Changes in Soil Organic Carbon and Its Labile Fractions after Land Conversion from Paddy Fields to Woodlands or Corn Fields

Land use change could significantly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) and other soil chemical properties. However, the responses of soil labile C fractions at different soil depths to land-use change are not still clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of paddy field conversion on woodlands or corn fields on total soil organic C (TOC) and its labile C fractions including particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), and potassium permanganate-oxidizable C (KMnO4–C) along a 0–100 cm soil profile. Our results indicate that soil TOC concentrations increased by 3.88 g kg−1 and 3.47 g kg−1 in the 0–5 cm soil layer and 5.33 g kg−1 and 4.68 g kg−1 in the 5–20 cm soil layer during 13 years after the conversion from paddy fields to woodlands and corn fields, respectively. In the 20–40 cm soil layer, the woodlands had the highest TOC concentration (12.3 g kg−1), which was 5.13 g kg−1 and 3.5 g kg−1 higher than that of the paddy and corn fields, respectively. The increase in TOC was probably due to the absence of soil disturbance and greater root residue input into the woodland soil. In corn fields, pig manure addition contributed to the increase in soil organic C concentrations. In addition, the proportion of soil KMnO4–C increased after conversion from paddy fields to woodlands or corn fields in the 0–40 cm soil layer, ranging from 39.9–56.6% for the woodlands and 24.6–32.9% for the corn fields. The soil POC content was significantly higher in woodland and corn field soils than in paddy field soils at lower soil depths (5–40 cm). However, there were no differences in MBC contents in the whole soil profile between the woodlands and paddy fields. The KMnO4–C and MBC was the most important factor affecting the CMI values through the whole 0–100 cm soil profile. Overall, converting paddy fields to woodlands or corn fields increased the TOC and labile C fractions in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Future studies should focus on the response of the deeper soil C pool to land-use change.

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Ecological and Environmental Effects of Estuarine Wetland Loss Using Keyhole and Landsat Data in Liao River Delta, China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Hongyan Yin ◽

Yuanman Hu ◽

Miao Liu ◽

Chunlin Li ◽

Jiujun Lv

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Wetland Loss ◽

Ecological Effects ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Estuarine Wetland

An estuarine wetland is an area of high ecological productivity and biodiversity, and it is also an anthropic activity hotspot area, which is of concern. The wetlands in estuarine areas have suffered declines, which have had remarkable ecological impacts. The land use changes, especially wetland loss, were studied based on Keyhole and Landsat images in the Liao River delta from 1962 to 2016. The dynamics of the ecosystem service values (ESVs), suitable habitat for birds, and soil heavy metal potential ecological risk were chosen to estimate the ecological effects with the benefit transfer method, synthetic overlaying method, and potential ecological risk index (RI) method, respectively. The driving factors of land use change and ecological effects were analyzed with redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the built-up area increased from 95.98 km2 in 1962 to 591.49 km2 in 2016, and this large change was followed by changes in paddy fields (1351.30 to 1522.39 km2) and dry farmland (189.5 to 294.14 km2). The area of wetlands declined from 1823.16 km2 in 1962 to 1153.52 km2 in 2016, and this change was followed by a decrease in the water area (546.2 to 428.96 km2). The land use change was characterized by increasing built-up (516.25%), paddy fields (12.66%) and dry farmland (55.22%) areas and a decline in the wetland (36.73%) and water areas (21.47%) from 1962–2016. Wetlands decreased by 669.64 km2. The ESV values declined from 6.24 billion US$ to 4.46 billion US$ from 1962 to 2016, which means the ESVs were reduced by 19.26% due to wetlands being cultivated and the urbanization process. The area of suitable habitat for birds decreased by 1449.49 km2, or 61.42% of the total area available in 1962. Cd was the primary soil heavy metal pollutant based on its concentration, accumulation, and potential ecological risk contribution. The RDA showed that the driving factors of comprehensive ecological effects include wetland area, Cd and Cr concentration, river and oil well distributions. This study provides a comprehensive approach for estuarine wetland cultivation and scientific support for wetland conservation.

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Long-term effects of fertilisers and organic sources on soil organic carbon fractions under a rice–wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of north-west India

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 296 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Das ◽

B. S. Dwivedi ◽

V. K. Singh ◽

S. P. Datta ◽

M. C. Meena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Organic C ◽

Labile C ◽

Labile C Fractions

Decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) content is considered a key constraint for sustenance of rice–wheat system (RWS) productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region. We, therefore, studied the effects of fertilisers and manures on SOC pools, and their relationships with crop yields after 18 years of continuous RWS. Total organic C increased significantly with the integrated use of fertilisers and organic sources (from 13 to 16.03gkg–1) compared with unfertilised control (11.5gkg–1) or sole fertiliser (NPKZn; 12.17gkg–1) treatment at 0–7.5cm soil depth. Averaged across soil depths, labile fractions like microbial biomass C (MBC) and permanganate-oxidisable C (PmOC) were generally higher in treatments that received farmyard manure (FYM), sulfitation pressmud (SPM) or green gram residue (GR) along with NPK fertiliser, ranging from 192 to 276mgkg–1 and from 0.60 to 0.75gkg–1 respectively compared with NPKZn and NPK+cereal residue (CR) treatments, in which MBC and PmOC ranged from 118 to 170mgkg–1 and from 0.43 to 0.57gkg–1 respectively. Oxidisable organic C fractions revealed that very labile C and labile C fractions were much larger in the NPK+FYM or NPK+GR+FYM treatments, whereas the less-labile C and non-labile C fractions were larger under control and NPK+CR treatments. On average, Walkley–Black C, PmOC and MBC contributed 29–46%, 4.7–6.6% and 1.16–2.40% towards TOC respectively. Integrated plant nutrient supply options, except NPK+CR, also produced sustainable high yields of RWS.

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Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 1: Historical trend and validation based on nation-wide soil monitoring

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-11-4429-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 4429-4442 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Y. Yagasaki ◽

Y. Shirato

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Upland Crop ◽

Soc Stock ◽

Stock Change ◽

Soc Stocks

Abstract. In order to estimate a country-scale soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in agricultural lands in Japan, while taking into account the effect of land-use changes, climate, different agricultural activities and the nature of soils, a spatially explicit model simulation system was developed using Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) with an integration of spatial and temporal inventories. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2008 with historical inventories. Simulated SOC stock was compared with observations in a nation-wide stationary monitoring program conducted during 1979–1998. Historical land-use change, characterized by a large decline in the area of paddy fields as well as a small but continuous decline in the area of orchards, occurred along with a relatively large increase in upland crop fields, unmanaged grasslands, and settlements (i.e. conversion of agricultural fields due to urbanization or abandoning). Results of the simulation on SOC stock change under varying land-use change indicated that land-use conversion from agricultural fields to settlements or other lands, as well as that from paddy fields to croplands have likely been an increasing source of CO2 emission, due to the reduction of organic carbon input to soils and the enhancement of SOC decomposition through transition of soil environment from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The area-weighted mean concentrations of the simulated SOC stocks calculated for major soil groups under paddy fields and upland crop fields were comparable to those observed in the monitoring. Whereas in orchards, the simulated SOC stocks were underestimated. As the results of simulation indicated that SOC stock change under managed grasslands and settlements has been likely a major sink and source of CO2 emission at country-scale, respectively, validation of SOC stock change under these land-use types, which could not have been accomplished due to limited availability or a lack of measurement, remains a forthcoming challenge.

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Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Sawah Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.9411 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 219-226

Author(s):

Yasfir Ma'arif ◽

Teuku Fauzi ◽

Safrida Safrida

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Selling Price ◽

Land Conversion ◽

Family Needs ◽

A Value ◽

The Social ◽

Positive Results

Abstrak Pertumbuhan penduduk dan dinamika pembangunan telah menggeser pemanfaatan lahan yang akhirnya menimbulkan kompleksitas permasalahan lahan yang semula berfungsi sebagai media bercocok tanam (pertanian), berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi multifungsi pemanfaatan. Berubahnya pemanfaatan lahan pertanian ke non pertanian dapat disebut juga sebagai alih fungsi lahan. Kabupaten Aceh Besar adalah salah satu kabupaten yang terus menghadapi permasalahan alih fungsi lahan, khususnya lahan sawah. Alih fungsi lahan ini mengakibatkan luas lahan sawah di Aceh Besar terus menurun. Lahan yang paling banyak mengalami alih fungsi lahan adalah jenis lahan sawah yang menjadi lahan non pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan sawah dan mengidentifikasi dampak sosial dan ekonomi yang dialami petani mantan pemilik lahan akibat alih fungsi lahan sawah menjadi lahan non pertanian. Berdasarkan hasil regresi secara parsial dari analisis regresi faktor harga jual, kebutuhan hidup dan kondisi lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap konversi lahan sawah di Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Bedasarkan hasil regresi secara serempak dari hasil regresi didapatkan bahwa harga jual, kebutuhan hidup dan kondisi lahan secara serempak mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Berdasarkan isu dampak sosial sebagai akibat alih fungsi lahan di lihat dari keinginan kondisi lama, meningkatkan rasa kerjasama dan kekeluargaan, serta kemampuan memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga mendapatkan hasil yang positif dengan nilai ≥ 50%. Berdasarkan isu dampak ekonomi sebagai akibat alih fungsi lahan di lihat dari peningkatan pendapatan mendapatkan hasil yang positif dengan nilai ≥ 50%.Impact Of Paddy Fields Function On Community Socio-Economic Conditions Of Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar RegencyAbstract Population growth and the dynamics of development have shifted land use which eventually led to the complexity of the problem of land that used to function as a farming medium (agriculture), gradually becoming a multifunctional use. Changing the use of agricultural land to non-agriculture can also be referred to as land conversion. Aceh Besar District is one of the districts that continues to face the problem of land conversion, especially rice fields. The conversion of this land function has caused the area of paddy fields in Aceh Besar to continue to decline. The land that has experienced the most land use change is the type of rice field that becomes non-agricultural land. This study aims to identify the factors that cause the conversion of paddy fields and identify the social and economic impacts experienced by farmers former landowners due to the conversion of paddy fields to non-agricultural land. Based on the partial regression results from the regression analysis, the factors of selling price, life necessity and land conditions have a significant effect on the conversion of paddy fields in Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar District. Based on the simultaneous regression results from the regression results, it was found that the selling price, life needs and land conditions simultaneously affected the conversion of paddy fields in Baitussalam District, Aceh Besar District. Based on the issue of social impacts as a result of land use change seen from the desires of the old conditions, increasing the sense of cooperation and kinship, as well as the ability to meet family needs get positive results with a value of ≥ 50%. Based on the issue of economic impact as a result of the transfer of land functions, it can be seen from the increase in income that has a positive result with a value of ≥ 50%.

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Variação de atributos do solo ao longo de três topossequências no planalto do Rio Grande do Sul (Variation of soil attribute along of three toposequence in the Rio Grande do Sul plateau)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v10.5.p1435-1454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1435

Author(s):

Viviane Capoane ◽

Tales Tiecher ◽

Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Rio Grande ◽

P Availability ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Organic C ◽

Topographic Position ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Total P

Este trabalho investigou os efeitos da topografia e das práticas de uso e manejo do solo na variabilidade de alguns atributos do solo ao longo de três topossequências localizadas no planalto do Rio Grande do Sul. As topossequências (Tps) estão inseridas em uma bacia hidrográfica situada no município de Júlio de Castilhos. Na Tp1 foram definidos quatro pontos de amostragem e na Tp2 e Tp3, cinco pontos. Em cada perfil foram coletadas amostras em 5 camadas de solo (0‒5, 5‒10, 10‒20, 20‒40 e 40‒60 cm). Em laboratório foram determinados os atributos: densidade, argila, pH em água, carbono (C) orgânico total, fósforo (P) total, P orgânico total, P disponível, óxidos de ferro (Fe) e alumínio (Al) cristalinos e amorfos. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o movimento de sedimentos em superfície e através do perfil do solo é controlado pela posição, forma e declividade da encosta e, pelas atividades antrópicas como o uso e manejo do solo e aplicação de fertilizantes. Considerando as classes de uso da terra, os maiores teores de C e P (total, orgânico e disponível) foram obtidos na área úmida, seguido da lavoura e campo nativo. Considerando a posição na encosta os teores de C e P foram maiores na baixada seguido da base da encosta, topo e meia encosta. A condição hidromórfica ao longo das topossequências desempenhou um papel importante na disponibilidade de P, acúmulo C orgânico total e solubilização dos óxidos de Fe e Al. A B ST R A C TThis work investigated the effects of topography and land use and soil management practices on the variability of some soil properties along three toposequences located in the Rio Grande do Sul plateau, Southern Brazil. The toposequences (Tps) evaluated are from a watershed located in the municipality of Júlio de Castilhos. Soil samples were taken in four points in Tp1 and in five points in Tp2 and Tp3. In each point samples were taken at five depths (0‒5, 5‒10, 10‒20, 20‒40, and 40‒60 cm). The soil properties evaluated were soil density, clay, pH in water, total organic carbon (C), total phosphorus (P), total organic P, available P, and amorphous and crystalline iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides. Results show that the transport of sediments on the surface and through the soil profile is controlled by topographic position, landform, slope, and also by the anthropic activities such as the use and management of the soil and the application of fertilizers. Considering the classes of land use, the highest levels of C and P (total, organic and available) were obtained in the wetlands, followed by the crop fields and natural grasslands. Considering the topographic position, the contents of C and P were higher in the floodplain followed by the base of the slope, top and middle slope. Hydromorphic conditions along the toposequences played an important role in P availability, total organic C accumulation and solubilization of Fe and Al oxides.keywords: Land use, topographic position, soil profile, soil properties.

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Land‐use change with pasture and short rotation eucalypts impacts the soil C emissions and organic C stocks in the Cerrado biome

Land Degradation and Development ◽

10.1002/ldr.3480 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 909-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafael da Silva Teixeira ◽

Ricardo Cardoso Fialho ◽

Daniela Cristina Costa ◽

Rodrigo Nogueira Sousa ◽

Rafael Silva Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Organic C ◽

Soil C ◽

Cerrado Biome ◽

Short Rotation ◽

C Stocks

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Effects of agricultural land use change on organic carbon and its labile fractions in the soil profile in an urban agricultural area

Land Degradation and Development ◽

10.1002/ldr.3388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (15) ◽

pp. 1875-1885 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Youlin Luo ◽

Qiquan Li ◽

Jie Shen ◽

Changquan Wang ◽

Bing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Agricultural Area ◽

Agricultural Land Use

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Responses of Soil Micro-Food Web to Land Use Change from Upland to Paddy Fields with Different Years of Rice Cultivation

Pedosphere ◽

10.1016/s1002-0160(15)60102-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 155-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ying LÜ ◽

Wei BAI ◽

Xuefeng WANG ◽

Qian CAI ◽

Wenju LIANG

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Food Web ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Paddy Fields

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Responses of seasonal and diurnal soil CO2 effluxes to land-use change from paddy fields to Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) stands

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 77 ◽

pp. 856-864 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Yongfu Li ◽

Scott X. Chang ◽

Peikun Jiang ◽

Guomo Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Phyllostachys Praecox

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Relationships between labile soil organic matter and nematode communities in a California oak woodland

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 1231-1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrew J. Margenot ◽

Amanda K. Hodson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Drift Spectroscopy ◽

Organic C ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Labile C ◽

Labile C Fractions ◽

Labile Soil Organic Matter

Labile soil organic matter (SOM) is an important energy source for below-ground ecosystems but the association of labile SOM and nematode communities is poorly characterised. In this study, soil nematode communities and nematode-derived indices of ecosystem function were characterised and related to SOM lability in an undisturbed riparian woodland (California, USA). SOM lability was assessed by microbial biomass C (MBC), permanganate-oxidisable C (POXC), extractable organic C (EOC), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The channel index, which measures the ratio of bacterial-feeding to fungal-feeding nematodes in cp groups 1 and 2, respectively, decreased with labile C fractions and aliphatic C-H enrichment (infrared absorbance at 2920 cm−1) but increased with aromatic C=C enrichment (1620 cm−1) and index of decomposition (2930:1620 cm−1), as did the nematode structure index. These results indicate that nematode communities respond to variation in labile C fractions and SOM composition across a heterogeneous natural landscape, which may reflect observed differences in SOM lability among woody plant species.

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