scholarly journals Root System Morphology of Ipê-Roxo Tree Grown in Soil Subjected to Phosphorus Application in Subtropical Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Carolina Fogliarini Parcianello ◽  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Gabriel Alberto Sans ◽  
Vanessa Marques Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Climate Region ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

Phosphorus (P) availability in subtropical soils does not often meet the nutritional demand of native tree species such as the ipê-roxo tree (Handroanthus heptaphyllus); therefore, it is necessary to supply P at planting. However, the impact of P on root system growth remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of P application on root morphology of H. heptaphyllus plants over a 36-month period in a subtropical climate region. During the experiment, the plants subjected to fertilization with 40 kg P ha−1 were compared to untreated control. Plant roots were scanned through minirhizotron system 18 and 36 months after transplant (MAT), and generated images were used to determine total root length, mean root diameter and total root volume. Plant height and leaf P concentrations were also evaluated. Phosphorus application enhanced root and whole plant growth with a more evident effect at 36 MAT, when soil P availability decreased. The results give important information on the cultivation of H. heptaphyllus plants in soils presenting low P availability.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Mobilizing Enzymes of Alnus-Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in an Alaskan Boreal Floodplain

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Ruess ◽  
Michaela M. Swanson ◽  
Knut Kielland ◽  
Jack W. McFarland ◽  
Karl D. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Plant Level

Because of its high phosphorus (P) demands, it is likely that the abundance, distribution, and N-fixing capacity of Alnus in boreal forests are tightly coupled with P availability and the mobilization and uptake of soil P via ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). We examined whether Alnus shifts EMF communities in coordination with increasingly more complex organic P forms across a 200-year-old successional sequence along the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Root-tip activities of acid phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and phytase of A. tenuifolia-associated EMF were positively intercorrelated but did not change in a predictable manner across the shrub, to hardwood to coniferous forest successional sequence. Approximately half of all Alnus roots were colonized by Alnicola and Tomentella taxa, and ordination analysis indicated that the EMF community on Alnus is a relatively distinct, host-specific group. Despite differences in the activities of the two Alnus dominants to mobilize acid phosphatase and phosphodiesterase, the root-tip activities of P-mobilizing enzymes of the Alnus-EMF community were not dramatically different from other co-occurring boreal plant hosts. This suggests that if Alnus has a greater influence on P cycling than other plant functional types, additional factors influencing P mobilization and uptake at the root and/or whole-plant level must be involved.

scholarly journals 1002 ADAPTATION OF BEAN SEEDLINGS TO LOW P AVAILABILITY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 573b-573
Author(s):  
Jonathan Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
System Size ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Soil P

Low P availability is a primary limitation to plant growth on most native soils. Crop genotypes differ substantially in their ability to grow in low P soils. Understanding the physiological basis for such variation would be useful in developing genotypes with superior P efficiency, which would have utility in low-input systems and might permit more. efficient fertilizer use in high-input systems. In common bean (Phasecolus vulgaris), growth under P stress is reduced because of increased C costs of the root system. Genetic contrasts in P efficiency were not associated with reduced shoot requirement, mycorrhizal associations, chemical interactions with specific soil P pools, or root system size, but were associated with root system architecture. SimRoot, an explicit geometric model of bean root growth, confirmed that architectural traits can influence the relationship of root C costs and P acquisition. Root growth responds dynamically to P stress, through changes in the proliferation of lateral roots and the geotropic response of basal roots. Differences in root architecture arising from these growth responses to P stress may account for genetic differences in P efficiency.

Modeling the additional root cohesion of four sub-tropical shrub and tree species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Arnone ◽  
Quintilio Napoleoni ◽  
Leonardo Noto
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Climatic Environment ◽  
Diameter Classes

<p> The effect of plant roots on hillslope stabilization against rainfall-induced shallow landslides depends on the mutual interaction between biotechnical characteristics of the root system (i.e., root length, root tensile strength, root area, root diameter profile) with the soil root-zone and the hydrological processes therein. Describing adequately the root architecture of a plant species is useful when root strength models, such as the Root Bundle Model (RBM), are applied to assess the ultimate root reinforcement.</p><p>This study describes the preliminary results of the calibration of an existing Root Topological Model (RTM) combined with a RBM model to estimate the additional roots shear resistance of vegetation typical of a subtropical climate.</p><p>Specifically, the dataset of the root system of four Hong Kong native species of shrubs (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa and Melastoma sanguineum) and trees (Schefflera heptaphylla and Reevesia thyrsoidea) has been used. The dataset includes the measurements relative to both the root architecture, i.e., root diameter classes and number of roots as function of depth, and the root resistance, i.e. root tensile strengths for each diameter classes, which were obtained from laboratory test.</p><p>The present application allows for calibrating and exploiting the potentiality of the framework RTM-RBM in a climatic environment different from the Mediterranean one analyzed so far for its development, thus testing the response and the flexibility of the modeling framework. The availability of such a tool could enhance, for example, the assessment of the most suitable plant species to be adopted for the slope stabilization in different soil and/or climatic conditions.</p>

Effect of rates and methods of phosphorus application on herb and oil yields and nutrient concentrations in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kothari ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
Kamla Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Japanese Mint ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Placement Depth

Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.), one of the important essential-oil-bearing crops of India, is a potential source of natural menthol which is widely used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Generally under intensive cultivation, the application (broadcast with incorporation) of phosphorus leads to enhanced herb and oil yields of different mint species (Rao, Rao & Singh, 1983; Singh et al. 1983; Vadivel & Sampath, 1981), but the knowledge that P-adsorption to soil surface reduces plant availability suggests that a P application method limiting soil-P contact may improve P availability and use efficiency (Phillips & Webb, 1971). Therefore, the placement depth and method may be an important factor in the proper use of applied phosphorus. Since uptake of P is reduced in dry soils (Reichman & Grunes, 1966; Simpson, 1960), P placed deeper in the soil would remain more available because of increased soil moisture. Another factor involved is the positional availability of the P source (Cooke, 1954). If placed too close to the surface, the roots may not come in contact with the fertilizer or too few would contact the band to maximize uptake.

The Mineral Nutrition of Single Plants in Soil

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Tinker ◽  
Peter Nye
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Root System ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Solute Movement ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Growing Conditions

Earlier chapters in this book have dealt with the various components of the soil –root system. In this chapter we aim to synthesize them into a unified treatment of a single whole plant growing in soil. Solute movement and root system uptake models are still the central subject, but we must also deal with the growth of the whole plant, which provides the growing sink for the absorbed solutes, and the expanding root system through which they enter. Here we deal only with homogeneous soils and constant growing conditions, usually in pot culture, and call this ‘simplified conditions’. This is necessary in dealing with such complicated systems, so that essential principles shall not be obscured. In chapter 11 we apply these ideas, so far as it is possible, to crops and natural vegetation. Models are often referred to in this book, because the ideas and concepts are most easily and precisely formulated in this way (Nye 1992a). Here, we outline the different types of models that will be dealt with, and their relationships with each other. Readers may consult Rengel (1993) and Silberbush (1996) for recent reviews of the modelling of nutrient uptake, and Penning de Vries & Rabbinge (1995) for general crop modelling concepts. There are three basic situations: (1) Models of single or few plants growing in pots under simplified conditions in greenhouse or growth chambers, in homogeneous soils, with ample supplies of water, constant temperature, etc. (2) Models of monoculture crops. If a unit cell can be defined, only the vertical dimension need be considered, except possibly for light interception, and for radial transport around roots. These models are normally used for field situations. (3) Vegetation models with mixed species. Separation of the uptakes by the different species can be extremely difficult. If the geometrical arrangement of the species is regular, it is possible to determine a recurring unit cell, which simplifies treatment. Within each situation there is a hierarchy of complexity in the number of processes covered. All models may include water uptake as well as nutrient uptake.

Build up of soil phosphorus in coffee plantations of Karnataka overthree decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shiva Prasad J.S. Nagaraja ◽  
S.A.Nadafand M. Violet D’ Souza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Category ◽  
The Impact

<p>Karnataka is the largest coffee producing State in India contributing 72.3 per cent of the total production of the country. Arabica<br />Coffee is being cultivated in Karnatakain an area of 1.1 lakh ha and Robusta coffee in 1.2 lakh ha. Coffee growing soils are deep,<br />friable, rich in organic matter, high in potassium content, well drained and slightly acidic in reaction. These soils contain large<br />quantities of aluminium and iron oxides. Hence, phosphorus (P) availability in the Indian coffee growing soils is a constraint as<br />the aluminium and iron oxides fix the appliedphosphorus. Soil testing laboratories(STLs) of Coffee Board are rendering advisory<br />service to the growers based on soil analysis and classify the data into low, medium and high category. In order to know the impact<br />of the lime and fertilizer management on the soil available P status of the coffee growing soils of Karnataka, the soil-P data were<br />compiled and classified into different categories for the 3 districts, viz., Chikmagalur, Hassan and Kodagu for a period from 1980-<br />81 to 2015-16. The decade-wise data set on soil available phosphorus so obtained was analyzed and the changes occurred over a<br />period of time were assessed.The results indicated that over a period of thirty six years clear cut shift has taken place from low to<br />high category in the available P status of soils cropped to coffee. About 50per cent of the samples were low during 1980s while<br />this has reduced to 42 per cent during 1990s and further reduced to 23per cent during 2016. On the other hand the percentage of<br />samples under high category has gradually increased from 24 to 51.</p>

scholarly journals High Soil Phosphorus Application Significantly Increased Grain Yield, Phosphorus Content but Not Zinc Content of Cowpea Grains

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Saba B. Mohammed ◽  
Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽  
Adama Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad L. Umar ◽  
Muhammad F. Ishiyaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

To ameliorate the impact of soil phosphorus (P) deficiency on cowpea, the use of P-based fertilizers is recommended. Plant zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient required by plants in a wide range of processes, such as growth hormone production and metabolism. However, a negative association between plant Zn content and high P application has been reported in some crops. There are few reports about soil P application and plant Zn content relationship on cowpea. Thus, this study investigated the response of cowpeas to three P rates in the screenhouse (0, 1.5, and 30 mg P/kg) and field (0, 10, and 60 kg P2O5/ha) and their effects on plant P and Zn content, biomass, and grain yield. In the screenhouse, shoot and root dry weights, and shoot P and Zn content were measured. Shoot dry weight, grain yield, grain P, and Zn contents were determined from field plants. Higher rates of P led to increased shoot biomass and grain yield of the field experiment but were not associated with a significant change in shoot or grain Zn content. There was not a significant correlation between grain yield and Zn content in high soil P (p < 0.05). The effect of higher P application on reduced plant Zn contents may be genotype-dependent and could be circumvented if genotypes with high Zn content under high soil P are identified.

scholarly journals High soil phosphorus application significantly increased grain yield, phosphorus content but not zinc content of cowpea grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Baba Mohammed ◽  
Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽  
Adama Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad L. Umar ◽  
Muhammad F. Ishiyaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims Phosphorus (P) is limiting in many soils of cowpea producing areas. To ameliorate the impact of soil P deficiency, the use of P-based fertilizers is highly recommended. However, a negative association between zinc (Zn) content and high P application has been reported in some crops. There are few reports about P-Zn interaction on cowpea. Thus, in this study, the response of cowpea to the varying amounts of P and their effect on plant P and Zn content, and yield were investigated.Methods Thirty genotypes were grown at three P rates in screenhouse and field environments. In the screenhouse, shoot biomass, P and Zn content were measured at 55 days after sowing. In the field, grain yield, P, and Zn content were determined in the harvested tissues when plants reached full maturity.Results Higher rates of P in the growth media led to significantly increased shoot biomass, and grain yield but were not associated with a significant change in shoot or grain Zn content. There was not a significant correlation between grain yield and Zn content in high soil P (p < 0.05). The site regression analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained 69.76%, and 22.30% of total variance for grain yield, and 69.01% & 24.66% of total variance for Zn content.Conclusions The effect of higher P application on reduced shoot and grain Zn content may be genotype-dependent and could be circumvented if genotypes with high Zn content under higher P supply are identified and cultivated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Extractants for Calibrating Phosphorus Application Rates in a Calcareous Soil

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Yuncong C. Li ◽  
Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽  
Kelly Morgan ◽  
Mingjian Geng
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Preplant soil testing is essential for optimizing phosphorus (P) fertilization and minimizing the potential for soil P losses. Currently, there is no effective soil P extractant for calcareous soils in Florida. This study was conducted to compare Mehlich-3, ammonium bicarbonate–diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), and Olsen for evaluating P availability, estimating soil-test P (STP) critical levels, and calibrating P application rates for fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in a calcareous soil. Tomatoes were grown during Winter 2014 and 2015 with P application rates of 0, 29, 49, 78, 98, and 118 kg·ha‒1 P. Water-extractable P (water-P) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) in leachate were used to determine the STP change point of leaching potential. Results showed the greatest correlation occurred between Mehlich-3 and Olsen of the three STP extractants. For Mehlich-3-P, the medium STP level (producing 75% to 90% relative yield) was predicted from 76 to 89 mg·kg‒1 and the change point was predicted at 88 or 104 mg·kg‒1 by split-line models. The P requirement was calculated from 52 to 112 kg·ha‒1 when Mehlich-3-P was rated as low level (producing 50% to 75% relative yield), which was from 42 to 76 mg·kg‒1. The multiple regression models using AB-DTPA-P and Olsen-P could not predict either the medium STP level or the practical P application rates for the low level. Consequently, based on 2 years of data, Mehlich-3 was the most effective extractant for estimating soil P availability and calibrating P rates in calcareous soils with an extremely high calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content.

The Impact of Phosphorus on Plant Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Chan ◽  
Ya-Yun Liao ◽  
Tzyy-Jen Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Transporters ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Availability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract Phosphorus (P) is the second most essential macronutrient in terms of limiting plant growth. The genes involved in P acquisition, transport, storage, utilization and respective regulation have been extensively studied. In addition, significant attention has been given to the crosstalk between P and other environmental stresses. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries pertaining to the emerging function of P in plant immunity. The roles of external soil P availability, internal cellular P in plants, P starvation signaling machinery and phosphate transporters in biotic interactions are discussed. We also highlight the impact of several phytohormones on the signaling convergence between cellular P and immune responses. This information may serve as a foundation for dissecting the molecular interaction between nutrient responses and plant immunity.

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