scholarly journals Water Stress Permanently Alters Shoot Architecture in Common Bean Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Durigon ◽  
Jochem Evers ◽  
Klaas Metselaar ◽  
Quirijn de Jong van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Irrigation Deficit ◽  
Common Bean Plants

The effects of water stress on crop yield through modifications of plant architecture are vital to crop performance such as common bean plants. To assess the extent of this effect, an outdoor experiment was conducted in which common bean plants received five treatments: fully irrigated, and irrigation deficits of 30% and 50% applied in flowering or pod formation stages onwards. Evapotranspiration, number and length of pods, shoot biomass, grain yield and harvest index were assessed, and architectural traits (length and thickness of internodes, length of petioles and petiolules, length and width of leaflet blades and angles) were recorded and analyzed using regression models. The highest irrigation deficit in the flowering stage had the most pronounced effect on plant architecture. Stressed plants were shorter, leaves were smaller and pointing downward, indicating that plants permanently altered their exposure to sunlight. The combined effect of irrigation deficit and less exposure to light lead to shorter pods, less shoot biomass and lower grain yield. Fitted empirical models between water deficit and plant architecture can be included in architectural simulation models to quantify plant light interception under water stress, which, in turn, can supply crop models adding a second order of water stress effects on crop yield simulation.

Indigenous rhizobial strains SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 for common bean inoculation: A biotechnological tool for cleaner and more sustainable agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Bruno Britto Lisboa ◽  
Thomas Müller Schmidt ◽  
Arthur Henrique Ely Thomé ◽  
Raul Antonio Sperotto ◽  
Camila Gazolla Volpiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Phaseoli ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Common Bean Plants

Summary Inoculation of symbiotic N2-fixing rhizobacteria (rhizobia) in legumes is an alternative to reduce synthetic N fertiliser input to crops. Even though common bean benefits from the biological N2 fixation carried out by native rhizobia isolates, the low efficiency of this process highlights the importance of screening new strains for plant inoculation. Two rhizobial strains (SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107) previously showed great potential to improve the growth of common beans under greenhouse conditions. Thus, this study evaluated the growth and grain yield of common bean plants inoculated with those strains in field experiments. The rhizobial identification was performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the phylogeny showed that SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 are closely related to Rhizobium phaseoli, within a clade containing other 18 Rhizobium spp. type strains. Common bean plants inoculated with SEMIA 4107 showed similar productivity to N-fertilised (N+) plants in the first experiment (2016/17) and higher productivity in the second experiment (2018/19). The development of inoculated plants was different from that observed for N+. Nonetheless, comparing inoculated treatments with N-fertilised control, no yield or productivity losses at the end of the growing process were detected. Our results showed that inoculation of the rhizobial isolates SEMIA 4108 and SEMIA 4107 improved the growth and grain yield of common bean plants. The observed agronomical performance confirms that both strains were effective and can sustain common bean growth without nitrogen fertilisation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Phosphite as phosphorus source to grain yield of common bean plants grown in soils under low or adequate phosphate availability

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio William Ávila ◽  
Valdemar Faquin ◽  
Douglas Ramos Guelfi Silva ◽  
Carla Elisa Alves Bastos ◽  
Nilma Portela Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Availability ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Common Bean Plants

The effects of foliar and soil applied phosphite on grain yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a weathered soil under low and adequate phosphate availability were evaluated. In the first experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 7 + 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil P levels supplied as phosphate (40 e 200 mg P dm-3 soil), 7 soil P levels supplied as phosphite (0-100 mg P dm-3 soil), and 2 additional treatments (without P supply in soil, and all P supplied as phosphite). In the second experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil phosphate levels (40 e 200 mg P dm-3 soil), combined with 3 nutrient sources applied via foliar sprays (potassium phosphite, potassium phosphate, and potassium chloride as a control), and 2 foliar application numbers (single and two application). Additional treatments showed that phosphite is not P source for common bean nutrition. Phosphite supply in soil increased the P content in shoot (at full physiological maturity stage) and grains, but at the same time considerably decreased grain yield, regardless of the soil phosphate availability. Foliar sprays of phosphite decreased grain yield in plants grown under low soil phosphate availability, but no effect was observed in plants grown under adequate soil phosphate availability. In general, foliar sprays of phosphate did not satisfactorily improve grain yield of the common bean plants grown under low soil phosphate availability.

scholarly journals Growth, grain yield and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulation in common bean plants as related to calcium nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Da Silva Domingues ◽  
Nerinéia Dalfollo Ribeiro ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Micheli Thaise Della Flora Possobom ◽  
Allan Emanoel Mezzomo Zemolin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Calcium Nutrition ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Common Bean Plants

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN PLANTS TO ETHOXYSULFURON HERBICIDE AND THE MECHANISM INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D.B. PAGNONCELLIJR. ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
A. MACHADO ◽  
M. GALLON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Herbicide Detoxification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Bean Plants

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of herbicide ethoxysulfuron on the development of commom bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), to evaluate the impact of the herbicide on the crop grain yield and to determine the mechanism of tolerance of common bean to ethoxysulfuron. Field experiments were carried out with several doses of ethoxysulfuron to determine its effect on the grain yield of two varieties of common bean ("IPR Andorinha", "IPR Tangará"). The mechanism of plant tolerance was evaluated through several methods, including the analysis of the ALS enzyme sensitivity to herbicide and the use of P450 inhibitors (the insecticides malathion + chlorpyrifos) and the use of antidote (mefenpyr-diethyl). When the rate of ethoxysulfuron was 83.2 g ha-1, the grain yield loss reached 25% (IPR Tangará) and 35% (IPR Andorinha). The ALS enzyme activity was severely reduced even at low concentrations ethoxysulfuron (1 μM), indicating that the mechanism of tolerance is not the insensitivity of the herbicide target enzyme. The inhibitors of herbicide detoxification increased the sensitivity of the bean plants to ethoxysulfuron, and the antidote (stimulator of herbicide degradation) mitigated the herbicidal effect. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the mechanism of tolerance of common bean plants to ethoxysulfuron is enhanced herbicide detoxification.

scholarly journals Physiological and agronomic characteristics of the common bean as affected by multifunctional microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-618
Author(s):  
Cássia Cristina Rezende ◽  
◽  
Laylla Luanna de Mello Frasca ◽  
Mariana Aguiar Silva ◽  
Rafael Augusto Corrêa Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Common Bean Plants

Multifunctional microorganisms (MMs) can have beneficial effects on plants through direct and indirect mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the effect of MMs on shoot and root biomass production; gas exchange; content of macronutrients in the shoots, roots and grains; yield components; and grain yield of common bean plants. A completely randomized design with twenty-six treatments and three replications was used under controlled conditions. Treatments consisted of the application of MMs and their combinations in pairs, with the nine rhizobacteria isolates BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillus sp.), BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.), BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.), BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.), 1381 (Azospirillum sp.) and Ab-V5 (Azospirillum brasilense); an edaphic fungal isolate T-26 (Trichoderma koningiopsis); and a control (without MMs). These MMs were applied at three time points: microbiolization of the seeds, watering the soil seven days after sowing (DAS) and spraying the plants with 21 DAS. In comparison to the control plants, the isolates 1301 and T-26, in addition to the combinations Ab-V5 + T-26, BRM 32114 + BRM 32110 and 1381 + T-26, provided better results, with an increase of 36.5% in the grain yield, a higher accumulation of biomass (78.0%) and a higher content of N, P and K (42.6, 67.8 and 25.7%, respectively) in the shoots of common bean plants. Therefore, the results allow us to infer that the use of MMs is a good strategy for increasing common bean grain yields.

scholarly journals Relationships between grain yield and accumulation of biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in common bean cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelson Paulo Araújo ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Shoot Mass

Shoot biomass is considered a relevant component for crop yield, but relationships between biological productivity and grain yield in legume crops are usually difficult to establish. Two field experiments were carried out to investigate the relationships between grain yield, biomass production and N and P accumulation at reproductive stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars. Nine and 18 cultivars were grown on 16 m² plots in 1998 and 1999, respectively, with four replications. Crop biomass was sampled at four growth stages (flowering R6, pod setting R7, beginning of pod filling R8, and mid-pod filling R8.5), grain yield was measured at maturity, and N and P concentrations were determined in plant tissues. In both years, bean cultivars differed in grain yield, in root mass at R6 and R7 stages, and in shoot mass at R6 and R8.5, whereas at R7 and R8 differences in shoot mass were significant in 1998 only. In both years, grain yield did not correlate with shoot mass at R6 and R7 and with root mass at R6. Grain yield correlated with shoot mass at R8 in 1999 but not in 1998, with shoot mass at R8.5 and with root mass at R7 in both years. Path coefficient analysis indicated that shoot mass at R8.5 had a direct effect on grain yield in both years, that root mass at R7 had a direct effect on grain yield in 1998, and that in 1999 the amounts of N and P in shoots at R8.5 had indirect effects on grain yield via shoot mass at R8.5. A combined analysis of both experiments revealed that biomass accumulation, N and P in shoots at R6 and R7 as well as root mass at R6 were similar in both years. In 1998 however bean accumulated more root mass at R7 and more biomass and N and P in shoots at R8 and R8.5, resulting in a 57 % higher grain yield in 1998. This indicates that grain yield of different common bean cultivars is not intrinsically associated with vegetative vigor at flowering and that mechanisms during pod filling can strongly influence the final crop yield. The establishment of a profuse root system during pod setting, associated with the continuous N and P acquisition during early pod filling, seems to be relevant for higher grain yields of common bean.

scholarly journals Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilcimar Adriano Vogt ◽  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
Rogério Luiz Backes ◽  
Waldir Nicknich
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Common Bean Plants

The morpho-physiologic characteristics of common bean plants can affect their competitive ability with weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean genotypes with weeds. An experiment was carried out in the 2010/11 cropping season in Papanduva, SC, southern Brazil, in order to verify the variability of some plant characteristics among genotypes of common bean. The randomized block design was used, with four replications. Seven cultivars underwent the treatments: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. At 6, 14, 18, 25 and 32 days after emergence (DAE) were evaluated plant height, ground cover by common bean plants, dry biomass of stems and leaves, and grain yield. In the 2011/12 cropping season the same cultivars were grown in the presence or absence of weeds, adopting similar methodology to the 2010/11. The losses of grain yield in black common bean genotypes due to weed interference ranged from 30.8% to 54.9%. There was a positive correlation between yield reduction promoted by the weed infestation and dry biomass produced by the weeds. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percentage of yield reduction due to the weed infestation and grain yield without weed interference. The characteristics evaluated did not estimate the competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds.

Selenium application influenced selenium biofortification and physiological traits in water-deficit common bean plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Antonieta Vega Ravello ◽  
Cynthia de Oliveira ◽  
Josimar Lessa ◽  
Lissa Vasconcellos Vilas Boas ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Common Bean Plants
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