scholarly journals Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover with pH adjustment on properties of pulp and hydrolysate

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6826-6839
Author(s):  
Junjun Kong ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Niu ◽  
Rina Wu ◽  
Gaosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
The Relationship

In view of environmental and economic issues, co-production technology with pulp as the major product is an important developmental direction in biorefinery. In this paper, high-yield pulp was prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment with controlled pH and subsequent mechanical refining using corn stover as raw material. By adding acetic acid or sodium hydroxide, the properties of the hydrolysate and the pulp were altered. Reducing the pH during hydrothermal pretreatment resulted in more cellulose and hemicellulose being released, while less lignin was released. Increased pH led to more lignin being released, while dissolution of carbohydrates did not change significantly. A maximum pulp yield at pH 5.84 of hydrolysate was obtained when 3.0% sodium hydroxide was used. The strength of pulp is highly related to the removal of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment. The relationship between pH value in hydrothermal pretreatment and the physical properties of the pulp was established and could be further used for prediction and as guidance for process control. Moreover, the results could be used to develop technologies for industrial utilization of agricultural straw to co-generate fiber and other bio-based products.

scholarly journals Optimization of biogas from corn stover using liquid and solid-state anaerobic digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Yusuf Eko Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volatile Solid ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Initial Ph

The shortage of fossil fuel can be minimized by developing renewable energies such as biogas. The raw material of biogas can be derived from corn stover. Biogas was produced under solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD). The objectives of this study were to compare the biogas yield and analyze the pH value and VS degradation. The results reported that the SS-AD generated a higher biogas yield than L-AD. SS-AD could improve the biogas yield of 71%. Both SS-AD and L-AD had a higher final pH than the initial pH. Moreover, the VS degradation was proportionate to the biogas yield. The highest VS reduction was achieved on SS-AD. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, liquid state, solid state, volatile solid, renewable energy

scholarly journals Technological and nutritional potential of macaúba fruit Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Edinéia Dotti Mooz ◽  
Ana Carolina Leme Castelucci ◽  
Marta Helena Fillet Spoto
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-outline-level: 1;">In Brazilian biome, there is a great diversity of native fruiting plants with potential for agro-industrial purposes. Among the species found, it is highlighted the palm fruits <em>Acrocomia aculeata</em> (Jacq.) Lodd, popularly known as maca&uacute;ba. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fresh maca&uacute;ba fruit, the physicalchemical quality and pulp yield, to assess the nutritional and technological potential. The fruits are spherical drupes, the average values obtained for the longitudinal external diameter (DEL) and external transverse (DET) and total mass of fruit, 40.7 mm, 40.8 mm and 21.13 g , respectively, were higher than found in the literature for other fruit of palm trees. These results characterize the maca&uacute;ba pulp as a product of low acidity, thus favoring sensorial characteristics. The content of soluble solids was correlated with sugars and organic acids levels. The L * value was higher in peel when compared with pulp, accordingly with chromaticity values. Hue peel angle was characterized by a yellow-reddish color and the pulp indicated a yellow coloring. The pulp showed high yield, especially regarding the technology use as raw material for agro-food industry.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-outline-level: 1;">&nbsp;</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-justify: inter-ideograph; mso-outline-level: 1;">DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i2.89</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

scholarly journals Effect of sodium hydroxide pretreatment on released sugar yields from pomelo peels for biofuel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Chaichana Chatkaew ◽  
Elizabeth Jayex Panakkal ◽  
Wawat Rodiahwati ◽  
Suchata Kirdponpattara ◽  
Santi Chuetor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Pretreatment Condition ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Value Added Products

Most of the agricultural wastes in developing countries are disposed of by on-site combustion leading to unmanaged environmental pollutions. Conversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products, such as bioethanol and biogas, is a promising method to reduce agro-waste after harvesting seasons. In this study, Citrus maxima peels (Pomelo peels) was selected to be converted to reducing sugars, which could be a raw material to produce other value-added products. To promote enzymatic hydrolysis reactions, pomelo peels were pretreated with sodium hydroxide by variations of three pretreatment parameters, including temperature (50-100 ºC), time (0.5-6 h), and concentration of NaOH (0.5-3.0 M). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine the optimized pretreatment condition and to find the relationship between pretreatment factors and reducing sugar yields. The predicted optimal pretreatment condition was determined to be at 94.28 ºC, 4.5h, 2.17M with reducing sugar yield of 98.9 mg/g of dried pomelo peels. The results clearly showed that reducing sugar yields obtained from pretreated pomelo peels were 1.87 folds higher than untreated biomass (52.81 mg/g of pomelo peels). Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential of pomelo peels to be used as an alternative raw material for value-added products rather than being a landfill or causal agent of pollution.

Production of Fuel Ethanol from Hydrotherm-Pretreated Corn Stover by Pichia stipitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 943-946
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Corn stover is an abundant raw material for fuel ethanol production. Finding out the appropriate process for ethanol production will be possible to achieve industrilization. Hydrothermal pretreatment (195°C,15min) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were adopted to produce ethanol from corn stover. The results showed that 86.5% of cellulose were remained in solid cake and most of hemicellulose were solubilized after pretreatment. The highest ethanol concentrationl of 12.12 g/ L was achieved at initial pH of 5.5，temperature 30°C and 130 rpm shaking rate with substrate concentration of 5%(w/v) by Pichia stipitis58376 after 192 h.The corresponding volumetric productivity were 0.065g/Lh .

Environmental benefits of magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp – mill results

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMI HIETANEN ◽  
JUHA TAMPER ◽  
KAJ BACKFOLK
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

The use of a new, technical, high-purity magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching additive was evaluated in full mill-scale trial runs on two target brightness levels. Trial runs were conducted at a Finnish paper mill using Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the raw material in a conventional pressurized groundwood process, which includes a high-consistency peroxide bleaching stage. On high brightness grades, the use of sodium-based additives cause high environmental load from the peroxide bleaching stage. One proposed solution to this is to replace all or part of the sodium hydroxide with a weaker alkali, such as magnesium hydroxide. The replacement of traditional bleaching additives was carried out stepwise, ranging from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate was dosed in proportion to sodium hydroxide, but with a minimum dose of 0.5% by weight on dry pulp. The environmental effluent load from bleaching of both low and high brightness pulps was significantly reduced. We observed a 35% to 48% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), 37% to 40% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 34% to 60% reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD7) in the bleaching effluent. At the same time, the target brightness was attained with all replacement ratios. No interference from transition metal ions in the process was observed. The paper quality and paper machine runnability remained good during the trial. These benefits, in addition to the possibility of increasing production capacity, encourage the implementation of the magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching concept.

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Horváth ◽  
Béla Marosvölgyi ◽  
Christine Idler ◽  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Hannes Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Fungal Particles

Abstract - There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling. The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.

scholarly journals Sodium Metasilicate Cemented Analogue Material and Its Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Yue ◽  
Yanyu Qiu ◽  
Pengxian Fan ◽  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Relationship

Analogue material with appropriate properties is of great importance to the reliability of geomechanical model test, which is one of the mostly used approaches in field of geotechnical research. In this paper, a new type of analogue material is developed, which is composed of coarse aggregate (quartz sand and/or barite sand), fine aggregate (barite powder), and cementitious material (anhydrous sodium silicate). The components of each raw material are the key influencing factors, which significantly affect the physical and mechanical parameters of analogue materials. In order to establish the relationship between parameters and factors, the material properties including density, Young’s modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and tensile strength were investigated by a series of orthogonal experiments with hundreds of samples. By orthogonal regression analysis, the regression equations of each parameter were obtained based on experimental data, which can predict the properties of the developed analogue materials according to proportions. The experiments and applications indicate that sodium metasilicate cemented analogue material is a type of low-strength and low-modulus material with designable density, which is insensitive to humidity and temperature and satisfies mechanical scaling criteria for weak rock or soft geological materials. Moreover, the developed material can be easily cast into structures with complex geometry shapes and simulate the deformation and failure processes of prototype rocks.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Conching Parameters on the Contents of Three Dominant Flavan3-ols, Rheological Properties and Sensory Quality in Chocolate Milk Mass Based on Liquor from Unroasted Cocoa Beans

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2502
Author(s):  
Bogumiła Urbańska ◽  
Hanna Kowalska ◽  
Karolina Szulc ◽  
Małgorzata Ziarno ◽  
Irina Pochitskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

The content of polyphenols in chocolate depends on many factors related to the properties of raw material and manufacturing parameters. The trend toward developing chocolates made from unroasted cocoa beans encourages research in this area. In addition, modern customers attach great importance to how the food they consume benefits their bodies. One such benefit that consumers value is the preservation of natural antioxidant compounds in food products (e.g., polyphenols). Therefore, in our study we attempted to determine the relationship between variable parameters at the conching stage (i.e., temperature and time of) and the content of dominant polyphenols (i.e.,catechins, epicatechins, and procyanidin B2) in chocolate milk mass (CMM) obtained from unroasted cocoa beans. Increasing the conching temperature from 50 to 60 °C decreased the content of three basic flavan-3-ols. The highest number of these compounds was determined when the process was carried out at 50 °C. However, the time that caused the least degradation of these compounds differed. For catechin, it was 2 h; for epicatechin it was 1 h; and for procyanidin it was 3 h. The influence of both the temperature and conching time on the rheological properties of chocolate milk mass was demonstrated. At 50 °C, the viscosity and the yield stress of the conched mass showed its highest value.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

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