Main Root Adaptations in Pepper Germplasm (Capsicum spp.) to Phosphorus Low-Input Conditions

Agriculture will face many challenges regarding food security and sustainability. Improving phosphorus use efficiency is of paramount importance to face the needs of a growing population while decreasing the toll on the environment. Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is widely cultivated around the world; hence, any breakthrough in this field would have a major impact in agricultural systems. Herein, the response to phosphorus low-input conditions is reported for 25 pepper accessions regarding phosphorus use efficiency, biomass and root traits. Results suggest a differential response from different plant organs to phosphorus starvation. Roots presented the lowest phosphorus levels, possibly due to mobilizations towards above-ground organs. Accessions showed a wide range of variability regarding efficiency parameters, offering the possibility of selecting materials for different inputs. Accessions bol_144 and fra_DLL showed an interesting phosphorus efficiency ratio under low-input conditions, whereas mex_scm and sp_piq showed high phosphorus uptake efficiency and mex_pas and sp_bola the highest values for phosphorus use efficiency. Phosphorus low-input conditions favored root instead of aerial growth, enabling increases of root total length, proportion of root length dedicated to fine roots and root specific length while decreasing roots’ average diameter. Positive correlation was found between fine roots and phosphorus efficiency parameters, reinforcing the importance of this adaptation to biomass yield under low-input conditions. This work provides relevant first insights into pepper’s response to phosphorus low-input conditions.

Download Full-text

Deciphering the change in root system architectural traits under limiting and non-limiting phosphorus in Indian bread wheat germplasm

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0255840

Author(s):

Palaparthi Dharmateja ◽

Manjeet Kumar ◽

Rakesh Pandey ◽

Pranab Kumar Mandal ◽

Prashanth Babu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Root Length ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Root Traits ◽

System Architectures ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Wide Range ◽

Use Efficiency

The root system architectures (RSAs) largely decide the phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of plants by influencing the phosphorus uptake. Very limited information is available on wheat’s RSAs and their deciding factors affecting phosphorus uptake efficiency (PupE) due to difficulties in adopting scoring values used for evaluating root traits. Based on our earlier research experience on nitrogen uptake efficiency screening under, hydroponics and soil-filled pot conditions, a comprehensive study on 182 Indian bread wheat genotypes was carried out under hydroponics with limited P (LP) and non-limiting P (NLP) conditions. The findings revealed a significant genetic variation, root traits correlation, and moderate to high heritability for RSAs traits namely primary root length (PRL), total root length (TRL), total root surface area (TSA), root average diameter (RAD), total root volume (TRV), total root tips (TRT) and total root forks (TRF). In LP, the expressions of TRL, TRV, TSA, TRT and TRF were enhanced while PRL and RAD were diminished. An almost similar pattern of correlations among the RSAs was also observed in both conditions except for RAD. RAD exhibited significant negative correlations with PRL, TRL, TSA, TRT and TRF under LP (r = -0.45, r = -0.35, r = -0.16, r = -0.30, and r = -0.28 respectively). The subclass of TRL, TSA, TRV and TRT representing the 0–0.5 mm diameter had a higher root distribution percentage in LP than NLP. Comparatively wide range of H’ value i.e. 0.43 to 0.97 in LP than NLP indicates that expression pattern of these traits are highly influenced by the level of P. In which, RAD (0.43) expression was reduced in LP, and expressions of TRF (0.91) and TSA (0.97) were significantly enhanced. The principal component analysis for grouping of traits and genotypes over LP and NLP revealed a high PC1 score indicating the presence of non-crossover interactions. Based on the comprehensive P response index value (CPRI value), the top five highly P efficient wheat genotypes namely BW 181, BW 103, BW 104, BW 143 and BW 66, were identified. Considering the future need for developing resource-efficient wheat varieties, these genotypes would serve as valuable genetic sources for improving P efficiency in wheat cultivars. This set of genotypes would also help in understanding the genetic architecture of a complex trait like P use efficiency.

Download Full-text

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Growth, Phosphorus Uptake, Seed Yield, Yield Components, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Oilseed Flax

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2015.0537 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 1257-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yaping Xie ◽

Xiaoxia Niu ◽

Junyi Niu

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Use Efficiency

Download Full-text

Genetic variation for root architectural traits in response to phosphorus deficiency in mungbean at the seedling stage

10.1101/719773 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽

M. Aski ◽

G.P. Mishra ◽

H.K. Dikshit ◽

Akanksha Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Root Traits ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Phosphorus Efficiency ◽

Root Tips ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Architectural Traits

AbstractRoots enable the plant to survive in natural environment by providing anchorage and acquisition of water and nutrients. In this study, 153 mungbean genotypes were studied to compare root architectural traits under normal and low phosphorus conditions. Significant variations, medium to high heritability, near normal distribution and significant correlations were observed for studied root traits. Total root length (TRL) was positively correlated with total surface area (TSA), total root volume (TRV), total root tips (TRT) and root forks. The first two principal components explained the 79.19 % and 78.84% of the total variation under normal and low phosphorus conditions. TRL, TSA and TRV were major contributors of variation and can be utilized for screening of phosphorus uptake efficiency at seedling stage. Released Indian mungbean varieties were found to be superior for root traits than other genotypic groups. Based on comprehensive phosphorus efficiency measurement, IPM-288, TM 96-25, TM 96-2, M 1477, PUSA 1342 were found to be best five highly efficient genotypes whereas M 1131, PS-16, Pusa Vishal, M 831, IC 325828 were highly inefficient genotypes. These identified highly efficient lines are valuable genetic resources for phosphorus uptake efficiency that could be used in mungbean breeding programme.

Download Full-text

Genotypic differences in wheat for uptake and utilisation of P from iron phosphate

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar01101 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 837 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

L. D. Osborne ◽

Z. Rengel

Keyword(s):

Genotypic Variation ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Phosphorus Efficiency ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Weight ◽

P Supply

Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the genotypic variation amongst cereal genotypes in phosphorus uptake from relatively insoluble iron phosphate. Optimum rates of iron phosphate were established by growing 3 wheat and 1 triticale genotype on an infertile sand amended with iron phosphate. Shoot dry weight of all genotypes showed a classic Mitcherlich response with 95% maximum growth achieved with 174�mg P/kg soil. Two rates of FePO4 were selected representing a deficient and sufficient supply (26 and 339 mg P/kg soil, respectively). These rates were used to screen 99 wheat, 8 triticale, and 4 cereal rye genotypes for phosphorus-use efficiency. Phosphorus efficiency was rated by 4 criteria: shoot dry weight at deficient P supply, shoot weight at deficient supply relative to shoot weight at sufficient P supply, P uptake efficiency (amount of P taken up per unit of P supplied), and P utilisation efficiency (shoot weight per unit P in plant). No genotypes were rated as efficient under all 4 criteria. Only 2 genotypes were rated efficient (rye Bevy, rye PC00361) and one inefficient (Machete) under 3 criteria. Seven genotypes were rated as efficient on 2 indices (wheat Chinese 80-55, Westonia, and Wawht 2147; triticale Treat, AT48-94, and TX93-78-1; rye Bulgarian Pento), whereas 7 genotypes were rated as inefficient on 2 indices (Boricuta, Cadoux, Cunderdin, Insignia, Kalingri, Perenjori, and triticale Abacus). Significant genotypic variation was identified in cereals in the ability to take up and utilise P from poorly soluble Fe-P, although all genotypes were able to utilise this source of phosphorus to some degree.

Download Full-text

Genetic Variation in Root Architectural Traits in Lactuca and Their Roles in Increasing Phosphorus-Use-Efficiency in Response to Low Phosphorus Availability

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.658321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Amira Beroueg ◽

François Lecompte ◽

Alain Mollier ◽

Loïc Pagès

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Root Traits ◽

Relative Increase ◽

P Availability ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Architectural Traits

Low phosphorus (P) bioavailability in the soil and concerns over global P reserves have emphasized the need to cultivate plants that acquire and use P efficiently. Root architecture adaptation to low P can be variable depending on species or even genotypes. To assess the genetic variability of root architectural traits and their responses to low P in the Lactuca genus, we examined fourteen genotypes including wild species, ancient and commercial lettuce cultivars at low (LP, 0.1 mmol. L–1) and high P (HP, 1 mmol. L–1). Plants were grown in cylindrical pots adapted for the excavation and observation of root systems, with an inert substrate. We identified substantial genetic variation in all the investigated root traits, as well as an effect of P availability on these traits, except on the diameter of thinner roots. At low P, the main responses were a decrease in taproot diameter, an increase in taproot dominance over its laterals and an increase in the inter-branch distance. Although the genotype x P treatment effect was limited to root depth, we identified a tradeoff between the capacity to maintain a thick taproot at low P and the dominance of the taproot over its laterals. Regardless of the P level, the phosphorus-use-efficiency (PUE) varied among lettuce genotypes and was significantly correlated with total root biomass regardless of the P level. As taproot depth and maximum apical diameter were the principal determinants of total root biomass, the relative increase in PUE at low P was observed in genotypes that showed the thickest apical diameters and/or those whose maximal apical diameter was not severely decreased at low P availability. This pre-eminence of the taproot in the adaptation of Lactuca genotypes to low P contrasts with other species which rely more on lateral roots to adapt to P stress.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of the Classification for the Phosphorus Use Efficiency Traits at the Seedling Stage in Lentil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117870/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muraleedhar S Aski ◽

Neha Rai ◽

Venkat Praksh Reddy ◽

Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽

Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽

P Efficiency ◽

Root Characteristics ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Wild Lentil ◽

Food And Nutritional Security ◽

The Cost

Abstract Background: Understanding the morphology of the root system in lentils is critical for the identification of root characteristics for breeding cultivars with enhanced phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) to better adapt to poor P environments. PUE and variability in root morphological characteristics at the early vegetative stage were investigated among 40 indigenous and exotic lentil genotypes in a hydroponic phenotyping system.Results: A prerequisite for developing P-efficient crop cultivars is to categorise existing germplasm. In this experiment, 40 lentil genotypes were grown for 24 days under P deficit (3 μm KH2PO4) and P adequate (250 μm KH2PO4) conditions in hydroponics. Lentil genotypes exhibited significant variability for root, biomass, and P efficiency traits. Different techniques have identified various genotypes of lentils based on the efficiency of phosphorus uptake (PUPE) and the efficiency of phosphorus utilization (PUTE). IG 568229 showed the highest PUPE, while the wild ILWL-15 lentil showed the lowest PUPE in both media. The wild lentil ILWL-95 showed maximum PUTE under P adequate medium. The IC 560135, IG 334, IG 560157 and IG 568229 genotypes were found to be highly efficient at both P levels and to be ideal for a large range of P levels without having a drastic impact on biomass output.Conclusions: The primary step for breeding more P-efficient crop plants is the classification of the germplasm. IC 560135 and IC 268238 contrasting lentil lines may be useful for mapping population development, mapping and tagging of gene(s), QTLs for PUE in lentil. These efficient P crops also ensure food and nutritional security, in addition to reducing the cost of cultivation.

Download Full-text