scholarly journals Current and Prospective Strategies in the Varietal Improvement of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Specially Heterosis Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2217
Author(s):  
K. M. Rezaul Karim ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Azizah Binti Misran ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Bin Ismail ◽  
Abdul Rahim Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Common Spices

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an herbaceous crop and plays an important role as common spices and vegetables. Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is one of the most cost-effective and agricultural vegetables in the world. The most significant characteristics of peppers, as spices and in various pharmacological uses, are pungency and oleoresin (color). Cabsicum annuum L. is widely used as a medicinal herb and in the Mediterranean diet (at the present, C. annuum var. acuminatum Fingerh. and Capsicum frutescens L. are considered synonyms of C. annuum L.). Capsicum annuum includes a wide range of carotenoids including capsanthin, capsorubin, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, fanthophyl, and xanthophyll, and capsaicinoid. However, it remains limited in production due to the lack of development in varieties especially under severe climatic circumstances such as drought, high temperature, or salt. Some reports were provided through distinct traditional approaches for genetic improvement. A combination of traditional and molecular breeding, especially breeding for heterosis, might be a good option for developing a novel genotype for ecologically adversely affected niche adaption. This review summarizes the current chilli breeding approaches with their drawbacks and highlights some recent classical efforts for the improvement of the crop. This would be the milestone for the breeders in the planning of a successful chilli breeding program to combat the adverse ecological condition. Thus, the information gathered in this article might be considered as the cornerstone of Chilli breeders at their ongoing and sustainable future programs as well.

Rapid isocratic HPLC analysis of beta-carotene in red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) and food preparations

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weissenberg ◽  
A. Levy ◽  
I. Schaeffler ◽  
E. Menagem ◽  
M. Barzilai
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Isocratic Hplc ◽  
Red Peppers

scholarly journals Caracterização da composição centesimal, físico-química, compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante da pimenta jalapenho (Capsicum annuum var. annuum jalapenho)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e56410212785
Author(s):  
Carla Adriana Ferrari Artilha-Mesquita ◽  
Grasiele Scaramal Madrona
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Capsicum Spp

A pimenta Capsicum spp. é uma especiaria utilizada de diversas formas na alimentação, in natura ou industrializada, e em várias culturas gastronômicas. O rico perfil bioativo e de propriedade antioxidante atribuídos as pimentas destaca a espécie Capsicum annuum var. annuum “jalapenho” por apresentar características sensoriais e nutricionais que favorecem seu consumo e processamento industrial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal caracterizar a pimenta jalapenho (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) em sua composição centesimal, físico-química, de compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante. Os resultados demonstraram que o fruto de pimenta jalapenho apresentou valor nutricional semelhante as pimentas de sua espécie e também de outras espécies. As análises físico-química expressam resultados desejáveis para o processamento de produtos derivados da pimenta, com acidez moderada (0,41 ± 0,01 g.100g-1) e tonalidade incidindo entre o laranja e vermelha (hº = 55,17). A atividade antioxidante foi demonstrada através dos métodos de DPPH, FRAP e ABTS para os extratos aquosos do fruto de pimenta jalapenho, com 360,00 ± 5,00 µM ET.g-1, 121,47 ± 2,54 µM ESF.g-1 e 107,40 ± 1,16 µM ET.g-1, respectivamente, obtendo maior atividade pelos métodos FRAP e ABTS. Os compostos bioativos apresentaram teores de 474,64 ± 12,26 mg EAG.100g-1 de compostos fenólicos, 112,88 ± 0,36 mg EQ.100g-1 de flavonoides totais, 3,79 ± 0,26 mg.100g-1 de β-caroteno e 2,72 ± 0,19 mg.100g-1 de licopeno, demonstrando que a pimenta jalapenho é uma fonte expressiva destes compostos bioativos sendo uma matéria-prima de interesse para indústria de alimentos.

scholarly journals ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА  БАКТЕРИЙ-АНТАГОНИСТОВ RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ИЗ РИЗОСФЕРЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ПЕРЦА

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
V.Z. Nguyen ◽  
T.O. Dao ◽  
T.H. Nguyen ◽  
E.A. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Перец овощной (Capsicum annuum L.) является одной из основных возделываемых культур Вьетнама в связи с широким его использованием в пищевой промышленности в качестве приправы. Это делает данное растение важной сельскохозяйственной культурой, которая приносит значительный доход вьетнамским фермерам. Однако на плантациях перца часто наблюдается появление и развитие болезни ризоктониоз, которую вызывает патогенный гриб Rhizoctonia solani, а также наблюдается бактериальное увядание, вызываемое бактерией Ralstonia solanacearum. Поражение ризоктониозом, одной из самых вредных болезней перца, может наблюдаться в любой фазе развития растений. Известно, что ризобактерии способны не только стимулировать рост растений, но и подавлять развитие болезней. Цель данной работы выделение из ризосферы растений перцев бактерий, ингибирующих развитие Rhizoctonia solani и оценка in vitro их фосфатрастворяющей активности и секреции сидерофора. Из различных почвенных образцов, отобранных с полей коммун Ан Хань, Ан Нинь, Кунь Ми, района Кунь Фу, провинции Тхай Бинь, выделено 48 штаммов бактерий, из которых были отобраны 5 штаммов (АТ 16 VK 4.7 VK 4.8 VK 4.12 VK 4.13), обладающих высокой ингибирующей активностью по отношению к Rhizoctonia solani, которая составила 11,11 62,22. Показано, что эти штаммы обладают способностью синтезировать такой фитогормон, как индолилуксусную кислоту (ИУК) (с 9,54 мг/мл до 31,06 мг/мл), растворять труднорастворимые фосфатные соединения и секрецировать сидерофор. Из 5 выделенных штаммов только у штамма АТ 16 данные способности выражены более сильно. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что изученные штаммы обладают хорошим потенциалом для использования их в качестве биологических агентов, контролирующих развитие R. solani на растениях перца.Peppers or chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is widely grown in Vietnam because they bring considerable income to farmers. On pepper fields, diseases such as rhizoctonia, Rhizoctoniasolani caused by fungus, bacterial wilt by Ralstoniasolanacearum are often observed. Rhizoctoniasolani causes a wide range of significant diseases such as collar rot, root rot, damping offin horticultural and field crops.The diseases caused by rhizoctonia are one of the most harmful diseases on peppers, can be observed in any phase of plant development. Rhizobacteria that stimulate plant growth can be used to improve plant growth and suppress plant diseases. The purpose of this work is to isolate bacteria from the pepper rhizosphere that inhibit Rhizoctoniasolani and evaluate in vitro their phosphate solubilizing activity and production of siderophore. Of the different soil samples taken from the pepper fields of An Thanh, An Ninh, Quynh My, QuynhPhudistrict, ThaiBinh province, 48 bacterial strains were isolated. Of these, 5 strains (AT16, VK 4.7, VK 4.8, VK 4.12, VK 4.13) expressed as higher inhibitory Rhizoctoniasolani activity were selected. Their inhibitory activity is from 11.11 to 62.22. These strains have the ability to synthesize phytohormone IAA (from 9.54 g / ml to 31.06g / ml), solubilize the phosphate compounds and productsiderophore. Strain AT16 more effective expresses these abilities in comparison with 4 other strains. These results suggest that the selected strains have excellent potential for use as biologically controlled agents of R. solani on pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.).

scholarly journals Effect of planting dates and varieties on growth, fruit yield and quality of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 734-738
Author(s):  
Sagar Koner ◽  
Ranjit Chatterjee ◽  
Suchand Datta
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is highly sensitive to temperature variation and high temperature promotes flower drops and reduce fruit yield. An experiment was undertaken to identify suitable planting time of bell pepper and stable performed varieties for different plating dates during the winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at U.B.K.V., Pundibari, West Bengal, India. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 3 replications. Three planting dates (15th November, 30th November and 15th December) were allotted in sub plots while 4 varieties (Mekong, California Wonder, JK Peeyali and Asha) were placed in main plots. Bell pepper responded differently with the changes in planting dates irrespective of years. The 30th November planting date emerged best in terms of different and growth and yield attributes. Among the varieties, Mekong emerged as superior in terms of more number of fruits (10.24), fruit weight (65.50 g) and yield (670.76 g/plant and 18.11 t/ha) while maximum beta carotene and vitamin C were recorded in the variety California Wonder (0.071 μg/100g fresh fruits, 154.80 mg/100g fresh fruits, respectively). The interaction effect showed that variety Mekong transplanted on 15th December resulted in many fold improvement in the form of highest leaf area (8.79 cm2), maximum number of fruits/ plant, fruit weight (86.93 g) and fruit yield (854.69 g/plant and 23.08 t/ha). The result established that 30th November is ideal for bell pepper planting and the variety Mekong is the most stable performing variety with respect to the different planting dates.

scholarly journals Characterization and genetic variability analysis in Capsicum annuum L. germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
L Das
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Corolla Colour ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem Colour

  Fifty three genotypes of Capsicum annuum L. collected from different parts of the West Bengal, India were characterized for 23 characters namely, stem colour, plant growth habit, branching habit, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf margin, leaf colour, leaf pubescence, pigment at node, flower per axil, corolla colour, anther colour, calyx margin, mature fruit colour at intermediate stage, fruit shape, fruit position, fruit adherence to the calyx, fruit shape at pedicel attachment, blossom end fruit shape, ascorbic acid content of the fruit, capsaicin in red fruit and colour value of the ripe fruit. These genotypes upon cataloguing showed distinct variations with respect to vegetative, inflorescence, fruit and quality characters. A wide range of variation was also observed among the genotypes for several morphological, fruit and quality characters. Among the different characters, white corolla colour showed 100 % frequency and higher frequency was also recorded in single flower per axil (86.79 %), number pigmentation at node (83.02 %) and green fruit colour (69.81%) at intermediate stage. Predominance of single descriptor state was found in more than 50 % genotypes for 15 characters. Based on the D2 value 53 genotypes were grouped into 17 clusters and results indicated that Cluster I and Cluster VII comprised with 29 and 9 genotypes respectively. Rest of clusters consisted of one genotype in each case. Variability studies revealed that there was a wide range of variability for all the characters studied. High heritability along with higher genetic advance (as a %age of mean) was found in capsaicin content in fruit, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and primary branches per plant. These characters may be considered as reliable selection indices as they are possibly governed by additive gene effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18387 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 91-103 (2013)

scholarly journals Growth of four types of Capsicum spp. in substrates under a protected environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 902-912
Author(s):  
Francisco Ruiz-Espinoza ◽  
Juan Rodríguez-Ortiz ◽  
Félix Beltrán-Morales ◽  
Fernando Carballo-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Chili Peppers

Plant growth depends on environmental conditions, management conditions and soil conditions, which is why in this research we evaluated the growth of chili peppers in a sand-based substrate, under a protected environment. The treatments evaluated were: 1) soil (control), 2) sand, 3) sand-perlite (4:1) and 4) sand-perlite (1.5:1), which were established under a completely randomized design with six replications. The species used were Capsicum annuum L. Hungarian, serrano and jalapeño types, and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. apple type. The sand-perlite mixtures benefited the growth of the chili peppers, with respect to soil and sand. Therefore, sand-perlite mixtures should be considered as an alternative to produce chili peppers in containers.

scholarly journals Identificación de fuentes de resistencia a pudriciones de la raíz en germoplasma de chile serrano (Capsicum annuum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Méndez Aguilar ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez Guerra ◽  
Moisés Ramírez Meraz ◽  
María Genoveva Álvarez Ojeda ◽  
Enrique Vázquez García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Capsicum Spp

En México las pérdidas en la producción de chile (Capsicum spp.) ocasionadas por infección con Phytophthora capsici Leo; han llegado a ser de hasta 100% en áreas específicas del Bajío y Puebla, por lo que se ha planteado enfrentar el problema fitosanitario mediante la búsqueda de resistencia genética en accesiones de chile serrano obtenidas a partir de colectas en diferentes regiones del país. En el presente trabajo de investigación se utilizó el marcador SCAR OpD04.717 para identificar fuentes de resistencia a dicho patógeno a nivel molecular, se consideraron las accesiones con resistencia a P. capsici cuando amplificaron una banda de 717 pb. Así también se realizaron pruebas de reacción a P. capsici bajo condiciones in vitro, con la cepa PCT-17 previamente aislada, y se obtuvo el porcentaje de supervivencia de 142 accesiones de chile más los dos testigos (SCM334, resistente y MIRASOL, susceptible al hongo). La accesión que mostró mayor resistencia a la cepa fue BGS41 en comparación con SCM334. Únicamente se identificaron accesiones de chile serrano con resistencia a P. capsici mediante pruebas de reacción in vitro. La no identificación de fuentes de resistencia al hongo a nivel molecular en accesiones de chile serrano se pudo deber a que la presencia de un alelo marcador asociado con un locus de resistencia en una accesión/población determinada no implica necesariamente la misma asociación en diferentes accesiones. Se identificaron accesiones de chile serrano con utilidad potencial como nuevas fuentes de resistencia a pudriciones de la raíz (P. capsici) para programas de mejoramiento genético tradicional pero no para selección asistida por marcadores (MAS) mediante OpD04.717.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

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