scholarly journals Efficiency of Methodologies Used in the Evaluation of the Weed Seed Bank under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
María Luisa Gandía ◽  
Juan Pablo Del Monte ◽  
María Inés Santín-Montanyá
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of two methodologies, seed germination (SG) and seed physical extraction SPE), to assess the weed community from two locations with different soil and climatic conditions: M, with dry and low soil fertility, and S with high soil humidity and fertility. Over three years of study, the analysis of both methodologies confirmed differences in seed bank composition. In M, fewer seeds were recorded by SG than SPE (13.5% and 86.5% respectively), while in S, the difference between percentages was less (31.58% by SG and 68.41% by SPE). Our findings confirmed that Portulaca oleracea L., Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and Chenopodium album L. were abundantly found in M. Anacyclus clavatus (Def.) Res. seeds were also found, mainly detected by SG. In S, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. was widely found. All species found in S were similarly detected by SG and SPE. The results confirmed that climatic and soil conditions influenced the efficiency of the methodology used to assess the seed bank. M conditions led to an increased seed reservoir, and both methodologies were necessary to obtain the seed bank composition. In S conditions, the seed bank was continuously renewed, and either one of methodologies defined the seed bank composition equally well.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage method and weeding regime on soil weed seed bank status and yield performance of wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
MJ Khatun ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Tillage Methods

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory and net house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2012 to March 2014. Wheat (cv. BARI Gom-26) was sown with two tillage methods viz., (i) conventional tillage and (ii) stale seedbed technique and nine weeding regimes viz., (i) Unweeded (Control), (ii) Weed free, (iii) Hand weeding (HW) at 15 Days after sowing (DAS), (iv) HW at 15 and 45 DAS, (v)   HW at 25 and 45 DAS (vi) HW at 25 DAS (vii) HW at 25 and 60 DAS (viii) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and (ix) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS + HW at 60 DAS. The design was split-plot with three replications where tillage method was assigned to the main plots and weeding regime to the sub plots. Conventionally tilled plots were infested with 12 weed species of which the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Polygonum coccineum L, Chenopodium album L, Cynodon dactylon L., Sonchus arvensis L. and Cyperus rotundus L. In stale seedbed out of 15 weed species Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk. was dominant instead of Chenopodium album L. and Sonchus arvensis L. identified in conventional tillage. In soil weed seed bank study, 28 species were identified in conventional tillage and 30 in stale seedbed. Among them annuals were dominant over perennials and broadleaves over grasses and sedges. In conventional tillage, the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Chenopodium album L., Hedyotis corymbosa L., Sonchus arvensis L., Polygonum coccineum L. and Rotala ramosior L. while in stale seedbed, five dominant weeds were Polygonum coccineum L., Chenopodium album L., Cynodon dactylon L., Lindernia procumbens Krock. and L. hyssopifolia L. Except the number of spikelets spike-1, rest of all other yield attributes and yield of wheat were affected significantly by the tillage methods. Stale seedbed technique yielded the higher grain (3.54 t ha-1) and the conventional tillage yielded the lower (3.13 t ha-1). The effect of weeding regime was significant on wheat except plant height and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (3.85 t ha-1) was recorded from weed free treatment followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest (3.22 t ha-1) from control. Interaction between the treatments was also. The highest grain yield (4.09 t ha-1) was recorded from the stale seedbed technique kept weed free followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest grain yield (3.04 t ha-1) recorded from the conventional tillage retained unweeded.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 9-19, 2016

Weed seed contamination in white clover seedlots

1990 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
A.A. Johnson ◽  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Californian Thistle

Weed seeds are the major reason for white clover (Trifolium repens) seedlots being downgraded or rejected from certification. The occurrence of weed species in 537 white clover seedlots tested at the Official Seed Testing Station, Palmerston North, was analysed. The most commonly occurring species were field madder (Sherardia arvensis), chickweed (Stellaria media), fathen (Chenopodium album), sheep's sorrel (Rumex acetosella) and scarlet pimpernel (Anagaflis arvensis). The percentage occurrence of four specified undesirable weeds including Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) and dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) are reported, and the implications of seed contamination are discussed. Keywords: white clover, contamination, weed seeds

scholarly journals Do Tillage Methods Affect Germination and Species Similarity of Soil Weed Seeds Bank?

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Hassan Shahgholi ◽  
Hassan Makarian ◽  
Behzad Shokati ◽  
Ghassem Hossein Talaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Asgharipour
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Tillage Methods

AbstractCultural practices such as tillage used for crop production influence the composition of the weed seed bank in the soil. In order to investigate the effects of different tillage methods on seed bank properties, species diversity and similarity, two laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2011. Treatments included: once tillage per year (T1), twice tillage per year (T2), more than twice tillage (T3) and no tillage (T4). Laboratory results showed that the T3 and T4 treatments had the highest and the lowest observed seeds numbers, respectively. Between the laboratory observed weed seeds, the maximum weed seed numbers were Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus in the T3 treatment, while Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Cuscuta campestris had the highest seed numbers in the T2 treatment. At the greenhouse study, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Hordeum morinum in the T2 treatment were dominant species. The highest diversity was observed in the T2 treatment, and Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli were dominant species in the T2 and T3 treatments. Maximum species similarity index was achieved from the T1 and T3 treatments. Thereby this study concluded that increasing of tillage number could affect the similarity index of weed seeds and subsequently alters the weed community composition.

Emergence of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media of different origins under different climatic conditions

Weed Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Grundy ◽  
N C B Peters ◽  
I A Rasmussen ◽  
K M Hartmann ◽  
M Sattin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Different Origins

scholarly journals Study of peculiarities of morphology and germination of seeds of Scabiosa ochroleuca from the Central Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Margarita Ishmuratova ◽  
◽  
Sayagul Tyrzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

The study of the biology and morphology of seed germination of medicinal plants is an important aspect of species introduction. This article investigated the features of the biology of germination and seed germination of a perspective medicinal plant Scabiosa ochroleuca depending on various factors. It is determined that seeds of some geographical origin differ in size and weight, the morphology of seedlings, which is explained by the difference in soil and climatic conditions. The best values of germination (90.5 %) and germination energy (80.3 %) of seeds were recorded in large samples collected in the Buiratau mountains, the minimum — in small seeds collected in the Karkaraly mountains (germination 14.0 %, germination energy 8.5 %). The maximum morphological parameters of seedlings, such as the length of the root, the length of the hypocotyl, the length and width of the cotyledon leaf, are revealed in seeds from the Karkaraly mountains; the minimum — from the vicinity of the village Karagaily. This aspect indicates the need to select seeds for introduction from certain habitats and to separate them before sowing. Stages of germination of seed material of this medicinal plant are defined, including the following: swelling of seeds, tilting, appearance of root, appearance and bending of hypocotyl, removal of cotyledon leaves, and deployment of cotyledon leaves. Dynamics of seeds germination during storage (from freshly harvested seeds up to 3 years) was determined, positive influence of stratification during 3 months was revealed to increase seed germination and germination energy. According to the results of the studies, it was determined that the seeds of Scabiosa ochroleuca are characterized by the lack of drainage during wetting, the terrestrial type of germination, shallow physiological rest, by the type of germination are assigned to the group of seeds with accelerated germination.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage simplifications and mineral fertilisation level on the number and distribution of weed seeds in soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Karol Bujak ◽  
Mariusz Frant ◽  
Bożenna Budzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Plough Layer

In the present paper, results of a study on the effect of a reduction in the number of ploughings in a crop rotation on the seed weed bank in the soil are presented. The study was carried out in the second and fourth year of a crop rotation (potato- spring wheat- pea- winter wheat). A reduction in the number of ploughings to three in the crop rotation decreased weed infestation of the plough layer, whereas when only one ploughing was made there was clearly more weed diaspores in the soil than after plough tillage. In the first period of the study, the mineral fertilisation level did not differentiate the weed seed bank in the soil, whereas after the end of the rotation its significant increase was noted as a result of more intensive fertilisation. In all the experimental treatments, diaspores of <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galinsoga</i> sp. and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> occurred in greatest numbers.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE ON WEED SEED GERMINATION IN PADDY SOIL SEED BANK

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.U.S Bandara ◽  
◽  
T.K Ilangakoon ◽  
H.M.M.K.K.H Dissanayaka ◽  
Y.M.S.H.I.U De Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed

scholarly journals Cover crops as a weed seed bank management tool: A soil down review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Sias ◽  
Bethany R. Wolters ◽  
Mark S. Reiter ◽  
Michael L. Flessner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weed Seed

This review explores ways that cover crops alter soil environmental conditions that can be used to decrease seed survival, maintain weed seed dormancy, and reduce germination cues, thus reducing above-ground weed pressures. Cover crops are grown between cash crops in rotation, and their residues persist into subsequent crops, impacting weed seeds both during and after cover crops’ growth. Compared to no cover crop, cover crops may reduce weed seedling recruitment and density via: i) reducing soil temperature and fluctuations thereof; ii) reducing light availability and altering light quality; and iii) trapping nitrogen in the cover crop, thus making it less soil-available to weeds. In addition, cover crops may provide habitat for above- and below-ground fauna, resulting in increased weed seed predation. The allelopathic nature of some cover crops can also suppress weeds. However, not all effects of cover crops discourage weeds, such as potentially increasing soil oxygen. Furthermore, cover crops can reduce soil moisture while actively growing but conserve soil moisture after termination, resulting in time-dependent effects. Similarly, decaying legume cover crops can release nitrogen into the soil, potentially aiding weeds. The multiplicity of cover crop species and mixtures, differing responses between weed species, environmental conditions, and other factors hampers uniform recommendations and complicates management for producers. But, cover crops that are managed to maximize biomass, do not increase soil nitrogen, and are terminated at or after cash crop planting will have the greatest potential to attenuate the weed seed bank. There are still many questions to be answered, such as if targeting management efforts at the weed seed bank level is agronomically worthwhile. Future research on cover crops and weed management should include measurements of soil seed banks, including dormancy status, predation levels, and germination. Highlights - Cover crops alter the weed seed bank environment, influencing survival, dormancy, and germination. - Weed seed germination may be reduced by decreased temperature and fluctuations thereof, light, and soil nitrogen. - Weed seed germination may be increased by greater soil moisture, soil nitrogen, and oxygen. - Management should maximize cover crop biomass, decrease soil nitrogen, and delay termination for the greatest potential. - Future research should include measurements of weed seed banks, including dormancy status, predation, and germination.

A Comparison of Threshold Strategies in Tomatoes and Soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Mayén ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference

Weed control strategies based on conserving crop yields rather than preventing weed seed production may result in increased weed densities and management costs over the long-term, particularly in less competitive crops such as tomatoes. The effect of crop, tillage, and duration of weed control on weed seed bank size and composition was examined from spring 2001 to spring 2003 near Lafayette, IN. Main plots in 2001 and 2002 contained soybean or tomato planted in rotation (soybean-tomato, tomato-soybean). Subplots were managed with either conventional or no-till practices. Sub-subplots contrasted threshold strategies in which weeds were either controlled for four to six weeks (period threshold, PT) or throughout the growing season (no-seed-threshold, NST). Seed banks were sampled annually in the spring. Emergent weeds were counted` at four and twelve weeks after planting (WAP) in 2001 and 2002. Weed seed banks did not significantly change in the NST plots in any year. However, seed bank densities increased substantially following tomatoes in PT plots. In contrast, weed seed bank densities decreased following soybeans in PT plots. The difference in seed banks and emergent weeds between soybean and tomatoes could be attributed primarily to greater suppression of giant foxtail by the soybean canopy. Giant foxtail control was greater in PT soybeans than in PT tomatoes in both years and giant foxtail comprised most of the PT tomato seed bank in 2002 and 2003. Tillage did not affect weed seed banks in any year. This study highlights the need to control later emerging weeds in tomatoes to prevent large increases in the weed seed bank.

scholarly journals The weed seed bank assessment in two soil depths under various mineral fertilising

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Hunková ◽  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Eva Demjanová
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
The Impact

The field trial at the experimental station of Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra - Kolíňany (Slovak Republic, maize growing region, Haplic Luvisol and Stagni-Haplic Luvisol) in 1997 year was established. Experiments were based on 14 ha area (424 x 432.2 m) by long strips method. The impact of different mineral fertilisers on six model crops was observed: winter wheat, spring barley, sunflower, winter oilseed rape, maize and sugar beet. Weed infestation of winter wheat, spring barley, maize and sugar beet as well as weed seed bank composition since 2000 year till 2002 year were detected. Three variants of mineral fertilisation were applied: variant 1 – without fertilisers, variant 2 – N-P-K fertilisation, steady state soil nutrients balance, variant 3 – high doses of N-P-K fertilisers (positive soil nutrients balance). Soil weed seed bank was analysed once per year before crop germination (on February) from depths 0–0.05 m and 0.20–0.25 m in five replicates. From the depth 0–0.05 m 26 weed species were found, from the depth 0.20–0.25 m 23 weed species, from late spring group mainly. Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Amaranthus spp. (77.57 % from intact seeds in total) were the most occurred weeds in both depths. The year, depth of soil sampling and fertilisation did not have statistically significant impact on weed seeds number in the soil.

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