scholarly journals Physical Attributes of Ferralsol in Fertigated Sugarcane Production Environments for Bioethanol in the Midwest of Brazil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Otavio Silveira Gravina ◽  
Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽  
Vladia Correchel ◽  
Gustavo Cassiano da Silva ◽  
Lucas de Castro Medrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Soil Constituents ◽  
Main Producer

Brazil is the world leader in the production and export of sugarcane derivatives, and its center-south region is the main producer. Fertigation with byproducts from bioethanol production can be adopted as a strategy to mitigate the soil physical deterioration resulting from the intensification of mechanized farming practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of soil physical attributes under sugarcane cultivation in different crop cycles in fertigated areas in the midwest region of Brazil. The samples were collected in different Ferralsol layers (0.0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, and 0.4–0.5 m) and fertigated crop cycles (first, third, fifth, seventh, and twelfth sugarcane cycles), as well as from native Cerrado vegetation (reference area), and the weight and volume relationships of the soil constituents and total soil were evaluated. Soil physical attributes are affected by sugarcane cultivation cycles and fertigation with vinasse. In the short term (third cycle), the results indicate deterioration of the physical attributes of the soil. However, throughout the cycles of sugarcane culture via fertigation (twelve cycles), the addition of vinasse leads to improvements in physical attributes and soil aggregation, promoting an increase in the longevity of the sugarcane crop. Therefore, the evaluation of the physical attributes of the soil in areas with vinasse application in different sugarcane cultivation cycles should be analyzed in areas of different regions, as this management practice indicates a high potential to increase the longevity of cultivation sugarcane, reducing production costs in the bioenergy sector.

scholarly journals Planting Systems for Modern Olive Growing: Strengths and Weaknesses

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lo Bianco ◽  
Primo Proietti ◽  
Luca Regni ◽  
Tiziano Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Cultivar Diversity

The objective of fully mechanizing olive harvesting has been pursued since the 1970s to cope with labor shortages and increasing production costs. Only in the last twenty years, after adopting super-intensive planting systems and developing appropriate straddle machines, a solution seems to have been found. The spread of super-intensive plantings, however, raises serious environmental and social concerns, mainly because of the small number of cultivars that are currently used (basically 2), compared to over 100 cultivars today cultivated on a large scale across the world. Olive growing, indeed, insists on over 11 million hectares. Despite its being located mostly in the Mediterranean countries, the numerous olive growing districts are characterized by deep differences in climate and soil and in the frequency and nature of environmental stress. To date, the olive has coped with biotic and abiotic stress thanks to the great cultivar diversity. Pending that new technologies supporting plant breeding will provide a wider number of cultivars suitable for super-intensive systems, in the short term, new growing models must be developed. New olive orchards will need to exploit cultivars currently present in various olive-growing areas and favor increasing productions that are environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. As in fruit growing, we should focus on “pedestrian olive orchards”, based on trees with small canopies and whose top can be easily reached by people from the ground and by machines (from the side of the top) that can carry out, in a targeted way, pesticide treatments, pruning and harvesting.

scholarly journals Causality Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Consumer Price of Veal: The Case of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6257
Author(s):  
Burak Mat ◽  
Mehmet Saltuk Arikan ◽  
Mustafa Bahadir Çevrimli ◽  
Ahmet Cumhur Akin ◽  
Mustafa Agah Tekindal
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Input Prices

It is interesting to identify the reasons and the direction of the correlation between the input/output prices and the macro/micro parameters in animal production processes. In the present study, the time series of the monthly data between the years 2014 and 2019 were analyzed to examine the factors that affected the consumer price of carcass meat in Turkey. An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the consumer price of carcass meat and the prices of cattle fattening feed, the exchange rate of the dollar, producer price index (PPI), and the agricultural PPI, which were anticipated to affect the consumer price of carcass meat as determined by the Granger causality analysis. According to econometric analysis results, when there is a change in carcass producer price, cattle fattening feed and PPI in the short term, the consumer price of carcass meat is affected by this. The producer price of carcass and PPI variables are determined to be the cause of each other’s Granger. At the same time, the PPI variable and the consumer price of carcass meat and dollar rate variables were found to be the cause of each other’s Granger. If Turkey is to prevent the excessive fluctuations in the consumer- and producer-prices of carcass meat caused by macro variables, an effective price control mechanism should be put into practice. It seems that this change would be possible only by developing and implementing policies to lower the input prices and production costs.

scholarly journals Key performance indicators of major companies: a study on Russian metallurgical industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05086
Author(s):  
Daria Baklanovskaya ◽  
Marat Goguadze ◽  
Alexey Shmatko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Short And Long Term

The development of the metallurgical industry requires investing in the environmental safety of processes and technologies of metal processing, as well as to the measures aimed at energy costs reduction. We will look at the economic impact of reducing production costs by saving resources and improving the efficiency of the energy complex. The financial effect of reducing energy consumption per unit of production can be achieved by optimizing the purchase of energy resources, modes of operation of technological and support equipment, improving the management of the company’s energy complex. The article examines the most important indicators of the operating and financial activities of the three companies in the steel industry—Novolipetsk and Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plants, as well as Severstal PJSC. The financial stability of these companies and the agility of their capital are quite high, and their fixed assets are financed by their own funds. Companies are also financially stable in the short term, as evidenced by the high current liquidity ratios (2 and above), and their own capital exceeds borrowing by 1.5 to 2 times. Thus, we can conclude that they are operationally efficient and have good financial sustainability in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Optimization a new mathematical model of hybrid flow shop work order problem by the Genetic Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Nasser Shahsavari Pour ◽  
Hamed Asadi ◽  
Mansoor Kheradmand
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Hybrid Flow Shop ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
The Common

In competitive business, one of the challenges of management in industrial units is reducing the prime cost. Hybrid flow shop is one of the common production environments which lead to a significant decrease in production costs if it has a good and appropriate scheduling in production. Hybrid flow-shop problems overcome one of the limitations of the classical flow-shop model by allowing parallel processors at each stage of task Processing. In this paper we study the hybrid flow shop work order problems. A brief enumeration of the essential constraints that characterize this kind of organization is given. Problem is minimizing the production and inventory cost in Hybrid flow-shop organization. To solve problem we used the genetic algorithm to obtain the minimum of production cost. An illustrative example explains in detail the feature of the proposed model.

Short-term Forecasting in Marine Fish Stocks

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Stocker ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Production Models ◽  
The Difference

The predictive power of stock production models and simple time series methods was considered for five marine fish stocks. The distinction between model fitting and forecasting future short-term catch is discussed, as is the difference between techniques to forecast short-term yield, and techniques to calculate long-term management practice. Fox's procedure for fitting Pella and Tomlinson's stock production model, Schnute's method for fitting Schaefer's model, and Gulland's method are all considered. We found that all methods except that of Gulland work well for some stocks, and the relative performance of the methods depends upon the exploitation history of the stock. In several instances one of the best forecasts of next year's catch per unit effort (CPUE) was the previous year's CPUE, emphasizing the fact that a good forecasting technique may have no utility in determining management policies.Key words: production models, catch and effort, fisheries, management, catch forecasting, time series

scholarly journals Candidate herbicides to control itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) in sugarcane fields

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Antonio Vélez-Ramos ◽  
Nelson Semidey ◽  
Nilsa M. Acín-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Development Center ◽  
San German

Field trials in 1986-87 were conducted in the humid sugarcane growing area of San Germán and under irrigation at the Lajas Research and Development Center to evaluate several candidate herbicides for controlling itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata L.f.) in sugarcane fields. Terbutryn [2—(Tert— butylamino)—4— (ethylamino)—6— (methylthio— S—triazine] at 2.68, 5.35 and 10.70 kg/ha as a direct post emergence application over itchgrass 15 to 20 cm tall provided excellent grass control with no injury to the crop. Asulam [methyl (4 amino phenyl) (sulfanyl)] carbamate at 2,09 kg/ha showed a slow short-term action. With Terbutryn at 10.7 kg/ha and the hand-weeded check plots significantly higher cane and sugar yields were obtained, Pendimethalin [N—(ethylpropyl)—3,4—dimethyl—2,6—dinitroben— zenamine] at 3.56 kg/ha as a preemergence soil-in corpora ted application to a primavera sugarcane crop was effective in controlling itchgrass. A single application of this product at 1.78 kg/ha was markedly less effective. Imazapyr (2-[4,5 dihydro—4—methyl—4—(l-methylethyl)—5—0x0—lH—imidazolzyl]— 3—pyridinecarboxylic acid) with 2—propanamine (1:1) salt at 0.125 and 0.25 kg/ha controlled of itchgrass excellently. Combinations of pendimethalin and imazapyr were effective in controlling grass weeds. The best cane tonnage and sugar yields were obtained from the hand-weeded plots and from combinations of pendimethalin and imazapyr. With pendimethalin at 0.89 and 1.78 kg/ha and asulam at 2.98 kg/ha there was very little effect from the herbicide treatments on increasing yield.

scholarly journals Effect of altitude and shade on production and physical attributes of Coffee in Gulmi, Syangja and Palpa districts of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-238
Author(s):  
Manoj Paudel ◽  
Kiran Parajuli ◽  
Sudip Regmi ◽  
Srijan Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
The World ◽  
Specialty Coffee ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Bean Weight

Coffee (Coffea spps.) is the second most traded commodity in the world after raw oil. Coffee is grown in mid hills of Nepal from an altitude of 700masl to 1500masl under different shade management practices. Nepalese coffee farmers grow coffee in a traditional way with almost zero application of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides and hence Nepalese coffee is popular as organic coffee or specialty coffee in the world. A study was carried out in three Coffee potent adjoining districts of Nepal: Gulmi, Syangja and Palpa. Ripe coffee cherries were harvested from every 200m altitude from 700masl to 1500masl under shade management and without shade management practices. Different physical attributes such as 1000 cherry weight, wet parchment weight, dry parchment weight, green beans weight, defected beans, and green bean diameter were observed. Production from each altitude level was recorded and highest production (7.04 kg per plant) was obtained from an altitude of 900-1100masl . The highest 1000 cherry weight (1297.17g) and the highest green bean weight (450.33 g) were obtained from 900-1100masl. Under no shade management, number of defected beans were 98 per 1000 beans whereas it was 64 under shade. The interaction of altitude and shade management practice had significant effect upon production (P=0.035), 1000 cherry weight (P<0.001), dry parchment weight (P=0.049) and green bean weight (P<0.05). Coffee produced at an altitude of 900-1100masl under shade management practice were found to have higher production and of better quality with fewer defected beans whereas that produced at extreme lower of 700-900masl and extreme higher altitude of  1300-1500masl were found to have lower production and poor quality.

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