scholarly journals Alternative Strategies for Controlling Wireworms in Field Crops: A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Sylvain Poggi ◽  
Ronan Le Cointe ◽  
Jörn Lehmhus ◽  
Manuel Plantegenest ◽  
Lorenzo Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Companion Plants

Wireworms, the soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), comprise major pests of several crops worldwide, including maize and potatoes. The current trend towards the reduction in pesticides use has resulted in strong demand for alternative methods to control wireworm populations. This review provides a state-of-the-art of current theory and practice in order to develop new agroecological strategies. The first step should be to conduct a risk assessment based on the production context (e.g., crop, climate, soil characteristics, and landscape) and on adult and/or larval population monitoring. When damage risk appears significant, prophylactic practices can be applied to reduce wireworm abundance (e.g., low risk rotations, tilling, and irrigation). Additionally, curative methods based on natural enemies and on naturally derived insecticides are, respectively, under development or in practice in some countries. Alternatively, practices may target a reduction in crop damage instead of pest abundance through the adoption of selected cultural practices (e.g., resistant varieties, planting and harvesting time) or through the manipulation of wireworm behavior (e.g., companion plants). Practices can be combined in a global Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework to provide the desired level of crop protection.

scholarly journals Preparing Teachers of English Language Learners: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca López ◽  
Martin Scanlan ◽  
Becky Gundrum
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
English Language Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Reading Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Training

In this study, we examined the degree to which the requirements in each state’s teacher education programs reflect current theory and practice for teachers of ELLs in their coursework, and how these requirements in turn are related to 4th grade Hispanic ELL’s reading outcomes on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. We found that required coursework on English language development and assessment were positively related to Hispanic ELLs' reading outcomes. Moreover, states that require both specialist certification, and all teachers to have some level of training to meet the needs of ELLs, also tend to have higher levels of achievement than states that do not have these requirements.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COOPERATION IS EFFECTIVE MECHANISM FOR FORENSIC SCIENCE IMPROVEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
O. Kliuiev
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Research ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Research Cooperation ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
European Standards

The article reveals the content of international research cooperation of science forensic institutions of Ukraine other countries across the world. One of the main areas of work of forensic science institutions of Ukraine is compliance with European standards for forensic examinations and forensic researches. Because of this current trend at the present stage is to expand participation of forensic science institutions in international cooperation, increase their role in the further development of theory and practice of forensic science and criminalistics. It is concluded that improvement of forensic activity in Ukraine and international cooperation in the field of expert support of justice is one of the leading activities of National Scientific Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The international agreements/memoranda with the partner institutions of NSC « Hon.  Prof.  M. S. Bokarius FSI» are indicated, in which provisions the main strategic directions of research cooperation in the field of forensic science and criminalistics are determined. It is concluded that in-depth research of problematic aspects of forensic practice, use of the latest and most advanced technology in conducting forensic examinations and forensic researches is the guarantee for to improving efficiency of forensic science institutions of Ukraine and in the near future will open new horizons for forensic science  and criminalistics.

scholarly journals Urban Gardening in the Crisis Conjuncture

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Christopher Maughan ◽  
Christopher Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
Alternative Food Movements

Urban gardening finds itself at a juncture – not only are crises caused and exacerbated by the industrial food system urgently demonstrating the need for more localised, sustainable, and democratically-determined food systems, but alternative food movements are increasingly negotiating crises of their own. Critical Foodscapes was a one-day conference part-funded by Warwick’s Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) and the Food GRP. The conference was put together with the intention of bringing a ‘critical studies’ approach to the emerging research area of urban community food growing; namely, to put critical – but constructive – pressure on some of the assumptions which underlie current theory and practice of the various forms of urban food growing. This article offers some reflections on the conference itself as well as on the prospects for urban gardening more generally.

A Confirmatory Investigation of a Job Demands-Resources Model Using a Categorical Estimator

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon de Beer ◽  
Sebastiaan Rothmann ◽  
Jaco Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

A confirmatory investigation of a job demands-resources model was conducted with alternative methods, in a sample of 15, 633 working adults aggregated from various economic sectors. The proposed model is in line with job demands-resources theory and assumes two psychological processes at work which are collectively coined “the dual process.” The first process, the energetic, presents that job demands lead to ill-health outcomes due to burnout. The second process, the motivational, indicates that job resources lead to organizational commitment due to work engagement. Structural equation modelling analyses were implemented with a categorical estimator. Mediation analyses of each of the processes included bootstrapped indirect effects and kappa-squared values to apply qualitative labels to effect sizes. The relationship between job resources and organizational commitment was mediated by engagement with a large effect. The relationship between job demands and ill-health was mediated by burnout with a medium effect. The implications of the results for theory and practice were discussed.

A Haplotype Analysis System for Genes Discovery of Common Diseases

2011 ◽  
pp. 590-604
Author(s):  
Takashi Kido
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Analysis System

This chapter introduces computational methods for detecting complex disease loci with haplotype analysis. It argues that the haplotype analysis, which plays a major role in the study of population genetics, can be computationally modeled and systematically implemented as a means for detecting causative genes of complex diseases. In this chapter, the author provides a review of issues on haplotype analysis and proposes the analysis system which integrates a comprehensive spectrum of functions on haplotype analysis for supporting disease association studies. The explanation of the system and some real examples of the haplotype analysis will not only provide researchers with better understanding of current theory and practice of genetic association studies, but also present a computational perspective on the gene discovery research for the common diseases.

A Haplotype Analysis System for Genes Discovery of Common Diseases

2011 ◽  
pp. 214-230
Author(s):  
Takashi Kido
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Analysis System

This chapter introduces computational methods for detecting complex disease loci with haplotype analysis. It argues that the haplotype analysis, which plays a major role in the study of population genetics, can be computationally modeled and systematically implemented as a means for detecting causative genes of complex diseases. In this chapter, the author provides a review of issues on haplotype analysis and proposes the analysis system which integrates a comprehensive spectrum of functions on haplotype analysis for supporting disease association studies. The explanation of the system and some real examples of the haplotype analysis will not only provide researchers with better understanding of current theory and practice of genetic association studies, but also present a computational perspective on the gene discovery research for the common diseases.

Movement and impact of Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in citrus orchards after inundative releases against the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Codling Moth ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
False Codling Moth ◽  
Pest Density ◽  
Cryptophlebia Leucotreta ◽  
Inundative Releases

AbstractInundative releases of the indigenous egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja were made against Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) in two sweet orange orchards in the Transvaal lowveld, South Africa. The rate of parasitism was raised to similar levels in the two release areas, but there was a significant decrease in crop damage in only one of them. Although the larval population was twice as large in a control orchard, the losses there were compensated for by a larger total crop. Three explanations for the different performances of the parasitoids are examined. Movement away from release areas was not apparent. Rates of parasitism at the tops or bottoms of trees or at the four cardinal aspects were not significantly different overall but should have been to compensate for the linear increase in numbers of host eggs with height, and the larger numbers on the warmer northern and eastern sides of trees. Parasitism was higher at the tree tops than at the bottoms in the orchard that lost the least fruit. The stochastic processes governing host-egg distribution on fruit were also important. Pest density was higher in the release areas than the control, and eggs were distributed more contagiously in the orchard with the most crop loss.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Plant Susceptibility to Pests: A Mini Opinion Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Coutand
Keyword(s):  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Develop Environment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Plants are subject to multiple pest attacks during their growing cycle. In order to address consumers’ desire to buy healthy vegetables and fruits, i.e., without chemical residues, and to develop environment-friendly agriculture, major research efforts are being made to find alternative methods to reduce or suppress the use of chemicals. Many methods are currently being tested. Among these methods, some are being tested in order to modify plant physiology to render it less susceptible to pathogen and pest attacks by developing plant immunity. An emerging potentially interesting method that is being studied at this time is mechanical stimuli (MS). Although the number of articles on the effect of MS on plant immunity is still not large, it has been reported that several types of mechanical stimuli induce a reduction of plant susceptibility to pests for different plant species in the case of wounding and non-wounding stimuli. This mini review aims to summarize the knowledge available at this time by raising questions that should be addressed before considering MS as an operable alternative method to increase plant immunity for crop protection.

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