scholarly journals Influence of Fruit Load on the Growth and Fruit Yield in Citrus Trees

1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru HIRANO ◽  
Setuo MORIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fruit Load ◽  
Citrus Trees

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Chemotherapy on HLB-Affected Citrus Trees With Emphasis on Fruit Yield and Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muqing Zhang ◽  
Palaniyandi Karuppaiya ◽  
Desen Zheng ◽  
Xiuxiu Sun ◽  
Jinhe Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Citrus Trees

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus, which is associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) in the United States. To date, no effective antimicrobial compound is commercially available to control the disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of different antimicrobial chemicals with suitable surfactants on HLB-affected matured citrus trees with emphasis on the fruit yield and quality. Each treatment was applied three times in a 2-week interval during the spring flush period, one time in summer and three times during the autumn flushing period. We extensively examined different parameters such as pathogenic index, disease index, tree canopy, fruit yield, quality, and nutritional status. The results showed that among the treatments, penicillin (PEN) with surfactant was most effective in suppressing Las titer in infected citrus trees, followed by Fosetyl-Al (ALI), Carvacrol (CARV), and Validamycin (VA). Fruit quality analysis revealed that PEN treatment increased the soluble solids content (SSC), whereas Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatment significantly reduced titratable acidity (TA) level and increased the SSC/TA ratio compared to the control. Nutrient analysis showed increased N and Zn levels in ALI and PEN treatments, and OXY treatment increased leaf P, K, S, and Mg levels compared to untreated control. Furthermore, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn in leaves were reduced in all chemical treatments than that of the untreated control. These findings revealed that some of the chemical treatments were able to suppress Las pathogen, enhance nutritional status in leaves, and improve tree growth and fruit quality of HLB-affected trees.

scholarly journals Manejo del tamaño de fruto y la calidad de la tuna (opuntia ficus-indica, m) mediante regulación de carga frutal

2018 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Adriana Celi Soto ◽  
Juan Alcívar Hidrovo
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fruit Load

Managment the size of fruit and quality of tuna (opuntia ficus-indica, m) by crop load regulation Resumen Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la carga frutal en la tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica, M) sobre el rendimiento y la calidad de los frutos, se realizó un ensayo que consistió en ajustar diferentes niveles de carga frutal por cladodios individuales (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 frutos/cladodio) en la localidad de El Noviciado, de la comuna Pudahuel en Santiago de Chile. Los tratamientos con menor carga frutal redujeron el rendimiento de frutos pero aumentó la calidad de los frutos en peso fresco, tamaño, relación pulpa/cáscara y firmeza, sin embargo el porcentaje de jugo de la pulpa se redujo al disminuir la carga frutal; la carga no afecto al contenido de sólidos solubles, pH y la acidez titulable de la pulpa. Al comparar las plantas con carga ajustada con aquellas de carga natural, se concluyó que el ajuste de carga permite obtener mayores rendimientos y pesos frescos de frutos para un mismo nivel de carga y que la carga natural tiene un efecto más acentuado en la reducción del peso promedio y rendimiento (al aumentar la carga). Palabras clave: carga frutal; peso fresco; peso pulpa; peso cáscara; pH; sólidos solubles; acidez titulable; firmeza; contenido de jugo. Abstract With the aim of studying the effect of fruit load of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, M) on fruit yield and quality, two trials were carried out: one in which different fruit loads were adjusted at the cladode levels (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 fruits/cladode) in The Noviciado of commune Pudahuel in Santiago de Chile. In the test crop load it decreased fruit yield decreased but increased the following variables of fruit quality: fresh weight, size (polar and equatorial diameters), relationship pulp / peel and firmness. Furthermore, in percentage of juice from pulp it was reduced by decreasing the crop load, while no effects of the load on the content of soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of the pulp was observed. Comparing the adjusted load plants with those of natural load in the town of Novitiate concluded that the load adjustment allows for higher yields and fresh fruit pesos for the same charge level and the natural load has an effect more accentuated in reducing the average weight and performance (by increasing the load). These differences indicate that the growth of the fruits of tuna supply depends mainly assimilated and cladode nutrients on which they develop. Keywords: fruit load; fresh mass; pulp mass; peel mass; pH; soluble solids; titratable acidity; firmness; juice content.

scholarly journals By-product Iron-humate Increases Tree Growth and Fruit Production of Orange and Grapefruit

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Alva ◽  
T.A. Obreza
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Citrus Trees

Citrus trees planted in alkaline soils typically show iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis. Currently, Fe-EDDHA (ethylenediiminobis-2-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) chelate is the most effective source of Fe for high pH soils. Iron humate (FeH), a by-product of the drinking water decolorization process, was compared with Fe-EDDHA for Fe deficiency correction on nonbearing `Ambersweet' orange and `Ruby Red' grapefruit Citrus paradisi Macf., and bearing `Hamlin' orange Citrus sinensis and `Flame' grapefruit trees, all on Swingle citrumelo rootstock, planted on high pH (>7.6) soils. Iron humate was applied under the tree canopy in spring at rates from 2 to 200 g Fe (nonbearing trees), or 22 to 352 g Fe (bearing trees) per tree per year. Application of FeH to nonbearing trees decreased twig dieback rating and increased flush growth, flush color rating, tree size, and leaf Fe concentration. Addition of urea or ammonium nitrate to FeH did not increase Fe availability. Iron amendments (22 g Fe per tree per year) increased fruit yield after the 1st year of application. Further increases in the rate of Fe, from 22 to 352 g Fe per tree per year as FeH, did not significantly increase tree growth, fruit yield, or fruit quality. This study demonstrated that FeH was an effective Fe source for citrus trees planted on alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Copper supply and fruit yield of young Citrus trees: fertiliser sources and application methods

Bragantia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Walter Rieger Hippler ◽  
Rodrigo Marcelli Boaretto ◽  
Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira ◽  
José Antonio Quaggio ◽  
Dirceu de Mattos-Jr
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Citrus Trees

Ecological Mowing: An Option for Sustainable Weed Management in Young Citrus Orchards

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Martinelli ◽  
Patrícia A. Monquero ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Patrícia M. Conceição ◽  
Fernando A. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Acid Lime ◽  
Signal Grass ◽  
Citrus Trees

The citrus yield in Brazil is not ranked among the best in the world, potentially due to inadequate management by citrus growers. The low adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) techniques and the improper application of herbicides are also well-known problems. Thus, this study evaluated the use of CA techniques, and twoUrochloaspecies (ruzi grass and signal grass) were used as cover crops. Two different types of mowers (ecological, EM; conventional, CM) launched the mowed biomass into different positions within a young Tahiti acid lime orchard (up to four years old). In addition, the integration of glyphosate into this management system was evaluated, with (GLY) and without (NO GLY) glyphosate application. This experiment was conducted across three growing seasons (2011-2014), in Mogi Mirim, São Paulo State, Brazil. The cover crop biomass yields and the effects of the mowing treatments, weed density, vegetative growth and fruit yields of the Tahiti acid lime trees were evaluated. In terms of major results, signal grass produced higher biomass yield values (up to 64%) than ruzi grass; EM promoted higher mowed biomass values in the intra-row (up to 5.1 ton ha−1, 9.0 times higher than CM), and a higher canopy volume (up to 33% than CM). These results were enhanced when ruzi grass was associated with the EM (56% lower weed density; 126% higher fruit yield than CM) and with GLY (52% higher fruit yield than NO GLY); and EM with GLY (43% lesser weed density and 107% higher fruit yield than NO GLY). Overall, ruzi grass was a good cover crop because it provided less competition for the citrus trees, EM provided a mulch layer in the intra-row of the citrus trees, and associated with GLY, these approaches could provide options for an integrated and more sustainable weed management, primarily for young Tahiti acid lime orchards.

scholarly journals Fruit Yields Depend on Biomass and Nutrient Accumulations in New Shoots of Citrus Trees

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1988
Author(s):  
Zihan Fan ◽  
Huaye Xiong ◽  
Yayin Luo ◽  
Yuheng Wang ◽  
Huanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Citrus Tree ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Citrus Trees

New shoots (including newly formed leaves and twigs) and fruits of citrus tree are key organs for present yield formation and flower differentiation in the next season, but the relationship between yield fluctuation and accumulations of major nutrients in new shoots and fruits of citrus tree is still unclear. Thus, to quantify the biomass and mineral nutrient accumulation in new shoots and fruits of citrus trees under varied yield levels has essential significance for rational fertilization and pruning management for citrus orchards. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), and the distribution of biomass in new shoots and fruits of citrus trees under low, medium and high-yield levels in each of eight orchards located in Chongqing, China. The results showed that substantial variation of fruit yield was observed in all eight orchards with an average yield of 15.0 (low), 30.9 (medium) and 60.1 (high) kg/plant. The averaged biomass of new shoots ranged from 1.59 to 2.51 kg/plant, which was significantly and positively correlated with fruit yield. Nutrient accumulation in leaves was generally highest among new organs, while more than half of N (52.70–71.4%), P (66.5–80.4%) and K (68.9–85.9%) accumulated in fruit. Fruit yields closely correlated with total amounts of major nutrients in new shoots. Furthermore, the nutrient requirements per unit of newly developed shoots and fruits were gradually decreased with increased yield, but the removed nutrients per ton of fresh fruit were almost stable, indicating that more nutrients were distributed into fruit tissues. Taken together, these findings are valuable for optimizing nutrient and pruning management in citrus orchards in China and other similar countries.

scholarly journals Propagule Type Affects Growth and Fruiting of Uapaca kirkiana, a Priority Indigenous Fruit Tree of Southern Africa

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Festus K. Akinnifesi ◽  
Simon A. Mng'omba ◽  
Gudeta Sileshi ◽  
Thomson G. Chilanga ◽  
Jarret Mhango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Dry Matter Allocation ◽  
Uapaca Kirkiana ◽  
Tree Development ◽  
Fruit Load

One of the limitations of Uapaca kirkiana on-farm cultivation is the long juvenile phase to reach a stable fruiting stage. Marcots and grafts have been identified as feasible and reliable propagation methods for precocious fruiting, but the effects of different propagule types on tree growth and fruit yield have not been evaluated. There is limited knowledge on development and growth forms for trees derived from different propagules. Grafts and marcots were compared with saplings to assess the variability in 1) field growth and fruiting of U. kirkiana; and 2) dry matter allocation pattern and tree development models among trees derived from different propagules. Tree development models were used to examine differences among trees from different propagules. The results show that number of branches and fruit load significantly differed between vegetative propagules and saplings, whereas tree height, root collar diameter, crown spread, and fruit size and weight were similar 8 years after establishment. The results suggest differences in intraspecific scaling relationships between height and diameter among propagule sources. Saplings showed a significantly better fit (r2 = 0.891; P < 0.0001) to the scaling relationship than grafts (r2 = 0.724; P = 0.002) and marcots (r2 = 0.533; P = 0.018). After 3 years, marcots and grafts started producing fruits. Fruit load was greatest in marcots despite some fruit abortions; thus, marcots had greater fruit yield, early growth, and development and better dry matter allocation.

scholarly journals Peach Tree Response to Single and Combined Regulated Deficit Irrigation Regimes under Shallow Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Girona ◽  
Mercè Mata ◽  
Amadeu Arbonès ◽  
Simó Alegre ◽  
Josep Rufat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
Fruit Load

Productive and vegetative tree responses were analyzed during 3 consecutive years in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cv. Sudanell] plots subjected to three regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies plus a control irrigation treatment. A postharvest RDI treatment (RDI-P) was irrigated at 0.35 of control after harvest. A Stage II RDI treatment (RDI-SII) was irrigated at 0.5 of control during the lag phase of the fruit growth curve. The third treatment (RDI-SII-P) applied RDI during Stage II at 0.5 of control and postharvest at 0.35 of control. The control treatment, like RDI-P and RDI-SII-P when not receiving RDI, was irrigated at 100% of a water budget irrigation scheduling in 1994 and 1996, full crop years, and 80% of the budget in 1995, an off year with a very small crop. A carry-over effect of deficit irrigation was highly significant in all parameters measured during the third year of the experiment. The general effect of water stress during Stage II did not affect return bloom and fruit set, whereas water stress during postharvest apparently reduced both parameters. As a consequence, fruit counts and fruit load manifested marked differences between treatments, which were also correlated to changes in fruit size. The RDI-II, which had the highest fruit yield, also had the smallest fruit size, whereas RDI-P manifested the lowest yield and largest fruit size. Vegetative growth (shoot elongation and trunk cross sectional area) was significantly reduced during the first 2 years of the experiment in accordance with the amount of the irrigation reduction. However, in 1996 growth was strongly governed by fruit load. The use of RDI-SII-P represented an intermediate cropping effect between the opposite bearing behavior of RDI-SII and RDI-P, while not expecting distinctive fruit yield or size reductions and offering remarkable water savings of 22% of the control applied water.

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