scholarly journals Fruit Yields Depend on Biomass and Nutrient Accumulations in New Shoots of Citrus Trees

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Zihan Fan ◽  
Huaye Xiong ◽  
Yayin Luo ◽  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Huanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Citrus Tree ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Citrus Trees

New shoots (including newly formed leaves and twigs) and fruits of citrus tree are key organs for present yield formation and flower differentiation in the next season, but the relationship between yield fluctuation and accumulations of major nutrients in new shoots and fruits of citrus tree is still unclear. Thus, to quantify the biomass and mineral nutrient accumulation in new shoots and fruits of citrus trees under varied yield levels has essential significance for rational fertilization and pruning management for citrus orchards. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and the distribution of biomass in new shoots and fruits of citrus trees under low, medium and high-yield levels in each of eight orchards located in Chongqing, China. The results showed that substantial variation of fruit yield was observed in all eight orchards with an average yield of 15.0 (low), 30.9 (medium) and 60.1 (high) kg/plant. The averaged biomass of new shoots ranged from 1.59 to 2.51 kg/plant, which was significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield. Nutrient accumulation in leaves was generally highest among new organs, while more than half of N (52.70–71.4%), P (66.5–80.4%) and K (68.9–85.9%) accumulated in fruit. Fruit yields closely correlated with total amounts of major nutrients in new shoots. Furthermore, the nutrient requirements per unit of newly developed shoots and fruits were gradually decreased with increased yield, but the removed nutrients per ton of fresh fruit were almost stable, indicating that more nutrients were distributed into fruit tissues. Taken together, these findings are valuable for optimizing nutrient and pruning management in citrus orchards in China and other similar countries.

Ten-Vertex Polyhedral Monocarbaborane Chemistry. The Novel High-Yield Formation of the Ten-Vertex closo Compound [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] from the Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11]

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane H. Jones ◽  
Bohumil Štíbr ◽  
John D. Kennedy ◽  
Mark Thornton-Pett
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Centre ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Boiling Toluene

Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11] in boiling toluene solution results in an elimination of the platinum centre and cluster closure to give the ten-vertex closo species [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] in 85% yield as a colourles air stable solid. The product is characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals (from hexane-dichloromethane) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 903.20(9), b = 1 481.86(11), c = 2 320.0(2) pm, β = 97.860(7)° and Z = 8, and the structure has been refined to R(Rw) = 0.045(0.051) for 3 281 observed reflections with Fo > 2.0σ(Fo). The clean high-yield elimination of a metal centre from a polyhedral metallaborane or metallaheteroborane species is very rare.

The effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nutritive value of oat-vetch mixtures

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
North East ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Very High

SummaryExperiments were conducted on the seed rates of the components of oat-vetch mixtures combined with varying rates of nitrogen fertilizer in a rainfed area of north-east Portugal in 1982–3 and 1984–5.Forage oats grown alone showed a very high yield response to N and rainfall ranging from 30 to 18·2 t D.M./ha, but had a very low crude protein concentration (37–54 g/kg D.M.) and a poor mineral nutrient composition.The increased use of vetch in the seed mixture had a buffering effect on dry-matter (D.M.) yield but this depended very much on crop N nutrition. For N-deficient conditions vetch inclusion increased the D.M. yield and had a strong positive effect on total forage crude protein (CP) and mineral composition. When crop N nutrition was good, very high D.M. yields (> 12 t D.M./ha) were possible using a high proportion of oats, with vetch making a reduced contribution to the yield and nutritive value of total forage.Seed rates suggested in the literature for Mediterranean conditions are adequate for low N inputs and low available soil N, but not for high D.M. yields which can only be obtained by using a higher proportion of oats and adequate N fertilizer.

scholarly journals Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover with pH adjustment on properties of pulp and hydrolysate

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6826-6839
Author(s):  
Junjun Kong ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Niu ◽  
Rina Wu ◽  
Gaosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
The Relationship

In view of environmental and economic issues, co-production technology with pulp as the major product is an important developmental direction in biorefinery. In this paper, high-yield pulp was prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment with controlled pH and subsequent mechanical refining using corn stover as raw material. By adding acetic acid or sodium hydroxide, the properties of the hydrolysate and the pulp were altered. Reducing the pH during hydrothermal pretreatment resulted in more cellulose and hemicellulose being released, while less lignin was released. Increased pH led to more lignin being released, while dissolution of carbohydrates did not change significantly. A maximum pulp yield at pH 5.84 of hydrolysate was obtained when 3.0% sodium hydroxide was used. The strength of pulp is highly related to the removal of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment. The relationship between pH value in hydrothermal pretreatment and the physical properties of the pulp was established and could be further used for prediction and as guidance for process control. Moreover, the results could be used to develop technologies for industrial utilization of agricultural straw to co-generate fiber and other bio-based products.

scholarly journals Influence of Fruit Load on the Growth and Fruit Yield in Citrus Trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru HIRANO ◽  
Setuo MORIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fruit Load ◽  
Citrus Trees

NORMS FOR MULTIVARIATE DIAGNOSIS OF NUTRIENT IMBALANCE IN ARABICA AND ROBUSTA COFFEE IN THE EAST AFRICAN HIGHLANDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. I. WAIREGI ◽  
P. J. A. VAN ASTEN
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
East African ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Using Data ◽  
East African Highlands ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYPoor soil fertility is a constraint to coffee production. Targeting fertiliser recommendations to nutrient deficiencies can contribute to improved crop response to fertiliser. This study aimed to derive and compare the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms for Arabica and Robusta, and to investigate nutrient interactions using data derived from 164 plots. The high-yield sub-populations of Arabica had significantly (p < 0.01) higher P (0.23 vs. 0.14) and K (2.87 vs. 2.04), and lower N (2.96 vs. 3.61), Ca (0.99 vs. 1.50) and Mg (0.40 vs. 0.23) than those of Robusta. With respect to the CND norms, Arabica had significantly (p < 0.001) higher P and K, and lower N, Ca and Mg means of row-centered log ratios than Robusta. The relationship between the CND and DRIS indices had coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.75–0.99 for both coffee types. The relationship between nutrient imbalance indices for CND and DRIS had R2 of 0.95 (Arabica) and 0.76 (Robusta). Both coffee types had negative N–Ca, P–Mg and K–Mg interactions. Arabica had positive N–Mg and K–Ca interactions and Robusta had positive N–K, P–K and Ca–Mg interactions and negative N–P, N–Mg, P–Ca and K–Ca interactions. The study concludes, there is a need for cultivar-specific norms, but such norms developed under one set of conditions may not be applicable under different conditions. The study also concludes that both CND and DRIS can be used to determine nutrient imbalances, and fertiliser requirements could be cultivar-specific.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of selected genotypes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in critical periods for yield formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pokorný ◽  
J. Pulkrábek ◽  
P. Štranc ◽  
D. Bečka
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Yield Formation

This paper evaluates the influence of genotype on the photosynthetic activity of hops in the period critical for generating yield. Results over three years from measuring the photosynthesis rate statistically show an increase in the photosynthetic activity of hop plants in the flowering stage. The average photosynthetic rates from measurements on the second date (BBA 65) in the years 2007, 2008, and 2009 increased by 17.9%, 45.6%, and 49.2%, respectively. Different photosynthesis curve trends during the final stage of ontogenesis of the plants indicate the maturity level of each hop genotype. As regards the genotypes for which photosynthesis did not reduce significantly, it may be assumed that such plants had not reached technical maturity. The results from the three-year study also show that any promising genotype, with respect to the photosynthesis rate and yield, is the result of breeding of new varieties with greater resistance to drought and high temperatures. Very good results in photosynthetic activity were reached by the new varieties exhibiting high yield and a similar chemical composition to Saaz hop and those sharing the same origins to Saaz, showing a higher content of bitter substances. In 2008 and 2009, all three new forms reached yield levels of 2.35 to 3.12 t/ha of dry hops.

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