scholarly journals Use of a Portable Rapid Analysis System to Measure Nitrate Concentration of Nutrient and Soil Solution, and Plant Sap in Greenhouse Vegetable Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Peña-Fleitas ◽  
Marisa Gallardo ◽  
Francisco M. Padilla ◽  
Alejandra Rodríguez ◽  
Rodney B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Combined Data

A rapid analysis ion-selective electrode (ISE) system for measurement of [NO3−] in nutrient solution (NS), soil solution (SS) and petiole sap (PS) was evaluated. For each material, there were 797–2010 samples from 5 to 6 different crops, and from 2 to 4 different species. Accuracy was evaluated by linear regression (LR) with laboratory analysis (automated colorimetry, Cd reduction), and by relative error (RE), the average percentage deviation from laboratory analysis. For NS, the LR was y = 0.982x + 0.76, R² = 0.962 (n = 2010), for combined data from 5 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber). For SS, the LR was y = 0.975x + 1.13, R² = 0.965 (n = 797), for combined data from 5 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber). For undiluted PS, the LR relationship was y = 0.742x + 168.02, R² = 0.892 (n = 1425), for combined data from 6 crops (3 pepper, 2 cucumber, 1 melon). The underestimation was most pronounced at [NO3−] of >1500 mg NO3−–N L−1. For diluted petiole sap (dilution by 10 for pepper and melon, 5 for other species), the LR relationship was y = 1.010x + 99.26, R² = 0.927 (n = 1182), for combined data from 6 crops (2 pepper, 2 cucumber, 1 melon, 1 tomato). RE values for all measurements in composite datasets were 14%, 22%, 24% and 25% for NS, SS, undiluted PS and diluted PS respectively, and they were lower in concentrations most likely to be measured in practical on-farm work. The ISE system measured [NO3−] in NS, SS and diluted PS with sufficient accuracy to effectively guide on-farm decision making.

scholarly journals Soil Monitoring Methods to Assess Immediately Available Soil N for Fertigated Sweet Pepper

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2000
Author(s):  
Alejandra Rodríguez ◽  
M. Teresa Peña-Fleitas ◽  
Francisco M. Padilla ◽  
Marisa Gallardo ◽  
Rodney B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
N Application ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition Index ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Combined Data

Excessive N application occurs in greenhouse vegetable production. Monitoring methods of immediately available soil N are required. [NO3−] in soil solution, sampled with ceramic cup samplers, and [NO3−] in the 1:2 soil to water (v/v) extract were evaluated. Five increasing [N], from very N deficient (N1) to very N excessive (N5) were applied throughout three fertigated pepper crops by combined fertigation/drip irrigation. The crops were grown in soil in a greenhouse. Soil solution [NO3−] was measured every 1–2 weeks, and extract [NO3−] every 4 weeks. Generally, for treatments N1 and N2, both soil solution and extract [NO3−] were continually close to zero, and increased with applied [N] for treatments N3–5. The relationships of both methods to the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), an indicator of crop N status, were assessed. Segmented linear analysis gave R2 values of 0.68–0.70 for combined data from entire crops, for both methods. NNI was strongly related to increasing [NO3−] up to 3.1 and 0.9 mmol L−1 in soil solution and extracts, respectively. Thereafter, NNI was constant at 1.04–1.05, with increasing [NO3−]. Suggested sufficiency ranges were derived. Soil solution [NO3−] is effective to monitor immediately available soil N for sweet pepper crops in SE Spain. The extract method is promising.

Action cameras and the Roter interaction analysis system to assess veterinarian-producer interactions in a dairy setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (8) ◽  
pp. 227-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ritter ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Cindy L Adams
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Veterinary Education ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Roter Interaction Analysis System ◽  
Farmer Education ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
On Farm

Herd health and production management (HH&PM) are critical aspects of production animal veterinary practice; therefore, dairy veterinarians need to effectively deliver these services. However, limited research that can inform veterinary education has been conducted to characterise these farm visits. The aim of the present study was to assess the applicability of action cameras (eg, GoPro cameras) worn by veterinarians to provide on-farm recordings, and the suitability of these recordings for comprehensive communication analyses. Seven veterinarians each recorded three dairy HH&PM visits. Recordings were analysed using the Roter interaction analysis system (RIAS), which has been used to evaluate medical conversations in human and companion animal contexts, and provided insights regarding the importance of effective clinical communication. However, the RIAS has never been used in a production animal environment. Results of this pilot study indicate that on-farm recordings were suitable for RIAS coding. Dairy practitioners use a substantial amount of talk allocated to relationship-building and farmer education but that communication patterns of the same veterinarian vary considerably between farm visits. Consecutive studies using this method will provide observational data for research purposes and promise to aid in the improvement of veterinary education through identification of communication priorities and gaps in dairy advisory discussions.

scholarly journals Approach to Petiole Sap Nutritional Diagnosis Method by Empirical Model Based on Climatic and Growth Parameters

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Alfonso Llanderal ◽  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
José Pérez-Alonso ◽  
Juana Isabel Contreras ◽  
María Luz Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Petiole Sap

The aim of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the nutrient concentration in petiole sap and different agronomic and climatic variables for a tomato crop grown in a greenhouse in Mediterranean conditions. In addition, the persistence of the nutrient concentration in petiole sap was investigated with the aim of determining the sampling period that implies the best trade-off nutritional information. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points inside the greenhouse. The samples of petiole, fully expanded leaf, and soil solution samples were collected weekly from 86 to 163 days after transplanting. Chloride, NO3−-N, H2PO4−-P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were determined in petiole sap and soil solution obtained by suction cups. Nitrogen, P, K, Cl, and Na concentrations were also determined in leaf. Finally, the petiole sap nutritional diagnosis method is the highest sensitive nutritional diagnosis method which compares soil solution and nutrient leaf content related to yield, and the statistical analysis performed in this research demonstrates that crop evapotranspiration (ETc), vapor pressure deficit (DPV), and leaf area index (LAI) are considered the most significant variables that allow the development of these empirical prediction models regarding nutrient concentration in petiole sap.

ON-FARM EVALUATION OF FERTILIZER BRIQUETTES AND LOW-COST DRIP IRRIGATION FOR SMALLHOLDER VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CAMBODIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Bhattarai ◽  
M. C. Palada ◽  
D. J. Midmore ◽  
D. Wu ◽  
R. Salas
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
On Farm

Review of Papers on Farm Work Simplification

1946 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
S. A. Engene
Keyword(s):  
Farm Work ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Self identified research needs of New York organic farmers

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Baker ◽  
Douglas B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
New York State ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
On Farm

AbstractA survey of organic farmers in New York State identified problems in need of university research. Weed management was the most frequently mentioned problem by far, identified as significant by two-thirds of the organic farmers. Only a few other problems were listed as significant, including insufficient time for farm work, lack of markets, low prices, and lack of appropriate tools. These were cited by more than a third of the farmers. Drought, insect management, and a lack of a dependable supply of labor were cited by about one-third of the respondents. The survey also examined organic farmers' information sources. They do not use conventional sources of agricultural information, such as the extension service and conventional agricultural media, as much as books, magazines, and newsletters on organic f arming, other organic f armers, and on-farm experiments. Many respondents noted that local extension agents did not know very much about non-chemical solutions to organic production problems. They considered University Extension to be accessible, but not very useful in solving problems specific to organic farming, and had many suggestions to improve Land Grant research in organic agriculture.

Determinants of off-farm work and its effects on farm performance: the case of Norwegian grain farmers

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudbrand Lien ◽  
Subal C. Kumbhakar ◽  
J. Brian Hardaker
Keyword(s):  
Farm Work ◽  
Farm Performance ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Grain Farmers

scholarly journals Factors influencing the adoption of improved vegetable production practices among women farmers in Aguata-Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
L.E. Odoemlam ◽  
F.C. Nzeakor
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
On Farm

The study examined the level and determinants of adoption of improved vegetable production practices in the study area. A three-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 160 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results on adoption level of the selected improved vegetable production practices indicated that improved seeds had a grand mean of 𝑥̅ = 3.17, field preparation (𝑥̅ = 3.19), planting distance (𝑥̅ = 2.99), water management (𝑥̅ = 3.43), fertilizer/organic manure application (𝑥̅ = 3.55), pesticides (𝑥̅ = 2.57), harvesting ( 𝑥̅= 5.00) and storage procedure (𝑥̅ = 4.89) based on 5-point Likert scale adoption level. On factors influencing adoption of improved vegetable production practices, the result revealed that farm size (1.00188***), credit access (4.704902**), on-farm demonstration (2.900749**) and farm labour (1.295902***) had a positive and significant influence on improved vegetable production practices by the respondents. The result further indicated that the age (0.3135258***) and the off-farm income (0.0870768) of the farmers had a negative influence on the adoption of improved vegetable production practices. Based on these findings, the study revealed that the women farmers could have full adoption of the improved production practices if the factors are adequately addressed. The study therefore recommends that before the introduction of a new technology, the ADPs should ensure that maximum audience analysis is carried out to address some of the factors influencing adoption. Besides, introduction of new technologies to farmers should go hand-in-hand with on-farm demonstration since it is by that they would develop confidence and allay their fears associated with improved practices.

scholarly journals Survey on farm practices of small-scale vegetable farmers in the Southern Philippines

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Neil Seriño ◽  
Glorybeth Castillo ◽  
Jessa Ruales
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Farmer Field School ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Field School ◽  
On Farm

This study aims to survey the farm practices of small scale vegetable farmers, evaluate gender roles in farming and assess the changes in farm income of farmers engaged in integrated crop management. The respondents of the study include randomly selected small-scale vegetable farmers trained under the farmer field school (FFS) in Bohol, Leyte and Samar. Randomly selected non-FFS farmers serve as control group. Information on farm practices between non-FFS and FFS respondents are used in determining the changes in farm outcomes. Results show that FFS and non-FFS farmers mostly planted eggplant, bitter gourd, beans, sweet pepper, pechay, squash, tomato and okra. The farm areas of surveyed respondents are mostly located around 10 kilometers away from their primary market with an approximate traveling time of half an hour. During the baseline survey, FFS farmers indicated that they are mostly unsatisfied with their current vegetable production in contrast to non-FFS farmers who expressed satisfaction with their current production. However, in the follow-up survey FFS group expressed relatively higher optimism than non-FFS group in terms of their vegetable production suggesting that the project interventions were able to encourage small scale farmers to incorporate necessary improvements in their practices. For gender roles in vegetable production, men are into labor intensive tasks while women focus mostly on record keeping and monitoring sales of vegetables. Lastly, employing the method of difference in difference shows that impact of farmer field school on integrated crop management increases vegetable farm income by around PHP4,300.00 per year per farm.

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