scholarly journals Low Outcrossing from an Apple Field Trial Protected with Nets

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Ina Schlathölter ◽  
Anna Dalbosco ◽  
Michael Meissle ◽  
Andrea Knauf ◽  
Alex Dallemulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simple Sequence

Regulatory compliance of experimental releases into the environment of not yet approved genetically modified plants often requires implementation of measures to reduce the dispersal of reproductive material. To study the impact of nets on pollen flow in an experimental field site in Switzerland, non-GM apple varieties ‘Ladina’ and ’Nicogreen’ were planted inside and outside a netted plot, respectively. Seeds harvested from mature fruits were germinated and the paternal variety of the seedlings was determined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. We demonstrate that pollination frequency from trees inside the netted plot to trees outside over a two-year (2018 and 2019) study of 4500 seedlings is 0.6% (26 seedlings). Moreover, these outcrossing events decreased with increasing distance from the pollen donor. Over the study period, we found on average 0.9%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.09% of the seedlings derived from apples of ‘Nicogreen’ trees at 8 m, 15 m, 72 m and 117 m being generated by fertilisations of ‘Ladina’ pollen, respectively. In comparison, 48.3% (2018 season) and 75.1% (2019 season) of examined ‘Ladina’ seedlings in the netted plot originated from ‘Nicogreen’ tree pollen outside the netted plot. The results suggest that insect netting is effective in minimizing egress of apple pollen from an experimental site and that the likelihood of outcrossing is reduced further (<0.1%) when there are no compatible apple trees within a radius of 100 m of the pollen donor. These data are important for biosafety research/regulation to aid understanding of pollen flow in experimental field sites.

An industry perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Taylor ◽  
Jean Pierre Garat ◽  
Samer Simreen ◽  
Ghida Sarieddine
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Safety Culture

Purpose – This paper aims to outline the food safety roles and responsibilities within the industry that play an important role in the success of government initiatives, demonstrated using a new model of Food Safety Culture Excellence. It is the sixth article in a Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes theme issue presenting a comprehensive government strategy for improving food safety management standards across the hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach – A case study is used to demonstrate the impact of auditing the 16 dimensions of Food Safety Culture Excellence in practice. The business selected was the first in Abu Dhabi to achieve regulatory compliance for HACCP-based food safety management, and the first to conduct a Food Safety Culture Excellence audit in the United Arab Emirates. Findings – This article demonstrates how the concept of food safety culture works in practice, using the Food Safety Culture Excellence Model with four categories and 16 dimensions. It demonstrates how the auditing of culture within a business can highlight strengths and weaknesses and facilitate continual improvement. Originality/value – The article represents the first published model of Food Safety Culture Excellence, an extensively researched and tested model developed by Taylor Shannon International Ltd. and launched in conjunction with Campden BRI in 2014. It also demonstrates the first audit of the model in practice.

scholarly journals Insects associated with sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) and the impact of insect pollinators on crop production

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Number

A survey of insects associated with sesame, Sesamun indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, University of Suez Canal during the growing seasons 2010 and 2011. All different insect species found on the experimental site were collected for identification. Sampling was done once a week and three times a day. Three methods were used to collect insects from the sesame plants (a sweep net, pitfall traps, digital camera and eye observation). A total of 31 insect species were collected and properly identified during the survey. Insects recorded on the plants were divided into four groups, true pollinators (Hymenoptera), other pollinators (Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), pests (Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Homoptera) and natural enemies (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Dictyoptera). For studying the impact of insect pollination on sesame production, the experiment was divided in two: opened and non-opened pollination of sesame. 50 plants from nonopened pollination were covered with a perforated paper bag to allow the air to pass through and to prevent insects from approaching the plants. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were measured as follows: pod weight, number of seeds in each pod, weight of 1000 seeds, germination (%), seedlings vigour and oil content (%). Results clearly demonstrate that the opened pollination improved the crop production.

Technology-Driven Convergence of Business Processes in the Acquisition Cycle: Implications for Accountants and Educators

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Richard J. Palmer ◽  
Mahendra R. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Student Preparation ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acquisition Cycle

ABSTRACT Organizations have sought competitive cost advantage in the acquisition cycle through software associated with e-procurement, expense management, payment technology, data mining, ERP “bolt-ons,” and regulatory compliance. The net effect of advancing technology has been a convergence of the different business processes operating within the acquisition cycle such that the potential exists for one basic procurement process and payment tool to support multiple business applications, greatly improving organizational efficiency. Thus, this paper examines (1) processes within the traditional acquisition cycle and the technological and control drivers that sustain them, (2) how emerging technologies (in particular, card-based payment technologies) are disrupting the acquisition cycle, and (3) how new technology represents a paradigm shift for accountants and educators that requires a significant reconsideration of the nature of and balance between key controls, risks, and efficiency. The paper also examines the impact of acquisition cycle change on organizational structures, the role of accountants, accounting education, and student preparation for the competitive market.

The Impact of Regulatory Compliance on Agile Software Processes with a Focus on the FDA Guidelines for Medical Device Software

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mehrfard ◽  
Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Extreme Programming ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Medical Device Software ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fda Regulations

The difficulty of complying with different regulations has become more evident as a large number of regulated businesses are mandated to follow an ever-increasing set of regulations. These regulations often drive significant changes in the way organizations operate to deliver value to their customers. This paper focuses on the impact of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations on agile software development processes, which in many ways can be considered as just another type of organizational processes. Particular focus is placed on the ability for Extreme Programming (XP) to support FDA requirements. Findings show that XP fails to meet many of the FDA guidelines for medical device software, which increases the risks of non-compliance for organizations that have adopted XP as their main software process. The results of this study can lead the work towards designing an extension to XP for FDA regulations.

scholarly journals Tritium contaminated soil in sites for Semipalatinsk above-ground nuclear tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
L.V. Timonova ◽  
◽  
О.N. Lyakhova ◽  
А.О. Aidarkhanov ◽  
Z.B. Serzhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atmospheric Fallout ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Tritium Content ◽  
Tritium Production ◽  
Nuclear Explosions ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Nuclear Tests

Semipalatinsk above-ground nuclear tests caused atmospheric fallout and radioactive contam-ination of the environment that resulted in the synthesis of great amount of radioisotopes. Triti-um was the basic isotope generated in the soil as a result of above-ground nuclear tests. Previ-ously many researchers believed that tritium contamination of the soil occurred in sites for un-derground nuclear tests only. The research of tritium content in areas for above-ground nuclear tests was not taken into consideration. However, during the work in the site for above-ground tests “Experimental Field”, we examined the tritium content in soil and numerically estimated the specific activity of 3H. Because the radioisotope may be produced from the following activa-tion reactions while nuclear explosions: 6Li3 + n → 4He2 + 3Н; 10B5 + n → 24He2 + 3Н; 14N + n → 12C + 3Н, as well as 151Eu63 + n → 152Eu63 , we selected soil samples to test for 3H, as well as for 152Eu. Then analysis results were compared for establishing relationship between the isotopes and investigating the mechanism of 3H production. The article presents results of detailed study of soil contaminated with tritium in the “Experimental Field” site. 3H content in soil and the iso-tope distribution in epicenter zones of technical sites and in sites located in different distance from the epicenter are presented. Correlated dependence of the 3Н content on the 152Eu content that allowed us to discover the basic mechanism of the tritium production, that was a neutron-activation reaction occurred at the time of above-ground nuclear tests.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATION ON SPRING RAPE VULNERABILITY BYDOWNY MILDEW IN FOREST GRAY SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Regina Osipova ◽  
Minnegali Gilyazov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spring Rape

The work is devoted to the assessment of the impact of a single oil pollution of the soil on the yield and disease incidence of spring rape plants (Brassica napus L.). The study was conducted in experimental site of agrochemistry and soil science department of Kazan State Agrarian University, which is located in Predkamye zone of Tatarstan Republic. The soil in experimental site is clay loamy gray forest soil, which is typical for this zone. The main nutrient properties of uncontaminated soil was low content of humus, slightly high content of labile Phosphorous and moderate availability of labile Potassium, the pH was slightly acid. The soil was intentionally contaminated by crude oil on soil surface at the rates of 10, 20 and 40 l/m2. Based on the previous research, the contamination levels in this study are presented as low, moderate and high levels. The yield of oilseeds of spring rape was closely correlated with the level of one-time pollution of gray forest soil with crude oil over at least 15 years. The results showed that the increase of downy mildew abundance (R2=0,8804) and development(R2=0,8610) correlated with the soil contamination level. Consequently, both abundance and development of downy mildew induced asignificant negative effect on the yield of the main and side rape production. The strength of oil seeds production correlation with the level of plant infection (R2=0,8652÷0,8759) was more significant as compared to the correlation strength with the decrease of rape shoot yield (R2=0,8013÷0,8192)

The Role of Tetronics Plasma Vitrification Technology in the Management and Conditioning of Nuclear Waste

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Deegan ◽  
Charlie Scales
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Market Consolidation ◽  
The Impact

Plasma Arc Technology is finding wider application in the treatment of hazardous waste materials an area which has a lot of synergy with radioactive waste management. It is being stimulated by the increasing demands of regulatory and economic drivers; currently, within the Integrated Waste Management (IWM) sector, there is a climate of rising costs, limited numbers of technological solutions, restricted access to traditional disposal based solutions and a significant levels of market consolidation. Traditionally, the IWM sector has operated with basic mixing technology solutions: e.g. physiochemical consolidation, physiochemical separation, neutralisation and basic material bulking, with ultimate reliance on landfill, cement based encapsulation and high temperature incineration (HTI). The impact of national statutes, the value of national liabilities and infrastructural deficiencies is demanding constant technological advancement for continued regulatory compliance. This paper presents information on Tetronics’ plasma based solution, for the treatment of Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) and Plutonium Containing Material (PCM).

The Impact of Regulatory Compliance on Agile Software Processes with a Focus on the FDA Guidelines for Medical Device Software

2013 ◽  
pp. 298-314
Author(s):  
Hossein Mehrfard ◽  
Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Extreme Programming ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Medical Device Software ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Agile Software ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fda Regulations

The difficulty of complying with different regulations has become more evident as a large number of regulated businesses are mandated to follow an ever-increasing set of regulations. These regulations often drive significant changes in the way organizations operate to deliver value to their customers. This paper focuses on the impact of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations on agile software development processes, which in many ways can be considered as just another type of organizational processes. Particular focus is placed on the ability for Extreme Programming (XP) to support FDA requirements. Findings show that XP fails to meet many of the FDA guidelines for medical device software, which increases the risks of non-compliance for organizations that have adopted XP as their main software process. The results of this study can lead the work towards designing an extension to XP for FDA regulations.

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