scholarly journals Inoculation and N Fertilization Affect the Dry Matter, N Fixation, and Bioactive Compounds in Sulla Leaves

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sulas ◽  
Giuseppe Campesi ◽  
Giovanna Piluzza ◽  
Giovanni A. Re ◽  
Paola A. Deligios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leaf N

Sulla (Sulla coronaria [L.] Medik), a Mediterranean short-lived legume with tolerance to drought-prone environments, requires inoculation outside its natural habitat. Its leaves are appreciated for the bromatological composition and content of bioactive compounds. However, no information is available regarding the distinct effects of inoculation and nitrogen (N) applications on leaf dry matter (DM), fixed N, and bioactive compounds. Sulla leaves were sampled from the vegetative stage to seed set in Sardinia (Italy) during 2013–2014 and leaf DM, N content, and fixed N were determined. Compared to the best performing inoculated treatments, DM yield and fixed N values of the control only represented 8% to 20% and 2% to 9%, respectively. A significant relationship between fixed N and leaf DM yield was established, reaching 30 kg fixed N t–1 at seed set. Significant variations in leaf atom% 15N excess and %Ndfa quantified decreases in leaf N fixation coupled with N application. Moreover, the petiole content of phenolic compounds markedly increased in the uninoculated control, suggesting deeper investigations on the relationship between bioactive compounds and inoculation treatments. Results highlighted substantial variation in DM, N yields, N-fixation ability, and content of bioactive compounds of sulla leaves caused by inoculation and N fertilization.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Differential Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization on Subsequent Recovery of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen by Mature Almond Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 755F-755
Author(s):  
Steven A. Weinbaum ◽  
Wesley P. Asai ◽  
David A. Goldhamer ◽  
Franz J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
Tom T. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Legitimate Concern ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N

There is legitimate concern that excessive fertilizer nitrogen (N) application rates adversely affect groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A 5-year study was conducted to assess the interrelationships between N fertilization rates, tree productivity, leaf [N], soil [NO–3], tree recovery of isotopically labeled fertilizer N, and NO–3 leaching. High N trees recovered <50% as much labeled fertilizer N in the crop as did trees previously receiving low to moderate fertilizer application rates. Our data suggest that the dilution of labeled N in the soil by high residual levels of NO–3 in the soil had a greater effect than tree N status (as expressed by leaf N concentration) on the relative recovery of fertilizer N.

scholarly journals The Effects of Irrigation, Inoculants and Fertilizer Nitrogen on Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). II. Yield

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Reddy ◽  
J. W. Tanner ◽  
R. C. Roy ◽  
J. M. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Different Strains

Abstract The peanut is a recent introduction into southern Ontario. In order to develop appropriate production practices, the effects of irrigation, inoculation and N fertilization on yield were investigated. Irrigation and inoculation each increased the yield by about 27%, and the effect of each of these factors was greater in the presence of the other. No significant yield difference (2992 kg/ha on average) was observed between the use of powdered peat or granular inoculants containing the same strains of rhizobia. However, a yield difference was observed between inoculants containing different strains of rhizobia. Nitrogen application at planting time did not increase the yield of uninoculated peanuts, but a split application, applied at planting and 60 days later, increased the yield by 28% over the uninoculated control. Increasing the N application at planting decreased the yield and 100-kernel weight of inoculated peanuts.

scholarly journals Growth and Nitrogen Status of Young Pecan Trees Using Fertigation

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenny Wells
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Minimal Treatment ◽  
Leaf N

The prolonged period from tree planting to first commercial harvest of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] provides incentive for many growers to intensively manage young trees to induce commercial production as soon as possible. This management includes high nitrogen (N) application rates with or without fertigation. However, there remains little data regarding the effect of N fertilization or fertigation on young pecan trees grown under southeastern U.S. orchard conditions. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of fertigation with more commonly recommended forms of fertilization on growth and leaf N, phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) concentrations of first- through third-leaf pecan trees irrigated with microsprinklers. An optimal growth rate of young pecan trees was obtained as easily with a balanced granular fertilizer application using significantly less N compared with fertigation applications. The minimal treatment differences observed along with the fact that leaf N concentration never fell below the minimum recommended level in any treatment throughout the study supports the supposition that first-year pecan trees require no N fertilizer during the year of establishment. Only modest N application rates are required during the second and third growing seasons. This practice helps to promote optimal tree growth while minimizing excessive losses of N to the environment.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization on palisadegrass: phytomass decomposition and nutrients release

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Edemar Moro
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Release Speed ◽  
Sampling Times

ABSTRACT Topdressing or pre-seeding nitrogen (N) application increases phytomass production, providing a higher nutrients accumulation and indirectly favoring the subsequent crop. However, N fertilization can alter the dry matter decomposition and nutrients release dynamics. This study aimed at evaluating the decomposition rate, cellulose, lignin and nutrients release speed from palisadegrass as a function of N fertilization. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, in a factorial scheme constituted by two N fertilization levels and six sampling times after desiccation [0, 14, 34, 41, 51 and 68 days after management (DAM)]. The topdressing N fertilization on palisadegrass increases the dry matter production and N accumulation, but does not alter the decomposition and release speed. N fertilization reduces the C/N ratio, but it does not change the contents of cellulose and lignin and the decomposition and release of N, K, Ca, Mg, C and Si. The amounts of P and S accumulated in the plant and released into the soil increase with N fertilization. The maximum release rates occur within 0-14 DAM, being more intensive for P and S when N is applied. These results demonstrate the high potential of this species for crop-livestock integration systems, with some advantages that can be potentialized with higher N doses.

scholarly journals Cropping systems sustainability: Inoculation and fertilisation effect on sulla performances in a new cultivation area

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sulas ◽  
Giovanna Piluzza ◽  
Mauro Salis ◽  
Paola A. Deligios ◽  
Luigi Ledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
Sulla Coronaria

To assess the feasibility of the sulla [Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik] forage legume in a new agroecosystem, its host-specific symbiotic interaction needs to be taken into account. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inoculation and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on productive performances and N-fixation ability of sulla established in a new habitat within a Mediterranean agropastoral area. Sulla plants, previously inoculated (with peat-based, liquid inoculants, and using soil from an existing sulla field) and unfertilised or N fertilised were evaluated in Sardinia (Italy). During 2013-2014, sulla plants were sampled at four growing stages, from vegetative stage to seed set, and shoot length, shoot dry matter (DM) yield and N content were monitored. Moreover, atom% 15N isotopic excess, proportion of N derived from the atmosphere and fixed N of sulla shoots were quantified. Inoculation and N fertilisation both affected growth, DM and N yields, and N-fixation of sulla. Compared to the best inoculated treatment, the DM yield and fixed N of the control only represented 10 to 22% and 2 to 11%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilisation caused temporary decreases in the N fixing ability of sulla. Results pointed out that rhizobial inoculation is essential for the exploitation of sulla outside its traditional cropping area.

scholarly journals ONION GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE PATTERNS AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN RATE AND TIMING OF APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1173f-1173
Author(s):  
Robert Wiedenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Spring Onion ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Leaf N

Onion production requires N fertilization, yet use efficiency of applied N is low. Improvements may be possible with a better understanding of plant growth and nutrient requirements over time. Onion growth and nutrient uptake was extremely slow during the winter months following planting, then increased substantially in the spring. Onion leaf N concentrations declined with age, while bulb N concentrations fluctuated with growing conditions but showed no longterm trend. Responses to N application were due primarily to timing and less to rate applied. Nitrogen uptake increased in some cases very quickly following N application, and in other situations was still evident after 6½ months. Yield increases, however, occurred only for preplant and winter fertilizer applications, not for spring application. Yield responses to both timing and rate varied by cultivar, with the later maturing cultivar doing best at the highest rate of preplant and the higher 2 rates of the winter applied N fertilizer.

Effects of rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on disease control by fungicides in winter wheat. 2. Crop growth and disease development

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. OLESEN ◽  
L. N. JØRGENSEN ◽  
J. PETERSEN ◽  
J. V. MORTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
N Application ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Data from a two-factorial experiment carried out during 3 years were used to analyse the effects of crop nitrogen (N) status on disease development, and the effects of N supply and disease on light interception (IPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The factors in the experiment comprised seven strategies of N fertilizer application including different N rates and timing of application, and five doses of fungicide application for control of the leaf diseases powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and septoria leaf spot (Septoria tritici). Light interception was estimated from weekly measurements of crop spectral reflectance. The increase of crop dry matter was mainly affected by N fertilizer and disease through effects on IPAR. Early N application increased IPAR and thus dry matter growth more than later N application. A split N strategy may ensure both high N uptake and high growth rates of the crop. Only septoria leaf spot significantly reduced RUE. Septoria leaf spot was found to be up to nine times more detrimental to grain yield than powdery mildew for similar severity levels. Fungicide applications may therefore be reduced in cases of low powdery mildew severity combined with low crop susceptibility to this disease. This low susceptibility was found to be obtainable with split N application strategies, as the severity of both powdery mildew and septoria leaf spot increased with increasing leaf N concentration. A similar but smaller correlation was obtained between disease severity and canopy size. Measurements of canopy size using spectral reflectance may be used as a simple indicator of general crop susceptibility to disease, whereas measurements of leaf N concentration may be used as input into decision support systems for fungicide application.

scholarly journals Combining Process Modelling and LAI Observations to Diagnose Winter Wheat Nitrogen Status and Forecast Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Andrew Revill ◽  
Vasileios Myrgiotis ◽  
Anna Florence ◽  
Stephen Hoad ◽  
Robert Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

Climate, nitrogen (N) and leaf area index (LAI) are key determinants of crop yield. N additions can enhance yield but must be managed efficiently to reduce pollution. Complex process models estimate N status by simulating soil-crop N interactions, but such models require extensive inputs that are seldom available. Through model-data fusion (MDF), we combine climate and LAI time-series with an intermediate-complexity model to infer leaf N and yield. The DALEC-Crop model was calibrated for wheat leaf N and yields across field experiments covering N applications ranging from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 in Scotland, UK. Requiring daily meteorological inputs, this model simulates crop C cycle responses to LAI, N and climate. The model, which includes a leaf N-dilution function, was calibrated across N treatments based on LAI observations, and tested at validation plots. We showed that a single parameterization varying only in leaf N could simulate LAI development and yield across all treatments—the mean normalized root-mean-square-error (NRMSE) for yield was 10%. Leaf N was accurately retrieved by the model (NRMSE = 6%). Yield could also be reasonably estimated (NRMSE = 14%) if LAI data are available for assimilation during periods of typical N application (April and May). Our MDF approach generated robust leaf N content estimates and timely yield predictions that could complement existing agricultural technologies. Moreover, EO-derived LAI products at high spatial and temporal resolutions provides a means to apply our approach regionally. Testing yield predictions from this approach over agricultural fields is a critical next step to determine broader utility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document