scholarly journals Using FORDRY model to forecast transformation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Carpathians)

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Ihor Kozak ◽  
Taras Parpan ◽  
Yuriy Shparyk ◽  
Myroslava Mylenka ◽  
Iryna Kozak-Balaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract The aim of this study was to simulate transformation of species composition, biomass and number of treesin spruce stands depending on a possible combination of cutting and planting scenarios as well as climate changes. The FORDRY computer model was used to predict the dynamics of Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) stands in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Potential changes in species composition, biomass and number of trees were forecasted for the next 50 years. Four scenarios, first – warm-dry, second – cutting dead spruce trees, third – cutting all trees andfourth – planting, were compared to the control one. The analysis revealed a rapid decrease of stand biomass in the first decade as a result of spruce decline. The model predicts an increase in beech biomass before the 50th year of simulation in all scenarios. In the planting scenario, the biomass of beech increased up to 199.9 ± 6.9 t·ha-1 in the 50th year. Correlation analysis showed weak autocorrelations of spruce and negative cross-correlations of spruce with the total stand in control and other scenarios. The output of performed simulations is supported with field and literature data. Results of this study can be applied in the long-term planning of the management and conservation activities in this region. The application of FORDRY model was found useful for analysing the potential scenarios of spruce stand transformation in Nadsyansky Regional Landscape Park.

scholarly journals Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Iveta Desaine ◽  
Annija Kārkliņa ◽  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Anna Pastare ◽  
Andis Adamovičs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

Growth responses following nitrogen and N–P–K–Mg additions to previously N-fertilized Scots pine and Norway spruce stands on mineral soils in Sweden

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Jacobson ◽  
Folke Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Mineral Soils

To study growth responses to refertilization, 12 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 6 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands used in long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization experiments were refertilized with N, either alone or with various combinations and doses of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). Many of the experimental plots had previously been subjected to heavy N fertilization regimes over a period of 20–30 years. On average, for all the experiments, the latest N addition resulted in a significant growth increase, corresponding to 57% of the mean annual volume increment and comparable with the response to the initial fertilization. Differences in growth response between fertilization with N alone or in combination with P–K–Mg were in most cases insignificant for both tree species. Overall, the joint addition of P–K–Mg resulted in a nonsignificant additional growth increase of 0.2 m3·ha–1·year–1, corresponding to 6% of the N fertilization effect. Repeated additions of N alone had no effect on the P, K, and Mg concentrations in current-year needles. It was concluded that the repeated N fertilizations did not cause any serious nutrient deficiencies.

Wood density in Norway spruce: changes with thinning intensity and tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1767-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Jaakkola ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Pekka Saranpää
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Individual Trees

The effect of thinning intensity on growth and wood density in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was investigated in two long-term thinning experiments in southeastern Finland. The stands were approaching maturity, and their development had already been studied for 30 years. The intensities of thinning were low, normal, and high (i.e., the stand basal area after the thinning was, on average, 40, 27, and 24 m2·ha–1, respectively, in Heinola, and 30, 28, and 17 m2·ha–1 in Punkaharju, respectively). Compared with the low thinning intensity, the normal and high thinning intensities increased the basal-area increment of individual trees by 52% and 68%, respectively. Normal and high thinning intensities resulted in a relatively small reduction (1%–4%) of mean ring density compared with low thinning intensity. The random variation in wood density between and within trees was large. About 27% of the total variation in wood density was related to variation between rings. Our results indicate that the prevailing thinning intensities in Norway spruce stands in Fennoscandia cause no marked changes in wood density. At least, the possible reduction in wood density is low compared with the increase in individual tree growth.

Long-term responses of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands in Sweden to repeated fertilization and thinning

2014 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Bergh ◽  
Urban Nilsson ◽  
H.Lee Allen ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Nils Fahlvik
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Spruce Stands

scholarly journals Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Traditional Agriculture and the Mid-Term Impact of Intensification in Face of Local Climatic Changes

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Telo da Gama ◽  
Luis Loures ◽  
António Lopez-Piñeiro ◽  
Derick Quintino ◽  
Paulo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Irrigated Soils

In the Mediterranean basin, edaphic salinization, sodification and alkalinization related to anthropic pressures and climatic changes may hinder the ecosystem sustainability. It is pertinent to study the mid and long-term variability of these soil characteristics in face off the macro agricultural system in use (i.e., irrigation or rain-fed). Four irrigated soils from the Caia Irrigation Perimeter (Portugal), Fluvisols, Luvisols, Calcisols and Cambisols were analysed in the mid-term, from 2002 to 2012, for its available Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ content. Overall, Ca2+, K+ and Na+ significantly increased during the period of this study by 25%, 8% and 7%, respectively. Soil organic matter (SOM) and pH for the irrigated soils in the area were already assessed in previous studies with the overall SOM remaining constant (p ≥ 0.05) and pH increasing (p < 0.01) by 5%. We provide the predictive maps for Na+ and the CROSS predictive & HotSpot evolution map from 2002 to 2012. Rain-fed soils were analysed in the long-term, from 1965 to 2012, for their SOM, pH and non-acid cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) content. While SOM, pH and the exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ significantly increased (p < 0.01) by 23%, 8%, 60%, 21% and 193%, respectively, exchangeable Na+ significantly decreased (p < 0.01) by 50%. These results may be related to the local climate changes as, according to the Thornthwaite classification, it went from sub-humid with great water excess (C1B2s2b4) in the climate normal 1951/1980 to sub-humid with moderate water excess (C1B2sb4) in 1981/2010 to semi-arid with little to none water excess (DB2db4) in 1991/2020. The irrigated areas in this Mediterranean region are slowly departing from sustainable goals of soil conservation and better edaphic management and conservation practices, that address the registered climatic changes in the area, could be adopted.

scholarly journals Norway spruce thinning experiment Polom (Eastern Bohemia) after 22 years of observation

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. Slodičák ◽  
J. Novák
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Effects of thinning were studied in an air-polluted young stand of Norway spruce on Polom series in the Orlick&eacute; hory Mts. (North-Eastern part of the Czech Republic) founded in 1980 in 15 years old spruce stand established by planting with density of 3,500&ndash;4,000 trees per hectare in 1965. The stand lies at an elevation of 800&nbsp;m in the 6<sup>th</sup> beech with spruce forest vegetation zone. The expected survival of the experimental stand at the beginning of experiments was 40 years (air pollution danger zone B). The thinning experiment is based on a classical comparative method, i.e. on comparing the stands with different thinning regimes (regime with no thinning and regimes with heavy and very heavy first thinning with negative selection from below). Results of the long-term experiment confirmed the positive effect of investigated thinning programme on growth, health condition and resistance to snow-breaks of air-polluted Norway spruce stands in initial phases of disintegration.

scholarly journals The health and nutritional status of Norway spruce stands in the Krušné hory Mts. 15 years subsequent to the extreme winter of 1995/96

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lomský ◽  
V. Šrámek ◽  
R. Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Ridge Area ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Negative Effect

Since 1994, the nutritional status and the air pollution load have been evaluated on 20 research plots, located in young Norway spruce stands in the ridge area of the Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts. The most recent acute damage to the spruce stands, in the winter of 1995/96, was connected with a long-lasting inversion situation in the eastern area of the Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts. Today, the health status of the spruce stands, expressed in terms of the crown defoliation, has recovered and is comparable to that found in other regions of the Czech Republic. The sulphur and fluorine content of the needles has decreased significantly. The long-term negative effect of acid deposition that contributes to the degradation of forest soils remains an important part of stressors acting on forest ecosystems in the region. In recent years, nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the needles have increased slightly again. A long-term tendency towards a decrease in the phosphorus, calcium and potassium content of the needles was detected.&nbsp; &nbsp;

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