scholarly journals Effects of Heavy Metals/Metalloids and Soil Properties on Microbial Communities in Farmland in the Vicinity of a Metals Smelter

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewu Hu ◽  
Jianlei Wang ◽  
Ying Lv ◽  
Xingyu Liu ◽  
Juan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling and are highly sensitive to environmental factors, including the physiochemical properties of the soils and the concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to study the microbial communities of farmland soils in farmland in the vicinity of a lead–zinc smelter. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were the predominant phyla in the sites of interest. Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Lysobacter, Flavisolibacter, and Chitinophaga were heavy metal-/metalloid-tolerant microbial groups with potential for bioremediation of the heavy metal/metalloid contaminated soils. However, the bacterial diversity was different for the different sites. The contents of heavy metal/metalloid species and the soil properties were studied to evaluate the effect on the soil bacterial communities. The Mantel test revealed that soil pH, total cadmium (T-Cd), and available arsenic played a vital role in determining the structure of the microbial communities. Further, we analyzed statistically the heavy metals/metalloids and the soil properties, and the results revealed that the microbial richness and diversity were regulated mainly by the soil properties, which correlated positively with organic matter and available nitrogen, while available phosphorus and available potassium were negatively correlated. The functional annotation of the prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) method was used to predict the function of the microbial communities. Chemoheterotrophy and airborne chemoheterotrophy of the main microbial community functions were inhibited by soil pH and the heavy metals/metalloids, except in the case of available lead. Mantel tests revealed that T-Cd and available zinc were the dominant factors affecting the functions of the microbial communities. Overall, the research indicated that in contaminated soils, the presence of multiple heavy metals/metalloids, and the soil properties synergistically shaped the structure and function of the microbial communities.

scholarly journals Identification of Microbial Profiles in Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from Full-Length 16S rRNA Reads Sequenced by a PacBio System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moonsuk Hur ◽  
Soo-Je Park
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition

Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem as it adversely affects crop production and human activity. In addition, the microbial community structure and composition are altered in heavy-metal-contaminated soils. In this study, using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by a PacBio RS II system, we determined the microbial diversity and community structure in heavy-metal-contaminated soil. Furthermore, we investigated the microbial distribution, inferred their putative functional traits, and analyzed the environmental effects on the microbial compositions. The soil samples selected in this study were heavily and continuously contaminated with various heavy metals due to closed mines. We found that certain microorganisms (e.g., sulfur or iron oxidizers) play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle. Using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis, we predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional categories from abundances of microbial communities and revealed a high proportion belonging to transport, energy metabolism, and xenobiotic degradation in the studied sites. In addition, through full-length analysis, Conexibacter-like sequences, commonly identified by environmental metagenomics among the rare biosphere, were detected. In addition to microbial composition, we confirmed that environmental factors, including heavy metals, affect the microbial communities. Unexpectedly, among these environmental parameters, electrical conductivity (EC) might have more importance than other factors in a community description analysis.

scholarly journals Synergistic and concentration-dependent toxicity of multiple heavy metals compared with single heavy metals in Conocarpus lancifolius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Redha ◽  
Redha Al-Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Plant Toxicity ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals ◽  
Translocation Factors

AbstractWhile heavy metals (HMs) naturally occur in soil, anthropogenic activities can increase the level of these toxic elements. Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. (Combretaceae) was investigated as a potential phytoremediator of soils contaminated with HM containing crude oil. This study assessed the potential of C. lancifolius (CL), a locally available plant species in Kuwait, for resolving local issues of the HM-contaminated soils. The absorption, accumulation, and distribution of three toxic HMs (Cd, Ni, and Pb) and essential metals (Fe, Mg, and metalloid Se) were examined, and their role in plant toxicity and tolerance was evaluated. Conocarpus lancifolius plants were exposed to two different concentrations of single and mixed HMs for 30 days. The accumulation of HMs was determined in the roots, leaves, stems, and the soil using ICP/MS. Biomass, soil pH, proline and protein content, and bioaccumulation, extraction, and translocation factors were measured. The bioaccumulation, extraction, and transcription factors were all >1, indicating CC is a hyperaccumulator of HM. The HM accumulation in CL was concentration-dependent and depended on whether the plants were exposed to individual or mixed HMs. The C.C leaves, stems, and roots showed a significant accumulation of antioxidant constituents, such as proline, protein, Fe, Mg, and Se. There was an insignificant increase in the soil pH, and a decrease in plant biomass and a significant increase in protein, and osmoprotective-proline as a result of the interaction of mixed heavy metals that are more toxic than single heavy metals. This study indicates that C. lancifolius is a good candidate for phytoremediation of multiple HM-contaminated soils. Further studies to establish the phyto-physiological effect of multiple heavy metals are warranted.

scholarly journals Effects of Living Cover on the Soil Microbial Communities and Ecosystem Functions of Hazelnut Orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxu Ma ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Sihao Hou ◽  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Lisong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Management Measure

Living cover is an important management measure for orchards in China, and has certain influences on soil properties, microorganisms, and the micro-ecological environment. However, there are few studies on the effects of living cover on the soil changes in hazelnut orchards. In this study, we compared the soils of living cover treatments with Vulpia myuros and the soils of no cover treatments, and analyzed the observed changes in soil properties, microorganisms, and microbial functions by using high-throughput ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. The results demonstrated that the total organic carbon content in the 20–40 cm deep soils under the living cover treatments increased by 32.87 and 14.82% in May and July, respectively, compared with those under the no cover treatments. The living cover treatment with V. myuros also significantly increased the contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) in the soil samples. Moreover, the influence of seasons was not as significant as that of soil depth. The living cover treatment also significantly improved the soil enzyme activity levels. The results demonstrated that Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples, while Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, but the different treatments impacted the compositions of fungal and bacterial communities. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that living cover with V. myuros significantly changed the soil fungal community structures whereas the bacterial community structures may be more sensitive to seasonal changes. At the microbial functional level, the living cover treatment increased the fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of symbiotrophs and decreased that of pathotrophs. According to this study, we believe that the application of a living cover with V. myuros has a favorable regulating influence on soil properties, microbial communities and microbial function. This treatment can also reduce the use of herbicides, reduce the cost of orchard management, and store more carbon underground to achieve sustainable intensification of production in hazelnut orchards, so it can be considered as a management measure for hazelnut orchards.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

Heavy metal and essential elements in beers from turkey market: A risk assessment study

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712199321
Author(s):  
M Charehsaz ◽  
S Helvacıoğlu ◽  
S Çetinkaya ◽  
R Demir ◽  
O Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

In this study, the level of arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and also essential elements in beer samples consumed in Turkey were investigated using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The heavy metal-induced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were calculated. For essential elements, the calculated estimated daily intake of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) from beer consumption were compared with their toxicity reference values. Tukey post-hoc test showed that As was found at a significantly higher level when compared to Pb. Also, a significant correlation was found between As level and alcohol by volume percent. All samples had a hazard quotient and hazard index <1, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to single or multiple heavy metals. Some samples exceeded the threshold limit of acceptable cancer risk for As in the high beer consumer group. This assessment showed that in addition to health implications based on the alcohol content of beer, there might be a carcinogenic risk associated with the heavy metals content of these beverages.

scholarly journals Improvement of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Soil Properties by Growing Different Green Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashim Kumar Saha ◽  
Apu Biswas ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Long-term tea cultivation has led to degradation of the soil. Old tea soils require rehabilitation for restoring soil health. Soil rehabilitation by growing different green crops can break the chain of monoculture of tea. An experiment was conducted at The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Farm during 2008-2011 to find out the efficiency of different green crops on the improvement of soil properties. Four green crops such as Guatemala, Citronella, Mimosa and Calopogonium were grown to develop the nutritional value of the degraded tea soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and at the end of experiment. Soil pH was increased in all four green crops treated plots with the highest increase in Citronella treated plots (from 4.1 to 4.5). Highest content of organic carbon (1.19%) and total nitrogen (0.119%) were found in Mimosa and Calopogonium treated plots, respectively. Concentration of available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in all green crops treated plots were above the critical values, while available potassium content was above the critical value in Guatemala, Citronella and Mimosa treated plots. Changes in soil pH and available potassium were significant, while changes in organic carbon content, total nitrogen and available calcium were insignificant. Changes in available phosphorus and magnesium were significant. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 34-38

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Castor Cultivars for Heavy Metals from Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. KHAN ◽  
N. AHMED ◽  
W. HASSAN ◽  
T. SABA ◽  
S. KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation is a useful tool to restore heavy metals contaminated soils. This study was carried out to test two castor (Ricinus communis) cultivars [Local and DS-30] for phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil spiked by known concentrations of seven metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). A pot experiment was laid out by using a completely randomized design. Soil and plant samples were analyzed at 100 days after planting. The data on heavy metal uptake by plant tissues (roots, leaves and shoots) of the two castor cultivars suggested that a considerable amount of metals (Fe = 27.18 mg L-1; Cu = 5.06 mg L-1; Cr = 2.95 mg L-1; Mn = 0.22 mg L-1; Ni = 4.66 mg L-1; Pb = 3.33 mg L-1; Zn = 15.04 mg L-1) was accumulated in the plant biomass. The soil heavy metal content at the end of experiment significantly decreased with both cultivars, resulting in improved soil quality. Therefore, it is concluded that both castor cultivars, Local and DS-30, can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.

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