scholarly journals Compatibility between “Arbequina” and “Souri” Olive Cultivars May Increase Souri Fruit Set

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Iris Biton ◽  
Yair Many ◽  
Ali Mazen ◽  
Giora Ben-Ari
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
The North ◽  
Olive Variety ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Arbequina Cultivar

The “Souri” olive cultivar, which is autochthonous to the eastern Mediterranean region, has been the major olive variety cultivated traditionally under rain-fed conditions in northern Israel. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pollen donor for the olive cultivar Souri in order to maximize Souri fruit set. Artificial cross pollination of Souri flowers with several local varieties has identified the “Nabali” as the most efficient pollinizer of the Souri. However, further experiments using artificial cross pollination conducted with cultivars not common to this region have revealed the “Arbequina” as a more efficient pollinizer of the Souri cultivar than the Nabali. Based on a preliminary paternity analysis, the Nabali was identified as the dominant pollinizer of Souri trees in traditional olive orchards in the north of Israel. However, in a multi-variety orchard, molecular paternity analysis has shown Arbequina to be the most frequent pollinizer. We then tested, during two consecutive years, whether the presence of a pollen-producing Arbequina tree adjoining Souri trees in the field will increase their fruit set. We found that Souri fruit set was 8.36% when pollinized by an Arbequina tree in close proximity to them, significantly higher than the fruit set of 5.6% for Souri trees without the nearby Arbequina cultivar. On the basis of these trials, we expect that the yield of Souri orchards will improve if Arbequina trees are planted.

scholarly journals Reproductive Success after Self-pollination and Cross-pollination of Olive Cultivars in Croatia

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vuletin Selak ◽  
Slavko Perica ◽  
Smiljana Goreta Ban ◽  
Mira Radunic ◽  
Milan Poljak
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Simultaneous Flowering

Olive orchard productivity largely depends on the choice of planted cultivars and their pollination needs. Orchard designs in Croatia are changing because a number of valuable foreign olive cultivars, mostly Italian, have been introduced in this region in the last 30 years. The compatibility relationships of introduced cultivars with autochthonous cultivars are unknown. With the objective of studying reproductive behavior of the most important Croatian cultivars (Drobnica, Lastovka, Levantinka, and Oblica) and their cross-pollination to recently introduced Italian cultivars Leccino and Pendolino, initial and final fruit set in self-pollination versus cross-pollination and free pollination were compared during three flowering seasons. Experiments were conducted in three different orchards (Kastela, Mravince, and Brac) to identify the effect of the environment on reproductive behavior of olive cultivars. The differences of fruit set in five olive cultivars after tested pollination treatments appeared at the time of initial fruit set. Increased final fruit set under cross-pollinations was observed when compared with self-pollination for all olive cultivars in all experimental orchards. In the Mravince orchard, a positive response to cross-pollination was consistent, and fruit set increased under cross-pollination in all cultivars and years with the exception of ‘Levantinka’ in which no significant differences were noticed between self-pollination treatment and cross-pollination treatments in 2005. Variable self-fertility behavior from season to season was found for tested cultivars. A self-incompatibility index (ISI) higher than 0.1 was recorded for ‘Levantinka’ in all experimental years and, therefore, classified it as a partially self-incompatible cultivar. Self-incompatibility response was observed for ‘Lastovka’. The positive response to cross-pollination over self-pollination only in some experimental years classified ‘Drobnica’, ‘Leccino’, and ‘Oblica’ as partially self-incompatible. Results obtained from this study indicated that pollination efficiency is strictly combination-specific. The Italian cultivar, Leccino, was a successful pollen acceptor and pollenizer of most Croatian cultivars. Reciprocal high success in cross-pollination was recorded for ‘Levantinka’ and ‘Oblica’. In the Mravince orchard, ‘Lastovka’, ‘Leccino’, and ‘Oblica’ were efficient pollenizers of ‘Levantinka’ where the simultaneous flowering period was in accordance with their cross-compatibility. ‘Levantinka’ was a good pollenizer for ‘Lastovka’ in the Mravince orchard, and both cultivars entered into the flowering period earlier than other studied cultivars, which was not the case in the other two orchards. The variations in flowering timing among orchards were a consequence of differences in environmental conditions. According to the high fruit sets recorded in ‘Oblica’ after pollination with ‘Leccino’ or ‘Levantinka’, an increase in tree productivity of the acceptor cultivar is expected in the presence of selected pollenizers in all olive-growing regions.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ASEISMIC DEFORMATION ON NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT IN ISMETPASA AND DESTEK REGIONS USING GPS DATA, TURKEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
H. Yavasoglu ◽  
M.N. Alkan ◽  
K. Aladogan ◽  
I.M Ozulu ◽  
V. Ilci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Slip Mechanism ◽  
The North ◽  
First Results ◽  
Fault Deformation ◽  
Fault Mechanism

The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) is one of the most destructive fault in the eastern Mediterranean region. After Izmit and Düzce earthquakes, the projects on monitoring the fault motion increase using instrumental tools like GPS, InSAR, LIDAR, creepmeter, etc. The eastern and central part of the NAFZ from Karlıova to Vezirköprü has almost strike slip mechanism. The western part of the central NAFZ from Vezirköprü to Bolu has transpressive character. The aseismic fault deformation (creep) is also important phenomena for these two sections. The InSAR and LIDAR studies showed that the Ismetpasa and Destek regions have creep motions. For this purpose, the new project has been started to proof this phenomena with GPS data and to determine quantitatively the rate of convergence and its variation along segment of the NAF between Bolu and Çorum. The main aim of this study is determination of creep rate with geodetic measurements and combination of the data obtained from seismology, geodesy and geophysics to understand fault mechanism. Therefore, in this paper we discuss tectonic phenomena on the central part of the NAFZ and present the first results of the project.

scholarly journals Investigation of energy resources and gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean region: the case of people’s expectations and social impacts in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Hammad ◽  
Sonja Mlaker Kac ◽  
Sandra S. G. Haddad ◽  
Habiba S. El Rouby
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Random Sampling Approach

This study discusses the expected social impacts due to the recent offshore gas findings and development in the Eastern Mediterranean region on human communities in Alexandrian in the North of Egypt. A sample of 401 respondents of ordinary people who are living in the Alexandria governorate were sampled for the study using a convenience non-random sampling approach. The study showed most people are somewhat familiar with the ongoing gas discoveries in the Mediterranean Sea. The study also revealed that the people in Egypt have relatively high expectations from these gas discoveries. The ordinary people in Egypt expected that such discoveries of gas would have many positive and negative social impacts side by side. They expected several social benefits of gas finds such as: the contribution to the diversification of the economy, infrastructural development, expanding social services, improvement of the standard of living, business and investment opportunities, employment.

scholarly journals The eastern Mediterranean phosphorite giants: An interplay between tectonics and upwelling

GeoArabia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkader M. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Uranium Content ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
African Plate ◽  
Northwestern Saudi Arabia ◽  
The North ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Tethys Ocean

ABSTRACT About 20 billion tonnes of world-class, high-grade phosphorite resources occur in a small area of the eastern Mediterranean region, including Jordan, northern Negev (Palestine), northwestern Saudi Arabia, western Iraq, and southeastern Syria. Major deposits were formed during Campanian to Eocene times and contribute significantly to the economic development of these countries, particularly Jordan and Syria. The phosphorite deposits consist mainly of reworked granular material. The phosphate particles are peloids, such as pellets, intraclasts, nodules, coated grains and coprolites, and vertebrate fragments (bone and teeth). The phosphorite sequences are associated with extensive bedded chert, porcelanite, and organic-rich marls. The main phosphate mineral is francolite, a carbonate-rich variety of fluorapatite that has a relatively enhanced uranium content as a result of substitution for calcium in its crystal structure. Two factors are deemed responsible for the deposition of the phosphorites and their associated chert, porcelanite, and marl within this relatively restricted area. The first was a compressional event associated with the initial collision of the oceanic forefront of the Afro-Arabian Plate with the subduction trench of Eurasia that began in Turonian times and continued into the Eocene. This event resulted in gentle folding that produced the Syrian Arc, the Ha’il, Rutba, and Sirhan paleohighs and the Ga’ara Dome, which were loci for the deposition of phosphorites. The second factor was the obstruction and consequent upwelling of oceanic currents by these tectonic highs, enhanced by winds blowing from east to west along the southern platform margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The intense upwelling was associated with the Tethyan Circumglobal Current that flowed along the Afro-Arabian platform on the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. In contrast, relatively minor phosphorite deposition took place to the north in southern Europe. The upwelling spread cold, nutrient-rich oceanic water from the deep Neo-Tethys Ocean to the surface, thereby enhancing bioproductivity to produce organic-rich sediments. The subsequent authigenesis of phosphorites, their diagenesis and the reworking and winnowing of the phosphorite-rich sediments, concentrated the materials into economic deposits. Phosphorite deposition ended in the Late Eocene following the final collision of the Afro-Arabian Plate with Eurasia. The sub-aerial exposure of this formerly productive shallow-marine platform was the result of the separation of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate during the mid-Miocene.

scholarly journals Sea-surface temperatures and palaeoenvironments of dolichosaurs and early mosasaurs

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Jacobs ◽  
M.J. Polcyn ◽  
L.H. Taylor ◽  
K. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Snakes ◽  
Amblyrhynchus Cristatus ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Central Texas

AbstractThe north-central Texas Cretaceous section and its contained fossils, as compared to sections at ‘Ein Yabrud in the eastern Mediterranean region, demonstrate that dolichosaurs and primitive mosasaurs inhabited marine environments at least from the intertidal zone to <100 m in depth. The small body size of dolichosaurs and primitive mosasaurs, and the association of Haasiasaurus with marine snakes at ‘Ein Yabrud, suggest similar temperature requirements to modern sea snakes and marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), specifically sea-surface temperatures between approximately 20° and 30° С The Cenomanian and Turonian stages are characterised by widespread shallow seas with relatively high sea-surface temperatures extending to at least 45° N and 65° S latitude. The distribution of dolichosaurs, mosasaurs and snakes during this interval contradicts palaeoclimate models that predict high (>30° C) equatorial sea-surface temperatures and a steep latitudinal temperature gradient in the Northern Hemisphere.

scholarly journals Stochastic time-series models for drought assessment in the Gaza Strip (Palestine)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Najjar ◽  
Gokmen Ceribasi ◽  
Emrah Dogan ◽  
Mazen Abualtayef ◽  
Khalid Qahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
The North ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Stochastic Time Series

Abstract The Eastern Mediterranean region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is experiencing patterns of major drought due to the effects of rising temperatures and falling precipitation levels. The multiscale drought evaluation Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) reveals evolving and severe drought from North Africa and the Sinai desert toward the Middle East. While there has been a period without drought between 1970 and 1990, the severity and frequency of drought increased considerably after 1990. Current drought conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region of MENA are moderate to severe with a 60–100% likelihood of occurrence, according to time parameters. The Gaza Strip is especially vulnerable to the consequences of increasing drought because it is situated in the vicinity of the Sinai Desert; therefore, a downscaled study of drought in the region is essential to implement mitigation measures for the sustainable management and planning of coastal aquifer and agricultural activities in the Gaza Strip. Considerable availability of precipitation time series from various meteorological stations helped provide a local drought study for the Gaza Strip, in accordance with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The stochastic time-series model of (4,0,1) (5,1,1)12 shows a robust simulator for modeling and forecasting the future trend of precipitation at the nine meteorological stations. In terms of correlation accuracy, the model achieves a correlation (r) of approximately 93–97% in the calibration range and a correlation (r) of about 92–99% in the validation range. In terms of measuring the difference between the values, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the model results shows that the RMSE was between 7–21 in the calibration range and 11–21 in the validation range. The model reveals a slightly stable trend in precipitation patterns at the northern meteorological stations of Beit Hanon, Beit Lahia, Shati, and Remal. However, declining precipitation tendency was recorded at the southern meteorological stations of Mughraka, Nussirat, Beir Al-Balah, Khanyounis, and Rafah. The SPI-based drought assessment implies that the precipitation annual threshold levels at SPI = 0 drop territorially from 474 mm in the north to about 250 mm in the south of the Gaza Strip. In this study, a representative 12-month local scale SPI12 at an annual precipitation threshold level of 370 mm was formulated to address the drought conditions in the Gaza Strip. Standing on the outputs of the local SPI12 scale might signify that the region of the Gaza Strip risks drought status with an incidence likelihood varying from 8% in the north to 100% in the south. Regular drought is prevalent in the northern governorates, but the hazards of extreme and severe drought are high in the southern areas with an incidence risk of about 83%. Sequentially, southern governorates of Rafah and Khanyounis experience chronic annual drought, while the return period of drought is reported to be every 9–12 years in the northern governorates of the Gaza Strip. The rain-fed years of 1998 and 2010 reported the worst periods of drought, while the period of 2016 showed a good droughtless water balance. Overall, the no-drought status might define the prospective conditions in the governorates of North Gaza, Gaza, and central Gaza over the next 20 years, while Rafah and Khanyounis are anticipated to be under normal to severe drought conditions.

scholarly journals Flower characteristics and sexual compatibility of Italian olive cultivar Coratina under Syrian coast conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mhanna ◽  
F.W. Douay ◽  
M. Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Good Pollen ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Sexual Compatibility ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Syrian Coast

Abstract. The study was conducted for four years (2016 to 2019) in Olive germoplasm collection at Bouka, Latakia, Syria, to evaluate flower characteristics and sexual compatibility of olive cultivar Coratina under Syrian coast conditions. “Coratina” was characterized by low level of pistil abortion, average number of flowers per inflorescence and good pollen germinablity. ISI of “Coratina” showed that this cultivar was highly self- incompatible. A new threshold depends on flowering load and final fruit set were adapted to evaluate pollinizers. The two autochthonous olive cultivars “Khodeiri” and “Dermlali” were good pollinizers for “Coratina” but with some annual differences in pollination efficiency. Reverse pollination results confirmed that “Khoderi” is inter-compatible with „Coratina“ in both directions. It is suggested to plant “Coratina” in mixed orchards with “Khoderi” because they’re inter-compatible, having regular bearing habit and overlapping in flowering period.

Orientations of Broadband Stations of the KOERI Seismic Network (Turkey) from Two Independent Methods: P- and Rayleigh-Wave Polarization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Büyükakpınar ◽  
Mustafa Aktar ◽  
Gesa Maria Petersen ◽  
Ayşegül Köseoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Function ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Correct Orientation ◽  
Sensor Orientation

Abstract The correct orientation of seismic sensors is critical for studies such as full moment tensor inversion, receiver function analysis, and shear-wave splitting. Therefore, the orientation of horizontal components needs to be checked and verified systematically. This study relies on two different waveform-based approaches, to assess the sensor orientations of the broadband network of the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI). The network is an important backbone for seismological research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and provides a comprehensive seismic data set for the North Anatolian fault. In recent years, this region became a worldwide field laboratory for continental transform faults. A systematic survey of the sensor orientations of the entire network, as presented here, facilitates related seismic studies. We apply two independent orientation tests, based on the polarization of P waves and Rayleigh waves to 123 broadband seismic stations, covering a period of 15 yr (2004–2018). For 114 stations, we obtain stable results with both methods. Approximately, 80% of the results agree with each other within 10°. Both methods indicate that about 40% of the stations are misoriented by more than 10°. Among these, 20 stations are misoriented by more than 20°. We observe temporal changes of sensor orientation that coincide with maintenance work or instrument replacement. We provide time-dependent sensor misorientation correction values for the KOERI network in the supplemental material.

Supra-subduction zone ophiolites of Central Anatolia: geochemical evidence from the Sarikaraman Ophiolite, Aksaray, Turkey

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (402) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Yaliniz ◽  
P. A. Floyd ◽  
M. C. Göncüoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crystalline Complex ◽  
Geochemical Evidence ◽  
The North

AbstractThe Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC), situated between the northern and southern oceanic strands of Neotethys, contain a number of little-studied ophiolitic bodies of late Cretaceous age that have a bearing on the Mesozoic development of this region. The pillow lavas and sheeted dykes of the Sarikaraman Ophiolite were originally a comagmatic differentiated series of vesicular, aphyric and olivine-poor, plagioclase—clinopyroxene phyric tholeiites, but now exhibit greenschist facies assemblages. A set of late dolerite dykes cross-cutting the whole volcanic sequence are more chemically evolved and were probably derived from a different source. Relative to N-MORB the lavas and dykes are enriched in some LIL elements (K, Rb, Cs, U, Th and Sr) and depleted in HFS elements (Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, Ti and Y) and lightREE. In terms of immobile elements the ophiolitic basalts have the broad chemical characteristics of island are tholeiites that were formed in a supra-subduction zone setting, whereas the late dykes are more akin to N-MORB. In this respect the Sarikaraman Ophiolite is similar to other ophiolites found in the eastern Mediterranean region and emphasizes the preservation of this particular environment in the CACC. If all the Central Anatolian Ophiolites (of which the Sarikaraman Ophiolite is one example) were derived via southward thrusting from the Vardar-Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean branch to the north, age relationships suggest that this segment of ocean crust was relatively short-lived before obduction onto the CACC.

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