Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Soil Properties in Camellia oleifera

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well known for their important physiological implications on diversified host plants, while the information on AMF diversity and its relationship with soil properties of Camellia oleifera is yet not fully understood. In the proposed study, high-throughput sequencing of small subunit ribosomal RNA was performed to analyze the AMF diversity of the rhizosphere and endosphere of 20-year-old C. oleifera Xianglin in the field at Wuhan (China) and their relationship with soil physico-chemical properties. As high as 30.73–41.68% of the roots of C. oleifera were colonized by indigenous AMF with a spore density of 66–111 spores/10 g soil. The surface soil (0–20 cm) showed significantly higher root fungal colonization, spore density, soil hyphal length, and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein content than the sub-surface soil (20–40 cm). Soil pH value, available K, and NO3−-N content affected the root and soil mycorrhizal development, whilst soil pH proved to be the most influential soil property governing their variability. A total of 467 OTUs associated with AMF were detected from the endosphere and rhizosphere, representing 10 genera and 138 species, of which 295 OTUs and 9 genera were jointly observed. The genus Glomus displayed maximum relative abundance (>86%) in both endosphere and rhizosphere. Scutellospora was detected in the endosphere, but absent in the rhizosphere. The endosphere recorded a relatively higher number of OTUs and alpha diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and PD index) of AMF than rhizosphere. Our study, hence, revealed that C. oleifera in fields was mainly colonized by Glomus, coupled with comparatively greater AMF diversity in the endosphere than in the rhizosphere, governed predominantly by soil pH, NO3−-N content, and available K content.

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Global soil-climate-biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota

10.5194/bg-2018-449 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xia Zhao ◽

Yuanhe Yang ◽

Haihua Shen ◽

Xiaoqing Geng ◽

Jingyun Fang

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Global Scale ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Global Soil ◽

Soc Density ◽

Surface Soil Properties ◽

Soil Climate

Abstract. Surface soils interact strongly with both climate and biota and provide fundamental ecosystem services that maintain food, climate, and human security. However, the quantitative linkages between soil properties, climate, and biota at the global scale remain unclear. By compiling a comprehensive global soil database, we mapped eight major soil properties (bulk density; clay, silt, and sand fractions; soil pH; soil organic carbon [SOC] density; soil total nitrogen [STN] density; and soil C : N mass ratios) in the surface (0–30 cm) soil layer based on machine learning algorithms, and demonstrated the quantitative linkages between surface soil properties, climate, and biota at the global scale (i.e., global soil-climate-biome diagram). On the diagram, bulk density increased significantly with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower mean annual precipitation (MAP); soil clay fraction increased significantly with higher MAT and MAP; Soil pH decreased with higher MAP and lower MAT, and the critical MAP for the transition from alkaline to acidic soil decreased with decreasing MAT; SOC density and STN density both were jointly affected by MAT and MAP, showing an increase at lower MAT and a saturation tendency towards higher MAP. Surface soil physical and chemical properties also showed remarkable variations across biomes. The soil-climate-biome diagram suggests the co-evolution of the soil, climate, and biota under global environmental change.

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Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to root colonization, spore density, and soil properties among different spreading stages of the exotic plant threeflower beggarweed (Desmodium triflorum) in a Zoysia tenuifolia lawn

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2019.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 689-701

Author(s):

Xiaoge Han ◽

Changchao Xu ◽

Yutao Wang ◽

Dan Huang ◽

Qiang Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Spore Density ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Weed Invasion ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

Amf Communities ◽

Spore Densities

AbstractWeed invasion is a prevailing problem in modestly managed lawns. Less attention has been given to the exploration of the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under different invasion pressures from lawn weeds. We conducted a four-season investigation into a Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele (native turfgrass)–threeflower beggarweed [Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.] (invasive weed) co-occurring lawn. The root mycorrhizal colonizations of the two plants, the soil AM fungal communities and the spore densities under five different coverage levels of D. triflorum were investigated. Desmodium triflorum showed significantly higher root hyphal and vesicular colonizations than those of Z. tenuifolia, while the root colonizations of both species varied significantly among seasons. The increased coverage of D. triflorum resulted in the following effects: (1) the spore density initially correlated with mycorrhizal colonizations of Z. tenuifolia but gradually correlated with those of D. triflorum. (2) Correlations among soil properties, spore densities, and mycorrhizal colonizations were more pronounced in the higher coverage levels. (3) Soil AMF community compositions and relative abundances of AMF operational taxonomic units changed markedly in response to the increased invasion pressure. The results provide strong evidence that D. triflorum possessed a more intense AMF infection than Z. tenuifolia, thus giving rise to the altered host contributions to sporulation, soil AMF communities, relations of soil properties, spore densities, and root colonizations of the two plants, all of which are pivotal for the successful invasion of D. triflorum in lawns.

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Soil quality and C-S-R fungal communities in monoculture plantations after conversion from subtropical forest

10.22541/au.164076512.22206022/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Xiao Wu ◽

Huangwei Li ◽

Chen Ning ◽

Yong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Α Diversity

Intensive clear cutting of natural forests and conversion to monoculture plantations are ongoing worldwide, leading to degradation of soil quality and microbial functions. Here, we compared soil quality index (SQI) and fungal community in a natural forest (Forest) and four 5-year-old monoculture plantations, including Camellia oleifera (Oil), Amygdalus persica (Peach), Myrica rubra (Berry) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Fir), in a subtropical region of China. After conversion, soil pH rose up to 0.31, but organic carbon, total nitrogen, sucrase, acid protease, glutaminase and phosphatase activities decreased by 83%, 59%, 43%, 31%, 64%, 66% and 77%, respectively, in the plantations. Correspondingly, the SQI dropped by 65%. High-throughput sequencing of the ITS1 region demonstrated an increase in α-diversity and a striking difference in β-diversity following conversion. Changes in the dominant fungal taxa following forest conversion to plantations was interpreted by Grime’s C-S-R life history framework. Conversion increased the fungal groups with stress-tolerant (S) and ruderal (R) strategies - mainly copiotrophic saprophytes, such as Ascomycota and Zygomycota, but decreased the fungal groups with competitor (C) strategies - mainly oligotrophic saprophytes and mycorrhizal fungi, such as Basidiomycota. Genera affiliated to those phyla including Pseudophialophora, Rhytisma increased, but Russula decreased. Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that the diversity and composition of fungal communities changed with soil quality degradation, which were mainly driven by increased soil pH, decreased available carbon and nutrients (N, P), and related enzymes activities.

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Regional-scale analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the case of Burgundy vineyards

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2016.50.1.49 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marie-Lara Bouffaud ◽

Eric Bernaud ◽

Annie Colombet ◽

Diederik Van Tuinen ◽

Daniel Wipf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Core Species ◽

Amf Diversity

Aim: To improve knowledge of arbuscular fungal communities for a sustainable management in vineyards.Methods and results: In 16 plots across Burgundy under contrasted soil properties and agricultural practices, we assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity in vine roots, using pyrosequencing of ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS). AMF sequences could be retrieved from all plots across Burgundy, both in organic and in conventional vineyards with high chemical inputs. Sequences from the survey were almost exclusively affiliated to molecular taxa in the Glomerales, including six “core species” found in all plots, corresponding to 77% of all sequences, suggesting a relatively low species diversity in vine roots. A large part of the molecular taxa had no close similarity to previously-reported sequences.Conclusion: AMF diversity observed in vine roots was relatively low and a significant proportion of molecular taxa shared between the sites. Nevertheless, some differences in the AMF community composition were observed between the plots.Significance and impact of the study: This is the first large-scale study of AMF diversity in French vineyards using high-throughput sequencing, which will contribute to a better understanding of ecology of these fungi in vine roots, thus providing essential knowledge for future applications in sustainable agriculture in vineyards

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Effect of Septoria Leaf Blotch and its Control with Commercial Fungicides, on arbuscular-mycorrhizal-Fungal Colonization, Spore Numbers, and morphotype Diversity

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2014-0002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Santiago Schalamuk ◽

Silvana Velazquez ◽

María Rosa Simón ◽

Marta Cabello

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Spore Density ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽

Foliar Disease ◽

Leaf Blotch ◽

Carbon Supply ◽

Commercial Fungicide

Abstract Arbuscular-mycorrhizal internal structures (i.e. total root colonization, arbuscules, vesicles) and external structures (i.e. spore density), and Glomeromycota spore morphotypes, were evaluated in wheat severely infected with Mycosphaerella graminicola - the causal agent of Septoria leaf blotch. Plots in which the infection was controlled with a commercial fungicide at recommended field doses, were also examined. The commercial fungicide used was an admixture of trifloxistrobin and tebuconazole. No negative effects of the fungicide application on arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were found. The M. graminicola fungicidal treatment actually favoured the formation of arbuscules and AMF spores, as there was a selective increase in the density of spores belonging to the glomoid morphotype. Arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi have an absolute dependence on the carbon provided by the plant. A severe foliar disease leading to a diminished carbon supply to the roots would generate decreases in carbon availability. Such decreases would strongly affect mycorrhizal associations and development. Furthermore, the change in the green-leaf area produced by a severe foliar disease and/or a reversal of that condition through fungicide treatment could result in shifts in the composition of the AMF community so as to favour glomoid morphotypes. Glomoid species have been previously considered as r-strategists

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Effects of Heavy Metals/Metalloids and Soil Properties on Microbial Communities in Farmland in the Vicinity of a Metals Smelter

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.707786 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xuewu Hu ◽

Jianlei Wang ◽

Ying Lv ◽

Xingyu Liu ◽

Juan Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Multiple Heavy Metals

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling and are highly sensitive to environmental factors, including the physiochemical properties of the soils and the concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to study the microbial communities of farmland soils in farmland in the vicinity of a lead–zinc smelter. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were the predominant phyla in the sites of interest. Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Lysobacter, Flavisolibacter, and Chitinophaga were heavy metal-/metalloid-tolerant microbial groups with potential for bioremediation of the heavy metal/metalloid contaminated soils. However, the bacterial diversity was different for the different sites. The contents of heavy metal/metalloid species and the soil properties were studied to evaluate the effect on the soil bacterial communities. The Mantel test revealed that soil pH, total cadmium (T-Cd), and available arsenic played a vital role in determining the structure of the microbial communities. Further, we analyzed statistically the heavy metals/metalloids and the soil properties, and the results revealed that the microbial richness and diversity were regulated mainly by the soil properties, which correlated positively with organic matter and available nitrogen, while available phosphorus and available potassium were negatively correlated. The functional annotation of the prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) method was used to predict the function of the microbial communities. Chemoheterotrophy and airborne chemoheterotrophy of the main microbial community functions were inhibited by soil pH and the heavy metals/metalloids, except in the case of available lead. Mantel tests revealed that T-Cd and available zinc were the dominant factors affecting the functions of the microbial communities. Overall, the research indicated that in contaminated soils, the presence of multiple heavy metals/metalloids, and the soil properties synergistically shaped the structure and function of the microbial communities.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil, roots and rhizosphere ofMedicago truncatula: diversity and heterogeneity under semi-arid conditions

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6401 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Neji Mahmoudi ◽

Cristina Cruz ◽

Mosbah Mahdhi ◽

Mohamed Mars ◽

Maria F. Caeiro

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Aridity Index ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Arid Ecosystems ◽

Spore Density ◽

Amf Diversity ◽

Semi Arid

Mycorrhizal symbioses are considered indicators of ecosystem biodiversity. However, their diversity and relevance in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are poorly understood. This study addressed this subject, the main objective being to evaluate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and heterogeneity in a semi-arid region. Samples of bulk and rhizosphere soil and fine roots ofMedicago truncatulawere collected at four different sites with the same aridity index (6.1), in Bou-Hedma National Park, Tunisia, a semi-arid ecosystem. AMF taxa were assessed by 454- pyrosequencing and identified by BLAST matching of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) against the MaarjAMdatabase, targeting AMF SSUrRNAgene diversity. Roots were the hotspots of AMF diversity (107 OTUs out of a total of 138). Of the 138 OTUs, 113 found correspondence in the MaarjAMdatabase, with 32 AMF virtual taxa (VTX),19 Site-exclusive (SE) and 13 common to at least two sites (Non-site exclusive, NSE); the remaining 25 OTUs grouped in 16 putative new AMF taxa (pNTX), each one consisting of OTUs sharing pairwise distances not higher than 3%. We found a high diversity and heterogeneity of AMF across the four sites, which showed, in a regression analysis, significant relation to six out of the eight environmental parameters evaluated: grazing activity and soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. AMF colonization of plants also presented significant differences among the four sites, as well as spore density, microbial biomass and several enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and phosphatase) evaluated in rhizosphere soils. The four sites clustered in two groups in a hierarchical clustering evaluation based on their AMF diversity (total numbers of OTU, VTX and pNTX) and the parameters referred above. The crucial role of abiotic factors, other than aridity index, on AMF community composition, was evidenced by the high heterogeneity found between AMF communities across sites under identical aridity conditions.

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Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.609386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mengge Zhang ◽

Zhaoyong Shi ◽

Mei Yang ◽

Shichuan Lu ◽

Libing Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Molecular Diversity ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Vital Role ◽

Amf Diversity ◽

And Function ◽

Cubic Function

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play a vital role in ecosystems, especially in ecosystem variability, diversity, and function. Understanding the AMF diversity, distribution, and their driver at different altitudinal gradients is a benefit for understanding the ecological function of AMF in mountain ecosystems. In this study, we explored the AMF molecular diversity and their distribution from 660 to 3,500 m a.s.l. in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains based on high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 103 species of AMF are isolated from soil samples, which belong to 18 identified and 1 unidentified genus in 10 families. The fungi in the genus of Glomus is the most dominant, with the occurrence frequency of 100% and the relative abundance of 42.268% and 33.048% on the species and OTU level, respectively. The AMF colonization in root could be simulated by a cubic function with the change of altitudes with the peak and trough at a.s.l. 1,170 and 2,850 m, respectively. Further, AMF diversity indices including Sob, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness also showed the same cubic function change trends with increasing altitude at OTU and species levels. However, the average values of diversity indices at OTU level are always higher than these at the species level. Based on the OTU level, the highest and lowest values of Shannon and Pielou indices are observed at the altitudes of 1,400 and 2,800 m, respectively. The pattern of AMF community distribution in Mt. Taibai is driven by altitude with the characteristics of more abundance in the medium- to low-altitude than high-altitude areas. In general, abundant AMF molecular diversity and species exit in different elevations of Mt. Taibai, which indicate gradient changes with elevations.

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Global soil–climate–biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-16-2857-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 2857-2871 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xia Zhao ◽

Yuanhe Yang ◽

Haihua Shen ◽

Xiaoqing Geng ◽

Jingyun Fang

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Global Scale ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Global Soil ◽

Soc Density ◽

Surface Soil Properties ◽

Soil Climate

Abstract. Surface soils interact strongly with both climate and biota and provide fundamental ecosystem services that maintain food, climate and human security. However, the quantitative linkages between soil properties, climate and biota remain unclear at the global scale. By compiling a comprehensive global soil database, we mapped eight major soil properties (bulk density; clay, silt, and sand fractions; soil pH; soil organic carbon, SOC, density; soil total nitrogen, STN, density; and soil C:N mass ratios) in the surface soil layer (0–30 cm), based on machine learning algorithms, and demonstrated the quantitative linkages between surface soil properties, climate and biota at the global scale, which we call the global soil–climate–biome diagram. In the diagram, bulk density increased significantly with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower mean annual precipitation (MAP); soil clay fraction increased significantly with higher MAT and MAP; soil pH decreased with higher MAP and lower MAT and the “critical MAP”, which means the corresponding MAP at a soil pH of =7.0 (a shift from alkaline to acidic soil), decreased with lower MAT. SOC density and STN density were both jointly affected by MAT and MAP, showing an increase at lower MAT and a saturation towards higher MAP. Surface soil physical and chemical properties also showed remarkable variation across biomes. The soil–climate–biome diagram suggests shifts in soil properties under global climate and land cover change.

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Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Maize from Three Different Jhum Lands in Mizoram, India

Science & Technology Journal ◽

10.22232/stj.2018.06.02.06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Lalnun thari ◽

◽

John Zothanzama

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Rainfall Pattern

The study was conducted to assess the association of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in maize from three different jhum fallows. The jhum fallows are of three different years i.e., 1-3 years, 4-6 years and 7-10 years. Root samples were taken from maize to study colonization of AMF and spores were recovered from the rhizosphere region of the roots. It was observed that soil properties, rainfall pattern as well as human exploitation affect AMF colonization of roots.

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