Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Traditional Agriculture and the Mid-Term Impact of Intensification in Face of Local Climatic Changes

In the Mediterranean basin, edaphic salinization, sodification and alkalinization related to anthropic pressures and climatic changes may hinder the ecosystem sustainability. It is pertinent to study the mid and long-term variability of these soil characteristics in face off the macro agricultural system in use (i.e., irrigation or rain-fed). Four irrigated soils from the Caia Irrigation Perimeter (Portugal), Fluvisols, Luvisols, Calcisols and Cambisols were analysed in the mid-term, from 2002 to 2012, for its available Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ content. Overall, Ca2+, K+ and Na+ significantly increased during the period of this study by 25%, 8% and 7%, respectively. Soil organic matter (SOM) and pH for the irrigated soils in the area were already assessed in previous studies with the overall SOM remaining constant (p ≥ 0.05) and pH increasing (p < 0.01) by 5%. We provide the predictive maps for Na+ and the CROSS predictive & HotSpot evolution map from 2002 to 2012. Rain-fed soils were analysed in the long-term, from 1965 to 2012, for their SOM, pH and non-acid cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) content. While SOM, pH and the exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ significantly increased (p < 0.01) by 23%, 8%, 60%, 21% and 193%, respectively, exchangeable Na+ significantly decreased (p < 0.01) by 50%. These results may be related to the local climate changes as, according to the Thornthwaite classification, it went from sub-humid with great water excess (C1B2s2b4) in the climate normal 1951/1980 to sub-humid with moderate water excess (C1B2sb4) in 1981/2010 to semi-arid with little to none water excess (DB2db4) in 1991/2020. The irrigated areas in this Mediterranean region are slowly departing from sustainable goals of soil conservation and better edaphic management and conservation practices, that address the registered climatic changes in the area, could be adopted.

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Big Benefits from Experimental Watersheds

Eos ◽

10.1029/2021eo154161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

Author(s):

Terri Cook

Keyword(s):

Land Management ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Global Land ◽

Study Sites ◽

Management And Conservation ◽

Experimental Watersheds

Scientific insights from the Agricultural Research Service’s long-term study sites underpin dozens of models and research methods that guide global land management and conservation practices.

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Postglacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Long Term Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.3047 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 276-279

Author(s):

Cathy Whitlock ◽

Sarah Millspaugh

Keyword(s):

Environmental Change ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Fire Frequency ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Term Effect ◽

Environmental Perturbations ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Primary Agent ◽

Pollen Records

The paleoecologic record provides unique insights into the response of coinmunities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone region is revealed in a network of pollen records. Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes so too does the importance of fire in shaping and maintaining spatia\l patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's northern range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to an absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al. 1991; Engstrom et al. 1991). In longer records spanning the last 14,000 year8, periods of frequent fires are suggested â¢ by sediments containing high percentages of fire-adapted trees and high amounts of charcoal (Bamosky et al. 1987).

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Ichthyofauna from three streams of the lower Iguatemi River in the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/14.2.363 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 363-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valéria Flávia Batista-Silva ◽

Augusto Frota ◽

Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui ◽

Milza Celi Fedatto Abelha ◽

Dayani Bailly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The ichthyofauna from 3 streams (Água Boa, Perobão, and Santa Maria) to the lower Iguatemi River were inventoried, which is located in the upper Paraná river basin, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. Sites in the upper, intermediate, and lower portions of each stream were quarterly electrofished from March to December 2008. All sampled fish (n = 6,816 individuals) represented 43 species of 5 orders, and 16 families. The most abundant species was Phalloceros harpagos (63.5%), followed by Astyanax aff. paranae (10.6%), Hypostomus ancistroides (5.9%), Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (3.4%), and Knodus moenkhausii (2.7%). Despite the high ichthyofauna richness in the lower portion of Iguatemi River, the need to implement and/or expand soil conservation practices and riparian forest restoration is of utmost importance to maintain these populations in the long term.

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Post Glacial Fire Frequency and its Relation to Longterm Vegetational and Climatic Changes in Yellowstone Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2939 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 187-190

Author(s):

Cathy Whitlock

Keyword(s):

Pinus Contorta ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Fire Frequency ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Term Effect ◽

Regional Network ◽

Environmental Perturbations ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Primary Agent

The paleoecologic record provides unique insights into the response of communities to environmental perturbations of different duration and intensity. Climate is a primary agent of environmental change and its long-term effect on the vegetation of the Yellowstone/Grand Teton region is revealed in a regional network of pollen records. Fire frequency is controlled by climate, and as climate changes, so too does the importance of fire in shaping and maintaining spatial patterns of vegetation. The prehistoric record of Yellowstone's Northern Range, for example, shows the response of vegetation to the absence of major fires in the last 150 years (Whitlock et al. 1991; Engstrom et al. in press). In longer records spanning the last 13,000 years, periods of frequent fires are suggested by sediments containing high percentages of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and high amounts of charcoal (Barnosky et al. 1987; Whitlock in prep.).

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Using FORDRY model to forecast transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Carpathians)

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2021-0019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 183-194

Author(s):

Ihor Kozak ◽

Taras Parpan ◽

Yuriy Shparyk ◽

Myroslava Mylenka ◽

Iryna Kozak-Balaniuk

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Species Composition ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Cross Correlations ◽

Regional Landscape ◽

Management And Conservation

Abstract The aim of this study was to simulate transformation of species composition, biomass and number of treesin spruce stands depending on a possible combination of cutting and planting scenarios as well as climate changes. The FORDRY computer model was used to predict the dynamics of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Potential changes in species composition, biomass and number of trees were forecasted for the next 50 years. Four scenarios, first – warm-dry, second – cutting dead spruce trees, third – cutting all trees andfourth – planting, were compared to the control one. The analysis revealed a rapid decrease of stand biomass in the first decade as a result of spruce decline. The model predicts an increase in beech biomass before the 50th year of simulation in all scenarios. In the planting scenario, the biomass of beech increased up to 199.9 ± 6.9 t·ha-1 in the 50th year. Correlation analysis showed weak autocorrelations of spruce and negative cross-correlations of spruce with the total stand in control and other scenarios. The output of performed simulations is supported with field and literature data. Results of this study can be applied in the long-term planning of the management and conservation activities in this region. The application of FORDRY model was found useful for analysing the potential scenarios of spruce stand transformation in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park.

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Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Stack

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Contagion Effects ◽

Long Term Impact

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.

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