scholarly journals Factors Determining Rice Farm Households’ Adoption of Organic Farming in Taiwan

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Min-Han Tsai ◽  
Yun-Cih Chang ◽  
Ting-Ya Yang ◽  
Yir-Hueih Luh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Full Time ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Part Time ◽  
On Farm

The adoption of environmentally friendly farming practices, such as organic farming, is promoted as a promising option for meeting the sustainable development goals in Taiwan. Taking the paddy rice as an example, this study examines the determining factors of organic farming adoption with an emphasis on farm households’ socio-economic characteristics. Based on data drawn from the 2015 Census of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Animal Husbandry, rice farm households’ adoption of organic farming is defined as allocating part of the farmland to rice plantation without using any chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In line with previous research, farm operators’ age, educational level and on-farm workdays are found to be significant determinants of organic farming adoption. Socio-economic characteristics of the farm household are also found to be relevant to the adoption decision. The results suggest that household-level human capital such as proportion of middle-aged or elder members, and proportion of members with college degree, have significantly positive effect on the adoption probability. Since organic farming is more labor-demanding than conventional farming, this study performs a further analysis to examine the differences in the determining factors between full-time and part-time households. Relative to the young operators, middle-aged operators in the full-time households are found to be less likely to adopt organic farming, whereas the elder operators in the part-time households have a higher adoption probability. Additionally, share of members with a college degree is found to be another significant driving factor of adoption, which is however only true for the part-time households. Exploring the diverse impacts of socio-economic factors for the two groups of households contributes to the extant literature by narrowing the gap in understanding the relation between farm management strategy and organic farming adoption.

The rationale of part-time farming: empirical evidence from Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mittenzwei ◽  
Stefan Mann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Part Time ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Outside farming, pluriactivity is generally considered as undesirable, whereas agricultural economists tend to recommend part-time farming. This contradiction is to be solved. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Linking tax-payer and statistical farm-level data from Norway, the authors tested how profitable part-time farming is for Norwegian farm households. Findings The analysis showed that concentrating on either working on-farm or off-farm generates a higher household income than combining the two. Practical implications Part-time farming may be a lifestyle decision, but apparently is not economically optimal for most farms. Originality/value The contribution solves an apparent contradiction between the discourses inside and outside agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact of Federal Fiscal-Monetary Policy on Farm Structure

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luther Tweeten
Keyword(s):  
Price Level ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Capital Labor Ratio ◽  
Farm Structure ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Part Time ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of federal fiscal-monetary (FM) policy on farm structure. FM policy is multifaceted but is confined here mainly to policies influencing aggregate demand. Inflation is defined as an increase in the general price level. Farm structure refers to farm size and numbers, tenure, legal organization, investment, capital-labor ratio, productivity, and status (part-time or full-time farming).

Technology adoption by small-scale full-time and part-time family farm households in the subtropics of Jammu & Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Rajinder Peshin ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Laxmi K Sharma ◽  
Sudhakar Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time

scholarly journals Decomposition of Income Distribution Among Farm Families

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill L. Findeis ◽  
Venkateshwar K. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Regional Income Inequality ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The greater reliance of U.S. farm families on off-farm income has implications for the structure of agriculture and the distribution of income within agriculture. Using annual data on farm households from the Current Population Survey, the degree of income inequality for the U.S. and by region is assessed for 1984. The distribution of income among farm families is decomposed by income source. Off-farm income is shown to contribute to higher average incomes and reduce income inequality at the margin, but only in regions where full-time farming predominates. In the Northeast and South, increases in off-farm income increase regional income inequality.

An Integrative Literature Review on the Barriers Impacting Adult Learners’ Return to College

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kobena Osam ◽  
Matt Bergman ◽  
Denise M. Cumberland
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
College Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Student Body ◽  
College Population ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Return To College

The composition of the college population has shifted from a bastion of full-time 18- to 22-year-old students to a far more diverse population that typically works part-time or full-time, has greater family commitments, is over 24, and is juggling various competing responsibilities while attending college. This shift has prompted researchers to examine the challenges that this student body of adult learners face in their pursuit of a college education. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to offer an updated synthesis of empirical findings on the barriers faced by adult learners who are seeking a college degree. In addition, this review offers potential solutions to college institutions to help their adult learners overcome the barriers they face.

Beacon of Hope

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Cherrstrom ◽  
Carrie J. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Students ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
College Degree ◽  
Leadership Studies ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time

Many Americans dream of completing a college degree, positively influencing wages and economic mobility. The number of students entering college or returning to college later in life is growing. Up to 75% of university enrollments are comprised of students in one or more of the following circumstances: 25 years old or older, attend school part-time, work full-time, parents. These students, described in the literature as non-traditional or post-traditional students, have different needs from traditionally-aged students. The award-winning Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences (BAAS) program, in Texas State University's Department of Occupational, Workforce, and Leadership Studies (OWLS), provides a pathway for post-traditional students to earn a college degree. This article features the voices of post-traditional students and discusses background information as context. The work of Malcolm Knowles and his ideas about andragogy serve as a framework for analyzing the BAAS program as well as implications and future.

Part-Time Farming and its Implications for the Rural Landscape: A Preliminary Analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Munton ◽  
S J Whatmore ◽  
T K Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Part Time

Part-time farm businesses are assuming an increased importance within the structure of British agriculture. It is often suggested that their reduced dependence on the financial and technological treadmills driving farm development leads them to have less impact than full-time producers on the farmed landscape. Some evidence in support of this view, drawn from a survey of landscape change between 1970 and 1985 on more than 200 farms in southern England, is presented. At the same time, the findings caution against generalisation and emphasise the need to disaggregate the results. In particular, it is essential to ascertain the different roles part-time farming is playing in the development of capitalist agriculture and the strategies of farm households. There is as much variation in the rates of landscape change between types of part-time business as between full-time and part-time farming.

Exploring Barriers to Doctoral Education in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Insights From Practicing Professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552-1563
Author(s):  
Denise A. Tucker ◽  
Mary V. Compton ◽  
Sarah J. Allen ◽  
Robert Mayo ◽  
Celia Hooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy

Purpose The intended purpose of this research note is to share the findings of a needs assessment online survey of speech and hearing professionals practicing in North Carolina to explore their interest in pursuing a research-focused PhD in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) and to document their perceptions of barriers to pursing a PhD in CSD. In view of the well-documented shortage of doctor of philosophy (PhD) faculty to attract, retain, and mentor doctoral students to advance research and to prepare future speech and hearing professionals, CSD faculty must assess the needs, perceptions, and barriers prospective students encounter when considering pursuing a doctoral research degree in CSD. Method The article describes the results of a survey of 242 speech and hearing professionals to investigate their interest in obtaining an academic research-focused PhD in CSD and to solicit their perceived barriers to pursuing a research doctoral degree in CSD. Results Two thirds of the respondents (63.6%) reported that they had considered pursuing a PhD in CSD. Desire for knowledge, desire to teach, and work advancement were the top reasons given for pursuing a PhD in CSD. Eighty-two percent of respondents had no interest in traditional full-time study. Forty-two percent of respondents indicated that they would be interested in part-time and distance doctoral study. The barriers of time, distance, and money emerged as those most frequently identified barriers by respondents. Conclusion The implications inform higher education faculty on how they can best address the needs of an untapped pool of prospective doctoral students in CSD.

The Concept of Nontraditional Student

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Treinienė Daiva
Keyword(s):  
Nontraditional Students ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Nontraditional Student ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Abstract Nontraditional student is understood as one of the older students enrolled in formal or informal studies. In the literature, there is no detailed generalisation of nontraditional student. This article aims to reveal the concept of this particular group of students. Analysing the definition of nontraditional students, researchers identify the main criteria that allow to provide a more comprehensive concept of the nontraditional student. The main one is the age of these atypical students coming to study at the university, their selected form of studies, adult social roles status characteristics, such as family, parenting and financial independence as well as the nature of work. The described features of the nontraditional student demonstrate how the unconventional nontraditional student is different from the traditional one, which features are characteristic for them and how they reflect the nontraditional student’s maturity and experience in comparison with younger, traditional students. Key features - independence, internal motivation, experience, responsibility, determination. They allow nontraditional students to pursue their life goals, learn and move towards their set goals. University student identity is determined on the basis of the three positions: on the age suitability by social norms, the learning outcomes incorporated with age, on the creation of student’s ideal image. There are four students’ biographical profiles distinguished: wandering type, seeking a degree, intergrative and emancipatory type. They allow to see the biographical origin of nontraditional students, their social status as well as educational features. Biographical profiles presented allow to comprise the nontraditional student’s portrait of different countries. Traditional and nontraditional students’ learning differences are revealed by analysing their need for knowledge, independence, experience, skill to learn, orientation and motivation aspects. To sum up, the analysis of the scientific literature can formulate the concept of the nontraditional student. Nontraditional student refers to the category of 20-65 years of age who enrolls into higher education studies in a nontraditional way, is financially independent, with several social roles of life, studying full-time or part-time, and working full-time or part-time, or not working at all.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document