ascorbic acid/mg of extract, 39.70-250.00%, 3.21-634.00%, 0.02-1817.88 µM Fe2SO4/100g, 22.29-210.43%, 0.02-70.50%, and 4.98-856.70 µg/g, respectively. Among the identified and quantified phenolic acids, leading examples were gallic acid (279.06 mg/100 g), vanilic acid (43.77 mg/100 g), Þ-courmaric acid (178.96 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (20.44 mg/100 g), and lutein (91.13 µg/100 g) in aonla, day fruit, elephant apple, and bilimbi. Moreover, all selected minor fruits are rich sources of bioactive, biochemical, and antioxidant compounds with potential for use in therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Seed Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, and Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents in Accessions of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3964
Author(s):  
Bimal-Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Ji-Won Seo ◽  
Chang-Yeon Yu ◽  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ill-Min Chung
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Extracts

Sorghum is a major cereal food worldwide, and is considered a potential source of minerals and bioactive compounds. Its wide adaptive range may cause variations in its agronomic traits, antioxidant properties, and phytochemical content. This extensive study investigated variations in seed characteristics, antioxidant properties, and total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of sorghum collected from different ecological regions of 15 countries. The antioxidant potential of the seed extracts of various sorghum accessions was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Significant variations in TPC were observed among the sorghum accessions. All 78 sorghum accessions used in this study exhibited significant variations in TFC, with the lowest and highest amount observed in accessions C465 and J542, respectively. DPPH scavenging potential of the seed extracts for all the accessions ranged from 11.91 ± 4.83 to 1343.90 ± 81.02 µg mL−1. The ABTS assay results were similar to those of DPPH but showed some differences in the accessions. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a wide variation range in the correlation between antioxidant activity and TPC, as well as TFC, among the sorghum accessions. A wide diversity range was also recorded for the seed characteristics (1000-seed weight and seed germination rate). A dendrogram generated from UPGMA clustering, based on seed traits, antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC was highly dispersed for these accessions. Variations among the accessions may provide useful information regarding the phytoconstituents, antioxidant properties, and phytochemical contents of sorghum and aid in designing breeding programs to obtain sorghum with improved agronomic traits and bioactive properties.

scholarly journals Effect of drying techniques on the retention of antioxidant activities of Saskatoon berries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabendu Mitra ◽  
Venkatesh Meda ◽  
Rick Green
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

The main objective of this research was to compare the retention of antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content of Saskatoon berries dried by freeze drying, microwave-vacuum drying, thin layer hot air drying and vacuum drying. Antioxidant activity of berry samples was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging, and the pH differential method was used to determine total anthocyanin content of the berry samples. The results showed that the freeze dried Saskatoon berries exhibited the highest retention of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity among the dried samples, followed by microwave-vacuum dried berries, thin layer hot air dried berries and vacuum dried berries. There were significant differences between the berry samples at P<0.05.  DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging were correlated linearly with an R2 value of 0.99 at P<0.05 showing their effectiveness for the determination of the antioxidant activity of the Saskatoon berries. However, the DPPH radical scavenging assay was more effective than the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The results also showed that antioxidant activity of the berries was highly correlated with the total anthocyanin content of the fruit. The reduction of anthocyanin in dried berry samples was linearly correlated with the reduction of DPPH radical scavenging with an R2 value of 0.97 at P<0.05 and, also, linearly correlated with the reduction of ABTS radical scavenging with an R2 value of 0.88 at P<0.05.

scholarly journals Effect of drying techniques on the retention of antioxidant activities of Saskatoon berries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranabendu Mitra ◽  
Venkatesh Meda ◽  
Rick Green
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

The main objective of this research was to compare the retention of antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content of Saskatoon berries dried by freeze drying, microwave-vacuum drying, thin layer hot air drying and vacuum drying. Antioxidant activity of berry samples was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging, and the pH differential method was used to determine total anthocyanin content of the berry samples. The results showed that the freeze dried Saskatoon berries exhibited the highest retention of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity among the dried samples, followed by microwave-vacuum dried berries, thin layer hot air dried berries and vacuum dried berries. There were significant differences between the berry samples at P<0.05.  DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS radical scavenging were correlated linearly with an R2 value of 0.99 at P<0.05 showing their effectiveness for the determination of the antioxidant activity of the Saskatoon berries. However, the DPPH radical scavenging assay was more effective than the ABTS radical scavenging assay. The results also showed that antioxidant activity of the berries was highly correlated with the total anthocyanin content of the fruit. The reduction of anthocyanin in dried berry samples was linearly correlated with the reduction of DPPH radical scavenging with an R2 value of 0.97 at P<0.05 and, also, linearly correlated with the reduction of ABTS radical scavenging with an R2 value of 0.88 at P<0.05.

scholarly journals Biocomponents and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes khorasanicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi ◽  
Jalil Khara ◽  
Mohammad Reza Housaindokht ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.

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